Организация и управление на имунизационното дело в Р. България и във Варненска област през периода от 9.ІХ.1944 до 2000 г.
Organization and Management of Immunization Work in the Republic of Bulgaria and in the Region of Varna within the Period from 9th September 1944 until the Year 2000

Summary/Abstract: High incidences of diphtheria, spotty and typhoid fever, tetanus, measles, malaria and other infectious diseases were recorded in Bulgaria after the Second World War. The development of the public health system since 1950 gives priority to the management of epidemic processes in vaccine preventative infections with vaccine prophylaxis. The analysis of the accumulated 50 years of experience (successes and problems) of the immunization work in the country and in the Varna region can serve to improve the system of immunoprophylaxis. Objective: To analyze the management and control of the immunization practices in the country and in the region of Varna during the period 1944–2000 within the context of changes in the public health system. Materials and methods: The reported data on registered socially significant controlled and uncontrolled infections for the period 1944–2000 in the region of Varna; data from literary sources; collection of instructions for combating infectious diseases and regulatory and legal documents were actively investigated and researched. The data obtained was analyzed using epidemiological, descriptive, historical-analytical, documentary, mathematical-statistical, and other methods. Results: After the Second World War a network of hygienic – epidemiological structures was established in the country, which in cooperation with the medical and prophylactic establishments managed and carried out the pro – epidemiological and prophylactic. Since 1950s, immuno-prophylaxis was a major practice in tackling communicable diseases. New vaccinations were introduced in the immunization calendar of the country, the management of the planned immunizations and re-immunizations was improved and the processes of the prophylactic immunizations were automated. Due to the targeted immunization policy in the country in the 1970s and 1980s, the incidence of vaccine-preventable infections was significantly reduced to the elimination stage of diphtheria and polio. In the years of transition after 1989, the crisis in the health system had a negative impact on the immunization case. Accumulation of non-immune contingents and the emergence of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases were quick to follow. Conclusion: The changes in the public health system influenced the management and control of the immunization practices and determined the spread of the vaccine-preventable infections.

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