Buvimo patyrimas: sampratos problematika egzistencinėje-fenomenologinėje psichologijoje
The Concept of Experience of Being in Existential-Phenomenological Psychology

Summary/Abstract: Svarbą suprasti buvimo patyrimą reflektuoja psichoterapeutai, dirbantys su depresija sergančiais ligoniais ir pacientais, kurie skundžiasi apatija, negyvumo, nutolimo nuo gyvenimo būsena. Tačiau šiuolaikinė teorinė buvimo patyrimo samprata yra nenuosekli: „buvimo“ ir „buvimo patyrimo“ terminai iki šiol dar nevisiškai prigiję, gana retai mėginama susitarti dėl jų apibrėžimų, apie buvimo patyrimo fenomeną kalbama fragmentiškai, nebuvo aiškiai įvardytos priežastys, kurios sąlygoja metodologinės prieigos prie buvimo fenomeno keblumus. Suprantant buvimo patyrimo fenomenologinę struktūrą galima būtų įžvelgti aiškesnę kryptį tolesniems teoriniams ir empiriniams buvimo patyrimo tyrimams. Tikslas. Straipsnyje siekiame: 1) atskleisti, kaip buvimo patyrimas suprantamas egzistencinės-fenomenologinės psichologijos srityje, 2) išryškinti problemas, kurios kyla mėginant perteikti buvimo patyrimo sampratą, 3) pasiūlyti būdus iškilusioms problemoms įveikti. Metodika. Buvimo patyrimo fenomenas analizuojamas pagal egzistencinės-fenomenologinės psichologijos teoriją. Psychotherapist working with depressive patients and clients, who reflect feelings of deadness, apathy and disengagement in everyday life, notice the importance of experience of being in therapy, as well as in patient’s life in general. Unfortunately, the theoretical notion of “experience of being” is still problematic: terms ”being” and ”experience of being” do not have deep roots in psychology yet, different authors do not (show much attempts to make an agreements-eliminate ) agree on the way they use those terms. A need to find specific research methods, which would be adequate for the phenomena of being, is not clearly explicated. Clearer understanding of the phenomenological structure of experience of being could give direction to further theoretical and empirical investigations of the topic. Purpose. We seek 1) to conceptualize phenomena of being and experience of being in the existential-phenomenological psychology, 2) to reflect main problems, which arouse in this process and 3) to offer some potential decisions to defined problems. Method. The phenomena of experience of being is analyzed in the scope of existential-phenomenological psychology. First, we discuss some terminology and methodology problems. Second, phenomena of being and experience of being are analyzed relying on Spinelli’s notions of ”worlding“ and „worldview“. At the end the preliminary model of experience of being is proposed. Results and conclusions. (a) In this article being is understood as a ongoing ever-shifting life process, which man is not capable to grasp by words. (b) Being is understood as a process and experience of being – as an attempt to reflect upon being and to give some structure to it. (c) The notion of ”experience of being“ could be understood in two ways.

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