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The willingness for the New Ethnos, wich will make possible the new self-defining and common identification comes to light. It is about the human desire for multiethnic consciousness, cosmopolitanism, wich knows the difference betwen the positive ethnic identity and empty nationalistic pathos. The intellectual dialoque, exchange relations, spirit of the community, multilinqual environment and tolerance are the password for the future, as well as the fact defined by the philosopher Sloterdijk: "Every human life by its structure /by its birth/ possesses the character of the immigration in some country, some nation, some population, some culture. Accordingly, we all can be defined as immigrants ... " We are all immigrants and emigrants on the rounded peace of land, where more than one World exist. Having been torn off from the entirety, we are falling into the strange World. The separation starts off somehow with the first scream, and it moves us around through the whole life, despite our desire to be together and unity with the world and our fellow-people.
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The political marketing, as a concept and philosophy of management, with its planned-nalytical, scientific and creative componen, brings qualitatively new aspect into the confrontation of the political parties in the countries of the Developed West. The political marketing, using the results of numeous sciences highly educated people significant material means, deliberately tries' to direct an enormous electoral body toward the aim defined by a certain political party. Eventualy, the very last aim is to penetrate into the deepest layers of a human personality use all of its weaknesses, desires, needs, fers, hopes researched in detail before in order to offer it as a "political product" during the preelection campaing, Mass media play the main role, shaping the publicity and public opinion the way it wants. The application of this concept is the matter of ethic and depends on the society in concreto, and also on what the participants to the political strug gle mean by "political marketing". At the level of this approach seems unavoidable the question of manipulation, inddoctrination, narrowing the volume of the crtitical conscious, reduction of the reality to the some usually phenomenological aspect of the occurrences, which is subject of talks and scientific publications.
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Replacing "one" singlemindedness with three of them, did not essentially change /non/democratic picture in the territory of the Former Yugoslavia. Every single effort to build up the real democratic culture and conditions for the development of the real democracy is worth making. Therefore human being is "Being of Choice". Having no choice, it searches for choice, one way or another. In Mostar, the choice wac not to attend the elections. It is the phenomenom of the democracy par excellence in a Bosnian manner.
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The idea of the American specific quality has a long history. The first Governor of the colony in the Massachusetts Bay John Winthrop has told in 1630 to his fellowcountrymen: "We will be like the city on the hill, and the eyes of all will be fixed upon us". There is an opinion that USA, due to the circumstances under it has been established, possesses the moral strenght which is unique all around the World. That opinion keeps going and shows up shaped as "being predetermined by Destiny" which led to the expansion on the West in XIX cenury, or being shaped as efforts made by Woodrow Willson, during the First World War, to insure the Democracy in the World.
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The American Constitution as the unique legal document is analysed in its historical background. The Founders were well-read, educated and prominent citizens thoroughly emerged in the Era of Enlightement, inspired by the pre-existing models of the civic society. The Roman Republic demanded a high degree of civic virtue and promoted the common good. John Locke's' concept of natural rights disagreed with the theory of exclusive rights enjoyed by certain groups, classes or nations of people. Locke defined natural rights in terms of liberty, life and property and he accepted them to be the core of humanity. The Founders ideas about government were influenced by a French writer Baron de Montesquieu who advocated a system of balanced and divided power and the idea of a mixed government. The JudeoChristian worldview occupied a special place in creation of the Constitution. The Founders insisted on "Providence" and the "Creator" who Endowed men certain unailenable rights". The period of Renaissance (means: "re-birth") animated intelectual life and rediscovered ancient Greek and Roman history. The idea of historical change and a progres flourished in that time. The individual relationship of government and religious institutions is reexamined. Magna Carta contributed to the development of constitutional government and limited the power of a ruler. The history had a great influence on the Founders. The reformation resulted in modern ideas about religion, individual rights and government. Being able to read the Bible in native tongues people were encouraged to cherish greater freedom of conscience. The Bost"n Masacre acelerated a document deafted by Thomas Jefferson - the Declaration of Indepedency. The Framers created the Costitution which was not universally acclaimed·and ratification gave vise to disputes of the most basic questions. The Philadelphia Convention ended with "a bundle of compromises". The final form of the constitution is conscise agreement with amendments, which is not the perfect solution to be copied by another states in need of democracy. There are some universal ideas of true democracy which should be accepted as the essential human rights. The basic human rigts must be mutually respected, otherwise war and insanity will prevail.
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One can say that the postcommunistic countries had the two-way destiny, namely, procreation and dying of the communism had created two ways: some of the counties i.e. Poland, Bohemia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary have been considerably paving the democratic way of their own economic and political prospetiruy while the other /Russia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and SR Yugoslavia/ are to fight for their democratic path to the future, after the blood-stained dissolution of the former federal countries, SSSR and SFRJ.
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This article was written in connection with the seventieth anniversary of the birth of the great Bulgarian revolutionary poet Nikola Vaptsarov, who fell in the antifascist struggle (1942). The question of the role of folklore in the poet's creative development is posed in it. A number of facts are cited, which are evidence of the lasting interest taken by Vaptsarov in Bulgarian folk-songs. The literary impact of the Bulgarian poets, whose work developed in close connection with the art of folklore is also pointed out. This was particularly strong in the poetry of P.K. Yavorov who, among other things, was a close friend and comrade-in-arms of the poet's father in the revolutionary struggles. Nikola Vaptsarov was convinced that the creators of socialist realistic literature should be well-acquainted with folklore. His poetry is a good example in this respect. The folklore elements which Vaptsarov makes skilful use of in his revolutionary poems are traced in the article.
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George R.R. Martin.2011. A Song of Ice and Fire, books 1-5. New York: Bantam Books.
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This paper seeks to analyze Israel’s emerging strategic alliance with the Balkan countries, not only as an “alternative” to Turkey, but rather expose how interest-driven policies are rapidly shaping deepening political, military & intelligence cooperation with Cyprus, Greece, Romania and Bulgaria. At the backdrop of Israel’s quest to form alternative alliances with non-Middle Eastern states close to its geographical vicinity, is its apparent interests in exporting newly discovered energy riches to European markets. Aside from commercial aspects driving Israel’s relations with Greece and Cyprus, it remains unclear how viable a Balkan-Israel alliance can be without some sort of Turkish-Israeli rapprochement.
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Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, in addition to the political and economic orders, the structure of civil-military relations also began to change. The paper will provide an insight into the patterns of civil-military relations from a historical perspective. The main argument of the paper is that even though serious and mostly successful first generation reforms are made in the field of democratic civil-military relations, there are still some problems regarding the second generation reforms. In order to address these problems, the evolution of civil-military relations in the post-Communist era will be analyzed with a focus on successes and failures. After sorting out current problems, it will secondly try to answer the question what should be done in order to establish a more democratic structure of civil-military relations.
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This article examines the impact of NATO enlargement on security and democratization in East Central Europe in order to draw lessons for aspirants in the Western Balkans. I analyze some of the main arguments of Neo-realists and Neo-liberal Institutionalists on the role of international institutions like the EU and NATO for increasing stability and security, and for fostering cooperation among states. While neither theory wins, the article finds evidence to support some of the main propositions of both the Realist and the Institutionalist schools of thought. The theoretical analysis is then used to draw policy recommendations about the continuing enlargement of NATO and the Euro-Atlantic perspective for the Western Balkan states.
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