Світовідношення як підгрунтя художньої творчості: культурологічний аналіз
Relation to the world as a basis for art analysis through the lens of cultural science

Summary/Abstract: The socio-cultural transformation that takes place all over the world, actualizes the problem relationship to the world. The issue of conditionality creativity and attitude to the world attracted the attention of philosophers, theorists since ancient times. Despite the availability of a large number of scientific papers on the issue of relationship to the world and the impact of attitude to the world at creativity, there remain some issues that need further analysis. In particular, the issue of conditionality relating to the world of art result. We analyzed the work of Friedrich Nietzsche, Oswald Spengler, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, and others. We also relied on the work А. Losev, M. Mamardashvili, A. Kanarsky, L. Levchuk V. Lychkovah, M. Popovic. The German philosopher, representative of "philosophy of life" Spengler claimed that culture is a soul, blood, essence of civilization, that unity outlook, symbols of culture, all forms of creative life, art is a manifestation of the same "world soul". The initial position Spengler - life as a diversity of experiences, creative impulse in the future. Man, according to the German philosopher, always a choice, trying to decide on the meaning of life. The contrast that exists between the Being that is perfect, and human life that is tenuous, gives birth in the human soul, on the one hand, the longing for perfection on the other - the fear of this world. This attitude, outlook, according to Spengler, gives impetus to creativity, through which a person conquers the world and protected by him. So factor that affects the outlook, it is the world, understanding and feeling is due to the perception of the objective world. However, the objective world - a world that sees, feels, experiencing a particular person, and each person sees, feels and experiences the same thing differently. We can therefore say that the objective world for each person - a kind of reflection of outlook which definitely influenced by certain circumstances may vary. The founder of phenomenology, the German philosopher Husserl introduces the concept of "life-world" as a semantic dominant culture, opposing "objective scientific world". For Heidegger, within one civilization, one culture, one historical time for every person there his Dasein (Dasein), which includes many realities: how many people, so many Dasein, as realities in a historical time in one culture. Max Scheler calls the man "eternal Faust", which tried to overcome the limits of its ontological predetermined, seeks to "break through the limits of its here-and-now-well-being and their surrounding world, including the existing reality of the self". Losev singled out two types of attitude - pessimistic and optimistic. By Alexander Losev, pessimistic type focused on suffering, because if there is joy, it is not for long, because all shaky, unreliable. A person with this attitude, by A. Losev, "sees the heart." It is this type of attitude, in his opinion, and encourages to creative. "Philosophy of Heart" inherent Ukrainian scientific thought (H. Skovoroda, P. Jurkiewicz). The attitude to the world, as we know, has attitude and outlook, and, in our opinion, depend on each other. The tragic attitude to the world can be seen as continuous thread of culture that touches all aspects of human life, all areas that acquires ethical and aesthetic intrinsic value of the religious and artistic areas historically close and mutually conditioned, and add from myself, affects the sense of peace and therefore the attitude to the world. "Heartfelt" attitude to the world combines in a man of spiritual, moral, sensual and volitional nature as a whole, presenting it as a coherent artistic personality. The attitude to the world affects the occurrence of certain associations that appear depending on the "life-world" of the author, because the work of the artist - is an essential point of his life. In this case we can say about psychological setting artistic creativity (wording proposed Ukrainian esthetician Elena Onishchenko), which considerably expands representation about its features. Psychological mechanisms subconscious and consciousness is the basis of creativity (Freud, Fromm and others). Creativity is regarded science as something qualitatively new, something original and different socio-historical uniqueness. However, the absolute is that people should always existential create, create. Every moment of human life is a creation of reality that it creates, building on its relationship to the world. Artistic creativity creates the possibility of ambiguous reflection by different people one and the same, which, is due to the by subjective perception. In the article scientific papers on problems relationship to the world given in system. Proved that the relationship to the world has an ethical, psychological and aesthetic basis and affects the artistic creativity.

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