КОГНІТИВНА АНТРОПОЛОГІЯ ЯК АКТУАЛЬНА ЛІТЕРАТУРОЗНАВЧА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ
COGNITIVE ANTHROPOLOGY AS AN ACTUAL LITERARY METHODOLOGY

Summary/Abstract: In the article a definition and main problems of cognitive anthropology as literary methodology are analyzed. Cognitive anthropology is the study of human cognition in cultural and cross-cultural contexts. This methodology generally focuses on the intellectual and rational aspects of culture, particularly through studies of language use. There are four basic categories of work done in cognitive anthropology − semantics, knowledge structures, models and systems, and discourse analysis. Cognitive anthropology is approach to text analysis that synthesizes cognitive and anthropological approaches. Possible worlds semantics uses the concept of a possible world to give substance to the idea of alternative extensions and alternative domains of quantification. Text world’s theory is a cognitive model of all human discourse processing. In text world theory, readers first build a possible world that is rule-governed and corresponds to our actual world. The central tenet of the model is that users construct a world using the text, as well as any knowledge and experience they may bring to that text, and furthermore, that the resulting text-world is continually updated with incremental information as the discourse proceeds. The space in which the language event takes place is called the discourse world, and the interactants the discourse participants. Fiction Theory is a discipline that applies possible world theory to literature. This theory allows to analyze narrative macrostructure of prose text, examine the impact of nature force, mental life of characters (physical, mental actions). In the article own concept of fictional world structure is represented.

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