COSTS OF PRODUCTION INSTRUMENTS IN OUR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AND THE LIKELIHOOD OF COSTS REDUCTION Cover Image

ТРОШКОВИ СРЕДСТАВА ЗА РАД У НАШИМ ИНДУСТРИЈСКИМ ПРЕДУЗЕЋИМА И МОГУЋНОСТИ ЊИХОВОГ СНИЖЕЊА
COSTS OF PRODUCTION INSTRUMENTS IN OUR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AND THE LIKELIHOOD OF COSTS REDUCTION

Author(s): Živojin Perić
Subject(s): Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Commercial Law
Published by: Правни факултет Универзитета у Нишу

Summary/Abstract: In the total reproduction means of the Yugoslav industrial enterprises in 1962, the capital means (means of work) participated to a proportion of 73%, while in several branches that proportion was even considerably greater - all up to 96% in the production of the electric energy. Meanwhile, the participation of the costs of means of work in the total value of the industrial production and in the cost price of the products is on the average considerably lesser and the author, on the ground of partial official data, estimates it at 8% (in the value of the production), or at 12% (in the cost prices of the products). The author quotes the factors which, besides the structure of the reproduction means (relation of the capital stock to the working capital), exert influence on the relative amount (participation) of the costs of the means of work in the value structure of the production.. Getting to the conclusion that such a relative amount of costs of "means of work” (by the various branches and types of products is very different, and that it reaches even over 75%, and, together with the subordinate costs of the rpeans of work (interests, insurance premium, rents and so on), even over 80%, the author points out the great importance of the examinations of a possibility of reduction of these costs per unit of production. To that end the author at first analyses in detail the characteristics of the various elements of the costs of the means of work and the corresponding subordinate costs and gets to the conclusion that they in the whole, although with some particular deviation, have predominantly a fixed character. The author pays a special attention to the contemplation of the amortization system of the capital means in Yugoslav industry and point out that it is predominantly a so-called temporal system, but with some optional elements of a functional system, which, however, refer only to the machines, implements and plants. To proves that those elements of a functional system of amortization are of a lesser importance, the author gives information on the structure of the capital means, wherefrom it appears that the equipment participates to a proportion of only 54% in the total value of the capital means.In the preliminary considerations the author reaches a solid basis where upon he may undertake an examination of the possibility of a reduction of the costs of the means of work in the industrial enterprises. He does that from a twofold aspect:(a) from the aspect of the amount of the costs of the means of work by a capacity unit of the enterprise;(b) from the aspect of the amount of the costs of the means of work by a unit of planned or realized production.The amount of the costs of the means of work by a capacity unit, in view of their predominantly fixed character, depends on:(a) the total value and the technical structure of the means of work (Mn) and(b) the capacity of the enterprise (C).The author indicates the way in which one may contribute to a reduction of the Mn and to the increase of the C, so that the costs by unit of products be as lesser as possible.The greatest attention of the author draw the possibilities of a reduction of the costs of the work by a unit of actual production. He point out the factors that exert influence on the amount of the costs of the means of work and on the degree of exploitation of the installed and real capacity. The decisive moment for a reduction of the costs of the means of work is, in the opinion of the author, the effort of the enterprise to bring as near as possible, the degree of exploitation of its actual capacity to a hundred per cent exploitation, should even the total costs of the means of work increase, but progressively diminishing in proportion to the increase of the production. He also indicates a series of possibilities to increase, within the framework of the installed capacity, the actual capacity of the enterprise. Finally the author indicates the data on realized coefficients of the teams in the industrial enterprises in 1962, and he records that in a more complete exploitation of the capacities are concealed great reserves for an increase of production, and so also for a reduction of the costs of the means of work per unit of production.

  • Issue Year: II/1963
  • Issue No: 2
  • Page Range: 123-135
  • Page Count: 13
  • Language: Serbian