Развитие, функции и употреба на каменометните машини в кралство Франция и кралство Англия (средата на XI – началото на XIV в.)
Development and use of stone-throwing siege machines in the kingdom of France (Middle of the 11th c. – beginning of the 14th c.)

Summary/Abstract: This paper aims to shed more light on the use of stone throwing machines in Medieval France. The covered period in the article starts from the middle of the eleventh century to the beginning of the fourteenth century. It should be noted, that a large part of these machines owe their designs from their earlier ancient counterparts, so their ancient models are briefly described too. Afterwards, the study describes the main types of stone throwing artillery used in the covered period. Since many researchers question the existence of the conditionally named in the text “onager” in the Middle Ages, the paper also contains arguments for and against its use in medieval Europe. The paper also explains the way that stone throwing machines worked. It also contains a list of sieges where these mechanisms were used and their effect on the overall siege according to the author. The study also contains two example illustrations – one for the counterweight trebuchet and one for the “onager”.

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