Pierwsza i ostatnia emigracja. Próba porównania
The First and the Last Emigration: A Comparison

Summary/Abstract: The article “The First and the Last Emigration” is an attempt to describe the differences and similarities between the first wave of economic emigration from the late nineteenth century and a similar wave from the end of the 20th century, increased in 2004 after Poland joined the European Union. On the basis of literary texts - in the first case by the main positivist writers, and in the second by numerous texts written by migrants themselves - the author examines issues such as the place and function of religion in emigrant circles, the categories of patriotism, xenophobia, tribalism, language and identity of emigrants.

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