Ewolucja i struktura systemu emerytalnego w Szwecji a konstrukcja zabezpieczenia emerytalnego w Polsce
Evolution and structure of the pension system in Sweden and framework of the retirement security in Poland

Summary/Abstract: The aim of the article is a comparison of pension solutions in the Swedish and Polish pension systems. The first part of the article consists of an introduction to the characteristics of the pension system in Sweden. Historical and cultural dimensions still have a large impact on the present structure of the system. Currently, the Swedish pension system is comprised of three pillars. The first pillar contains subsystems based on PAYG and Premium Pension contributions as well as guaranteed pension subsystem which is financed from the state budget. The second pillar constitutes mandatory occupational pension schemes representing more than 90 percent of employees. Individual pension plans under the third pillar are voluntary and represent a small value of retirement savings. Polish pension system, compared to the Swedish one, is characterized by voluntariness of participation in the capital part of the system and the marginalization of occupational pension schemes.Particular attention should be paid to the automatic balance mechanism that determines the ratio of the system’s assets to its liabilities. Due to the mechanism, the stability of the Swedish pension system is subject to strict control each year. Another solution is a special state pension fund AP7 Safa which is characterized by low costs of management and a higher return on investment. These solutions were not used in the Poland’s pension system which is financially unstable and does not resist the negative effects of aging society. Additionally, the unfavourable financial situation is deepened by pension privileges and low public interest in voluntary forms of savings.

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