Dimensions of the meaning of Central Europe
Srednja Evropa: dimenzije značenja
Keywords: Central Europe; geopolitics in the Danube Region;
More...Keywords: Central Europe; geopolitics in the Danube Region;
More...Keywords: išeivija; exile; France; Lithuania
On assiste en France entre 1860 et 1865 à un regain de sympathie pour la Pologne soumise au joug russe. Les Français semblent se saisir des événements de politique extérieure pour renouer avec une ferveur romantique depuis longtemps révolue dans leur pays. Dans une France qui vit mal la quiétude bourgeoise de l‘Empire de Napoléon- le-Petit, prendre fait et cause pour l‘insurrection polonaise permet – illusoirement ?- de revivre une seconde jeunesse, et de se donner une belle image de soi : une France accueillante, magnanime, animée d‘une sympathie prête à aller jusqu‘au sacrifice pour lutter contre le tyran russe, incarné par son représentant le « pendeur » de Vilnius, Mouraviev, à qui sont consacrés quantité de vers vengeurs... Une France qui se donne la bonne conscience d’un exil prétendument doré. Trente ans plus tôt, n’a-t-elle pas offert le Collège de France à Mickiewicz ? Le point de vue des intéressés est plus modéré. L’auteur de Pan Tadeusz confie dans une lettre à son frère François son ennui de devoir rester dans le « maudit Paris », si malsain, et ajoute ce constat désabusé : « Ily a force maladies et misères dans notre émigration. » (Lettre du 19 avril 1831). Trente ans plus tard, en 1862, Charles Edmond précise la donne avec diplomatie dans son article « De l’esprit poétique de la Lithuanie » : « La France accueillit généreusement les exilés ; mais ce n’est qu’au moment où elle ouvrait aussi la lice à leur pensée, où elle les aida à défendre leur cause devant les tribunaux de l’histoire et dans sa propre langue, qu’elle fit briller à leur égard toute sa sympathie, toute son hospitalité. » Il rappelait ainsi le caractère essentiel du rapport de l’exilé avec sa culture et à sa langue. Prancūzų romantizmą lydėjo savitas XIX a. pradžios Lietuvos įsivaizdavimas („lenkų dvasios lietuvinimas“, „prarastas lietuvių rojus“), taikliai apibūdintas Danieliaus Beauvois. Tremtinio lietuvio mitas Prancūzijoje nuo 1861 iki 1871 metų pažadino romantinio idealo atgimimą. To meto kūriniai: prisiminimų nuotrupos, memuarai, laiškai – liudija palyginti vėlyvą lyrinio „aš“ perdėtą jausmingumą, pasenusį romantizmą pačiame realizmo įkarštyje. Šiame straipsnyje lyginami 1830 metų pseudoautobiografiniai „lituanofilijos“ motyvo raštai su trisdešimčia metų vėlesniais (1861 metų).
More...The Holocaust in Mures County as seen in the media of the time.
More...Keywords: Migration; motivations of working abroad; skills for integration; cultural differences; cultural shock; creating stability zones
Recently, the proportions of people who are immigrating to achieve their aspirations in abroad are increasing rapidly.Hungarians who have gained adequate training and qualifications can start working in their motherland. Previously a certain job is said to fulfill the employees for a long time, at least for the retirement as well. Nowadays, this is absolutely not true. In one hand it is not only because of the workers having increased demand and desire for new things, and hoping in their jobs, but in the other hand in these current conditions, they cannot find a suitable workplace for themselves, which it might be in accordance with their qualifications, their experiences as well and they could exploit that sufficient remuneration to benefit. People are not able to cover the increased subsistence by their domestic wages and revenues. For that reason, there are many people in Hungary who think about their life, opportunities, and possibilities as well. If they worked abroad, how they would start, having abdicated their lives so far, leaving their families, in the hope of a better paying job. In one of my research named after the international career field, I have studied the living life of Hungarians in London. What are their motivations, how they can solve the differences between foreign cultures. What integration competencies do they have?Most of us know the “cultural shock”. There are several components of this shock. You should have to know the details of this period, because all of them who want to go to work abroad, have to prepare in advance. There are other conditions, circumstances, habits, custom and some difficulties of other civilization as well.A new country may be “windows to finding opportunities” becoming what we want to be, doing what we want to create and feeling at home in a foreign country as well. But if we do not prepare, do not speak foreign languages, the life might be a failure venue there.
More...Keywords: labor-related emigration; mobility; motivations; working abroad; cluster analysis;
This paper tries to analyze the motivations of Hungarian labor-migration in 2017 and provides insights into this labor-migration-flow as well. Nowadays the labor-migration is determinative part of the whole labor market of modern economies and it is closely related to the process of globalization. Employees working abroad are parts of globalization processes. The development of employment and these kinds of labor-flows have been effected by the enlargement of the European Union (EU). In the EU member countries the willingness to work has been increased by this labor-flow. Migration and mobility are parts of the incentives of labor market on European level in the EU policy. Formerly if we heard that word: labor-migration, we hardly focused on the flow of emigration; we associated mainly with the process of immigration. But now the discourses about migration focus rather on emigration, than on immigration. It is important to mention that this publication, do not focus those migration flows, which can be seen nowadays towards Europe from Eastern and African countries. The authors do not analyze the reasons and motivations of this „new Exodus” either. The authors of this article do focus mainly on the relevance and importance of Hungarian labor-migration, and its motivations. The authors do not analyze any kind of political aspect of the topic. Being the labor-migration a timely topic, it is worth discussing, because year by year the number of Hungarian foreign employment is increasing. While in Hungary the Hungarian employed population is gradually decreasing. In Hungary, the relevance and importance of migration is highly perceived. That is why these things gradually should have been incorporated in national labor market, educational and other policy plans. Moreover, the tendency of labor-migration is often talked about in media. According to statistical data, there is continuously increasing emigration in this field. Most of the job seekers prefer work to abroad, than in their own country. In globalized labor-market, the labor-migration is considered to be so natural, not only because of that fact that moving is a part of our life, but for some other reasons too.
More...Keywords: ethnography; ethnology; folklore; definition; field; research methods; house; habits; grazing; folk medicine
The authors present some aspects of the activity carried out by the Department and the Seminar of Ethnography and Folklore, in the context of celebrating nine decades since the inauguration. Setting up the Department was decided by the Commission for organizing the University of Cluj, but implementation of this decision was delayed by the lack of a material base (library, photograph library and film slide library), the lack of suitable space for seminar works, and not least because of titular’s absence. The authors further present the activity of the Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania to create the material base, of the Romanian Ethnographic Society for research and exploitation of popular culture, and G. Vâlsan’s activity to train specialists. Finally, we presented courses held within the Department and the work done in the Seminar, indicating themes of the papers presented by students.
More...Keywords: grammaticalisation; Permian; vowel ~ zero alternation; two-open-syllable tendency;
The aim of this paper is to present the most salient characteristics of Permian vowel ~ zero alternations and to analyse them in terms of grammaticalisation. The term `grammaticalisation' will be used here in a non-traditional sense. When we investigate grammaticalisation, it is not merely individual linguistic units (having turned into grammatical ones), but also relationships between linguistic units that are to be taken into consideration. If, for instance, a phonological relationship that originally obtained between certain forms and triggered the application of some automatic process turns into a non-automatic alternation that distinguishes linguistic units from one another, this is just as much an instance of grammaticalisation as the well-known cases in which an originally lexical item turns into a grammatical one. This hypothesis will be substantiated in this paper with the help of some considerations concerning Permian vowel ~ zero alternations.
More...Keywords: cultural performance;alumni balls;Székely Mikó Reformed College;Gyöngyvér Krecht
The balls of the Székely Mikó Reformed College’s alumni in Sfântu Gheorghe have become important events in the city’s life. Gyöngyvér Krecht’s paper entitled New Community Events – Alumni Balls at the Székely Mikó College analyses the consequences of the political measures and the role of theatre performances and theatrical events within these events interpreted as a cultural performance.
More...Keywords: Hungarian folk dance festivals; Transylvania; communism; television; Katalin Simonffy
On 21th November of 1977, the Hungarian language programme of the Romanian Television broadcasts the images of the first festival of Hungarian folk dances and music from Bucharest,organized at the Sports Hall of Cluj with the participation of the pupils of the Sámuel Brassai Highschool in Cluj, Gábor Bethlen Highschool of Aiud, and Industrial Highschool of Covasna. Thes hows were made with help of complex technical equipment and had a high budget. The movements pread to all important highschools of Transylvania. 27 highschool participated in the 9 festivals organized. The editor of the shows, Katalin Simonffy, presents the story of their creation and the history of the folk dance movement (táncház) of those times.
More...Keywords: folk dance movement; RTV; TV program;media history;
The research offers an insight into the history of the folk dance movement initiated by the TV program entitled Kaláka based on the available sources (contemporary press coverage, interviews with the participants, photos and films) as well as structured interviews and questionnaires. There search also focuses on the carrier of those who participated in this emblematic Transylvanian folk dance movement, and how they managed to transfer the specific mentality created within the framework of this movement in their further carriers.
More...Keywords: Romania; France; Alphonse Dupront; interwar period; diplomacy; culture.
The study focuses on the activity of Alphonse Dupront (1905–1990), the head of the French Institute of High Studies in Romania between the years 1932–1941. The results of this activity were extremely benefic for the French-Romanian collaboration during the difficult period of the Nazi ascension in Germany and of the rise of the Italian Fascism. The annex of the study presents the text prepared by Liviu Floda for the Congress of the American-Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1987, valuable testimony of the Romanian-French cultural relations during the interwar period.
More...Keywords: funeral folk poetry; folklore specialists; the representation of the human body
The textual world created by the funeral poetry specialist from Györgyfalva/Gheorghieni (Cluj County) can be understood as the result of the collective memory. This analysis focuses on representations of health and illness, of the process of dying in the funeral poems preserved in the Jaskó family archive. These texts often describe the different physical states of the human body, as it is affected by illnesses or accidents. Based on textual resources (42 funeral poems and interviews) the article emphasizes recurring motifs and identifies the types and causes of death which are usually present in the edited biography of the deceased person. The textual analysis is completed with information related to the creative process and the context of the utterance of the poems, with special focus on the writing praxis of the specialist.
More...Keywords: Aniversări; centenar;
Aniversații anului 2010 sunt cercetătorii: Steluța Pârâu, Viorel Boldureanu, Avram Cristea, Valer Deleanu, Raimonde Wiener, Cornel Arion, Valer Butură și Ilarion Cocișiu.
More...Keywords: pulpit; church music; Protestantism; Hungarian Reformed Church in Transylvania;
Ez az előadás a marosvásárhelyi Vártemplomban hangzott el, Az éneklőszék témájú konferencián, melyet Dávid László (1932–2007) emlékére rendeztek 2008. április 5–6-án.
More...Keywords: contemporary villagers; South-Transylvania; shepherds;
According to the native inhabitants from the herding communities in the South-Transylvanian area of Mărginimea Sibiului, pastoral apprenticeship often starts during one’s early childhood. Indeed, accounts from contemporary villagers in Jina, Poiana Sibiului, and Tilișca are plentiful in biographic information about the roles and tasks they did accomplish while taking care of their parents’ herds. This is particularly significant on the manner in which, in this case, what is usually defined in terms of the “first seven years of a child’s life” mostly refers to the sheepfold framework. As a matter of fact, training the very young shepherds appears to be integrated into a division of labor sui generis, within which activities like grazing or milking the sheep are entrusted by parents to their sons or daughters when the age of them is lived somewhat in a “work and play” way. In what follows, an introductory discussion is proposed with regard to such a “shepherd’s pedagogy”, based on a series of ethnographic data collected in the three aforementioned villages, in the course of 2016.
More...Keywords: Nation; Nationalism; Atlas; Map; Critical Cartography;
Map renders the nation visible. It determines the borders of the homeland and distinguishes inside from the outside; it points to the probable threats to the land within the borders or engenders dreams of expansion towards outside the borders. Maps, through presenting the nation and the homeland within a meaningful coherence and concretizing them facilitates people to bond with this unity, hence reinforces the emotion of belonging to the nation. If there were no maps it would have been harder to think about the nation, feel a loyalty towards the homeland and imagine the nation. As a result of this from 19th Century onwards maps became elements of nationalisms. Maps with world maps, history atlases, schoolbooks find themselves an effective and widespread area of usage as educative materials. Hence maps from childhood onwards function as tools where we position the world and ourselves/nation within it. In this study the political language of maps, a neglected issue within the social sciences in Turkey, will be tackled through the nation- map relation. The role maps play in construction and imagination of the nation will be analyzed.
More...Keywords: Ottoman-Russian War; Treaty of Berlin; Romania; Northern Dobruja;
Dobruja; located on the border of Romania and Bulgaria, is associated with concepts such as “an extraordinary mosaic of races”, “an ethnic Babylon”, “an orient in miniature”, “a magnificent laboratory of comparative ethnography” by many authors due to its ethnic diversity. It is divided into two parts with the definition of Northern and Southern Dobruja. After the Ottoman Empire was defeated in the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878, the Russian Empire gave the Northern Dobruja lands to Romania for its aid in the war and asked for Bessarabia in return. The Romanian administration resisted not to give Bessarabia to the Russians, entered into long-lasting political discussions, but had to leave the region and settle with Northern Dobruja with the Berlin Treaty signed after the war. Romania made new regulations by taking the ethnic and religious diversity of Northern Dobruja into account. It enacted laws that were deemed necessary for the integration of the region with a large Tatar, Romanian, Turkish and Bulgarian population. Romania has provided facilities for increasing the welfare level of the residents of Dobruja, granting citizenship and property rights, and fulfilling their beliefs and worship freely.
More...Keywords: humanist art;refugees;Winterreise;
On the director's issues of the Winterreise directed by Kornél Mundruczó, the refugee crisis and the "humanist art".
More...Keywords: School leadership;meaningful use of ICT; ICT vision;
This article focuses on a case study of primary schools in the northern peripheral region in Israel. Its aim is acquiring insights into the influence of principals as educational leaders of meaningful use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in teaching and learning. The data source in this study is qualitative based on personal interviews with 6 school principals and 9 teachers. The conclusion arising from these interviews was that school principals’ areas of responsibility are anchored in leading teaching, educational and learning processes, moulding schools’ future image – vision and managing change, leading, and professionally developing staff, while concentrating on in individuals, managing links between schools and communities. School leaders do not need to be IT experts, but it is important they have the vision to adopt change reform in the technological era of the 21st century. Principals are role models for teachers when they provide them with support and training to encourage them to employ ICT in planning their lessons. which is likely to improve their teaching and students’ learning.
More...Keywords: talent management; Reformed college; faith; school bulletin and yearbook; Christian pedagogy;
Service of “Nobility through the Spirit”. The Mission of Reformed Colleges to Support Talent. In the community of Reformed institutions, children’s growth is accompanied by educators whose mission is a call from God, in the spirit of which they seek to convey the word of the Bible to children. The main message of nurturing talent is to help all students become aware of the abilities they have received from God personally. Reformed colleges play a special role in this and build on significant historical traditions, and see nurturing talent as a process of complex personal development. The aim of the present study is to examine the mission of Reformed colleges in relation to talent development by highlighting two examples: the role of the Reformed College in Sárospatak and of that in Pécs in supporting talent. The sources used were school bulletins and yearbooks.
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