Zhvillimi ekonomik në retrospektivë dhe në perspektivë
Economic development in retrospective and perspective

Summary/Abstract: Economy researchers, who try to explain the unexplainable “puzzle” of human society economic development, face questions and fight with unsolvable dilemmas. Why some countries are developed and some others are not? Which are the fundamental factors of growth, and are they the same with all countries and all times? What are the limits of economic growth and are there any? Such questions of the discipline of economic development have drawn the attention of researchers throughout centuries, with the hope of understanding the processes within this “black box” as well as to orientate policy-making with the aim of accelerating country’s economic development and increasing citizen’s living standards. In this context, nevertheless, a parenthesis needs to be made, bringing to mind Schumpeter’s remark in 1952 that “economics is not a list of political prescriptions, but a unity of analytic instruments” . Thus, economics provides the methodology in studying and understanding a phenomenon, while it cannot be blamed or pretend merits of success or failure of the economic development of the society. Development is not simply economics; it covers the history, politics, sociology, and anthropology – being this way a multidisciplinary field. This is the reason why looking back in history is very helpful since through the echoes of an old world we could draw valuable lessons, which would prevent our society from falling into a second medieval darkness. To the economists, who cannot exploit the experiment as a method, history is the laboratory to draw lessons from successes, but more importunately from errors, on the way of economic development. Throughout the history of economics, its theoretic paradigms have pended between “Smith’s laissez-faire”, Keynes’s interventions, and socialisation Marxist theories, to return at the end of the past century to the paradigms of the magnificent market forces. But presently, as Greenspan says, we have entered the epoch of turbulence , which is why we are simultaneously both Keynesians and Friedmanists, or simply eclectics. In order to better understand the present day realities let us have a quick observation of the development economic theories, which is presented in the form of early research collections carried out by the most reputable authors, masterfully collected into the Meier and Stiglits publication (2001).

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