Amulety, talizmany, ofiary zakładzinowe i inne materialne świadectwa wykorzystywania magii przez średniowiecznych mieszkańców ziem polskich
Amulets, talismans, foundation offerings and other material evidence of the use of magic by medieval inhabitants of Poland

Summary/Abstract: The article attempts to point out two categories of medieval monuments that are associated with magical activities by archaeologists. This interpretation is possible in two cases. Firstly, these are things that were not necessary in everyday life, hence their role is difficult to determine. Objects considered as amulets or talismans, figurines, rattles, specific containers and masks are discussed here. Another category of monuments considered to be related to magical activities are those that do not differ from those used in everyday activities, but their finding in specific stratification systems indicates their use for magical, most often apotropaic, purposes. Particularly noteworthy here are items considered as foundation offerings and items of natural origin, such as belemnites or stone and flint tools from earlier eras, which were stored in houses or placed in the walls or under the floors of buildings. Such objects were called “thunderstones” (Latin: ceraunie).

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