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Eating disorders represent important problem particularly among adolescent girls. Early onset of eating disorder represents risk factor for somatic, psychological, and social development. The length of the period between the occurrence of symptoms and initiation of therapy has significant impact on the prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to raise adequate awareness in non-medical circles. There are two types of preventive measures: general and specific. The more general one focuses on the family functioning, and developmental issues. The more specific prevention measures focus on positive relationship to individual’s own body and on diets. De-stigmatization of people suffering from eating disorder who are already in psychiatric and psychological treatment also requires special attention.
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The amount of work stress faced by the employees has increased in the recent decades. This situation has negative health and psychosocial consequences. The Model Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) has significantly contributed to the research on adverse health effects of work. This model examines the subjectively perceived level of balance between the effort and obtained rewards of workers and it analyses the medical and psychosocial consequences of this (im)balance. This paper introduces a description of the ERI model at theoretical, methodological, and empirical level.
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The study analyzes the issue of youth victimization and approaches it from a perspective of criminological theories focusing on lifestyle. First, victimological theories labeled lifestyles/ routine activities perspective are introduced and a possibility of their integration with other significant predictors of victimization is discussed. Second, the integrated model is empirically tested making use of data from a Czech youth survey ISRD-3. Two types of victimization are analyzed, namely theft victimization and violent crime victimization. The results of the study are largely in agreement with the proposed model.
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In 1993, the division of Czechoslovakia into two independent entities, the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, took place. During the 70 years of their co-existence in one country, considerable regional differences in the life expectancy at birth were decreasing for both men and women. Since the separation, the life expectancies of the Czech and Slovak population have been diverging. Based on decomposition of the difference in the life expectancies, it is obvious that there are disparities in mortality at higher ages. Using the EU-SILC data on self-perceived health and reported disability, we show that the differences are apparent also with respect to the healthy life expectancies. In the Slovak Republic, the healthy life-expectancies in good self-perceived health or without daily limitation were lower in comparison with the Czech Republic in the period 2005–2012. The decomposition of the difference in life expectancy by disability and age distinguishes the disability component and the mortality component. This decomposition shows that the disability component is larger than the mortality component. This finding suggests that the difference might be linked to cultural differences. Applying concept of the Hofstede et al. (2010) cultural dimensions the cultural differences in disparities between healthy life expectancies in the Czech and Slovak Republic was not directly proved.
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