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Treatise. "Vázlat a felvilágosodás egyik sajátosságáról"
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Treatise. "Vázlat a felvilágosodás egyik sajátosságáról"
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Ruttkay Kálmán: Menedékház (Sárközi Márta-emlékkönyv) Rest-house (A book in memory of Márta Sárközi) Radics Viktória: A gyilkos hangsúly (Németh Gábor: Zsidó vagy?) The Murderous Accent (Gábor Németh, Are You a Jewish?) Bazsányi Sándor: Az „őszinte vágyódás” betege (Fehér Ferenc Művei 3. Hazatérni. Művészetfilozófiai írások) Suffering From „Serious Longing” (Ferenc Fehér’s Works 3. Coming Home. Studies in the Philosophy of Art) Gyáni Gábor: Vannak-e még vagy már polgárok idehaza? (Laki Mihály–Szalai Júlia, Vállalkozók vagy polgárok? Are There Still or Already Bourgeois Here in This Country? Laki Mihály: Sokszínű kapitalizmus (Sebők Marcell [szerk.]: Pályaképek a magyar tőkés fejlődés aranykorából) Many-Coloured Capitalism (Marcell Sebők [ed.], Career Portraits from the Gold Age of the Hungarian Capitalist Development)
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This study analyses the impact of transparency and openness to competition in public procurement in the Czech Republic. The problems of the Czech procurement market have been demonstrated on the analysis of a sample of contracts awarded by local government entities. From among a set of factors influencing the efficiency of public procurement, we closely analyse transparency, resilience against corruption, openness, effective administrative award procedure, and formulation of appropriate evaluation criteria for selecting the most suitable bid. Some assumptions were confirmed, including a positive effect of open procedures on the level of competition on the supply side as well as the dominant use of price criteria only. The latter case is probably often caused by low skills of workers at the contracting entities, as well as the lack of resources in public budgets. However, we have to reject the persistent legend of “undershooting” tender prices and subsequently increasing the final prices of public contracts. Increases of final prices are very limited. Based on the results of the analyses presented, we argue that the main problem of the Czech public procurement market lies in a rather low competence of administrators who are not able to use non-price criteria more often.
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People care about their relative standing in the distribution of various goods and positions. This fact is increasingly discussed in heterodox economic circles because it challenges the view of a rational, self-interested individual as presented in mainstream economics. Nevertheless, more than their implications for economics, positional concerns imply important normative dimensions. There have been presumed to be a symptom of envy, reduce people’s happiness, and create problems of social interaction or economic inefficiencies. Individuals are, for instance, prone to pick states of the world that improve their relative standing, but worsen the absolute situation of everyone else, including themselves. This article offers a typology of the normative justifications for why institutions could be required to regulate positional concerns. The intent is to prove that some are more convincing than others, namely that invoking envy or subjective well-being is not fully satisfying for regulating positional concerns. More compelling reasons seem, in complement with efficiency, to be related to considerations for equality. In other words, if institutions could have strong reasons to pay attention to and regulate positional concerns, it would be in virtue of their impact on the social product and individuals’ conditions of living.
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The relationship between the public and private sectors in post-communist countries was shaped under different circumstances when compared to the old EU countries: ‘non-productive’ occupations like health care, education and social services, which form the core of the public sector, were disadvantaged under the communist regime. In this paper we address the question of how the public sector developed in terms of size and structure of employment and salary levels between 1989 and 2010 (in the long-term and in times of crisis) in the Czech Republic and how these changes can be explained. The trends which we have identified in the developments of public sector employment in the Czech Republic mirror the legacy of communism, the processes of transformation and privatization and the political preferences of the governments. We do not find many changes in overall public sector employment during the period of 1989–2010, except for the privatization of state-owned companies resulting from a strategy by government to prevent unemployment. The dynamics of wages in the public sector document the legacy of the communist past, when the salaries in non-productive sectors like education, health and social care were traditionally low relative to the productive branches. The resistance of public sector employees to their increasing disadvantage regarding salaries has been successful only to a limited extent. In the rare cases of highly specialized professional categories (like doctors) it was possible to profit from a specific bargaining position. These developments may be best explained by the protest avoidance strategy of the post-communist governments and the political business cycle in its short-term outlook. In the long-term, the drivers which boost the development of social services generally do play a role, contrary to political manipulation.
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A great part of public policies, explicitly or implicitly, involves responsibilities shared among different organizations such as departments, governmental spheres, ministries or private organizations. This fact makes policy implementation a fragmented process and evidences the need of coordination in the programs’ daily practice. However, despite the acknowledgment of the coordination problem by the literature, there is no consolidated framework able to effectively explain and prescribe the proper manner of program coordination yet. In this sense, the present paper seeks to discuss the coordination of policy implementation, identifying the different dimensions in which coordination is manifested in practice, on the one hand, and some conceptual aspects influencing its dynamics, on the other hand. To explore the practical dimensions, the analysis recognizes that coordination in the context of policy implementation may occur at different levels, from the interpersonal and intraorganizational to the interorganizational level. These levels are discussed as dimensions in which coordination is manifested in practical programs. Then, the article discusses two conceptual aspects that cut across the dimensions previously studied: interdependence and institutions. These aspects have a significant impact on the dynamics of coordination. As a result of the discussions developed, summary tables of key ideas/variables are presented that may be useful for those who deal with policy implementation in practice.
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The article deals with methodological challenges in conducting large-N surveys on policy work in central public administration. Based upon current work on the topic as well as the author’s experience with a large-N survey in the Czech Republic’s ministries, these challenges include: 1) definition of theoretical sample, 2) obtaining sample frame and support from the ministry, and 3) methods of sampling and data gathering. It is shown that traditional conceptions of a “policy analyst“ are not adequate for research design because a) this term does not include everyone who might be doing policy work, and b) in some countries there is simply no such job position. It is argued that: 1) there should be a closer connection between the theory of policy work and empirical surveys, especially in terms of clearer definition of theoretical population; 2) it would be useful to expand the operationalization of policy work in public administration to include all civil servants except those who work exclusively in the internal operations of the ministry; 3) researchers should be more transparent in describing their methodology (how the sample frame was constructed, how the units from the sample frame were chosen etc.); 4) researchers should better reflect potential weakness of research design (especially sampling bias); 5) more effort to estimate data quality should be made; 6) these surveys should be accompanied by qualitative in-depth studies. The appendix of the article provides detailed information about the methodology of the Czech Republic survey.
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Aesthetic considerations that are inherent in human beings, shape art and human life and display the requirement of art education. Individual who learn to see through art education, designs dreams and images that are constantly produced by his inner world and reflect it to the outer world via various methods , materials and aesthetics build up. In this context, he commits his dream to paper and shapes it with different techniques. At this stage, no matter what area of the student, the instructor has a very big responsibility for education purposes. One of the most important tasks of educating students is to direct student to be creative and make him free in the mean time.
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This study was designed to assess the general condition of Konya Necmettin Erbakan University Ahmet Keleşoğlu Education Faculty Music Education Departments Student's in individual instrument lessons. In harmony with the purpose of the study tables have been prepared and “percentage and frequency” accounts have been made by analyzing the data obtained statistically. Students of Ahmet Keleşoğlu Education Faculty Music Education Departments were chosen in order to build the universe of the study. As a result of the study, determined the students opinion for their general working status to individual instruments and suggestions have been made for it would benefit the area.
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This research was conducted to determine the student views on common elective music courses given in first grade in Nevşehir University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Faculty of Science and Literature, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Tourism Faculty, and Semra and Vefa Küçük College of Health in 2011-12 spring semester.In the result of the research, it was determined that students were mostly interested in common elective music course; that they believed that this course was necessary although it was a non-credit course and they stated that it should be a credit course. In addition, some suggestions were made in order to make common elective music course more efficient both in content and method by making it more widespread and by being supported by relevant units.
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Teaching programmes are planned to indicate the allocation of time for the defined content of lessons in order to reached the required achievements. The Anatolian fine arts high school, today it is known as fine arts and sport high school has changed their teaching programmes from time to time since its establishment in 1989-1990 teaching term. This study is aimed, to introduce the new violin teaching programme which has been developed in 2008-2009 and to examine the violin programme in detail according to the the views of violin teachers about its use and efficiency in violin teaching.
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This work has been prepared in order to provide introductive informatıon about changes, transformations and development of research approaches to the researchers who has stepped into the research process. It is aimed to explain the theoratical and practical systems of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Moreover, action research and reflective studies have been explained in the study which can be seen as higher rated research methodologies nowadays. The work also has looked at graduate thesis in our country and examples are given from the thesis if the qualitative approach has been used. It is interesting to see that only few thesis had used the qualitative approaches.
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The Challenges of Globalisation for Social Dialogue and for Social Citizenship. In the environment of democratic national states, systems of political as well as extra-political institutions have been developed to safeguard the civil status and to realise the civil role of citizens of these states. There is a system of democratic political, economic, social and other institutions enabling the participation of citizens in the content of authorisation evolving from the status of a citizen, and also of institutions enabling the participation of citizens in qualitative definition of this status. Above all, the citizens-voters - executing and at the same time legitimising the political power - are de facto legitimising also the fundaments of this alliance in a free election. The design of this alliance can also be influenced by groups of citizens organised in a form of variety of political as well as non-political (interest or civil) associations and organisations including institutions and actors of social partnership. The social functions of social partnership after World War II in Western (especially Western European) countries crossed the limits of an enterprise, of labour-legal and of employee-employer relations. Activities of social partners have gradually started to be focused more and more on getting involved in the processes of co-determining the shape of social policy, of economic and labour-legal issues on the macro level of the society, as well as on the shape of social meso-level, i.e. on the sphere of regional politics and regional development. The institutions of social partnership in the democratic states with socially-oriented market economy thus gained an important role not only as the institutions helping in the stabilisation of society, and in participation of associations of employers and employees in decision-making, but also a role of co-creators of social policy and labour-market policy. Thus, the social partnership has been contributing to the realisation and extension of social citizenship. At present, “traditional” social partners on all levels and in all spheres of participation are struggling for preserving their social functions and actual influence in contemporary environment as well as in the future united Europe. Globalisation, restructuring of production and labour force are bringing internal and external changes to the disadvantage of “traditional” social partners, especially trade unions. This fact is causing a weakening of their organisational and negotiating potential. Together with the weakening of trade unions also their traditional partner on the macro-level - the nation-state - is becoming weaker. The consequences of globalisation (especially the influence of multinational economic corporations) on one side and the consequences of the integration into multinational political and economic structures (including the corresponding co-ordination and regulation) on the other side are creating a new situation...
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Application of the Modernisation Theory at the Post-socialist Changes. The issue of societal modernization became one of the major subjects of the cooperating Slovak and Czech sociologists already in the 1960s being inspired by the incentives coming from the convergency theory. The industrial concept of modernization was of higher importance for Slovakia, while the post-industrial concepts were more vivid in the Czech Lands. After the normalization period and the ”velvet revolutions” 1989 appeared several international teams in the framework of which Slovak and Czech sociologists and other social scientists continued their cooperation in this field. Historical developments in the post-socialist countries in their early stages demonstrated clearly that positive institutional changes like democratization and marketization represent only first steps towards complex societal modernization. Even these processes had to be more cultivated themselves and their economic, political and social consequences had to be critically evaluated by using the criterion of complex improvements in all spheres of human life. This new situation required a new concept of modernization based on a broad concept of cultural changes in their interconnections with the changes in social systems as well as in the personality structures. Modernization had to be conceived as a complex historical process in which pro-modern, counter-modern and stagnation tendencies clash in the activities of people and institutions. Partial changes can be accepted as pro-modern only as a part of complex modernization. As in the post-socialist societies pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial cultural segments are intertwining, theoretical inspirations for solving their modernization problems have to be drawn from many streams of modernization theory: from its classical sources, Parsonian and post-Parsonian tradition as well from various variants of neo-modernism, especially from the reflexive modernization theory. Thus conceived modernization approach provides a serious base for analyses and evaluations of the historical processes of European post-socialist transformations in the framework of the Euro-Atlantic cultural while taking into account specificities of individual countries including the Slovak and Czech Republics. Sociológia 2002 Vol. 34 (No. 5: 411-422)
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The Civic Society in the Context of the Settlement Structures Development. The author chose the fourth chapter of the autobiography Slovensko na konci tisícročia (Slovakia at the End of the Millennium) by Róbert Roško as a mainspring to this article that deals with problems of restoration of the civic society. The chapter contains inspiring stimuli related to problems of the evolution of human settlements and their communities. The author summarised those stimuli into four comments. The first comment analyses the historical context of the settlement development and the civic society within the European area emphasising the Antique Greece and its polis that Romans adopted as a theoretical model and later improved in practice. Herein is mentioned social implication of the understanding of democracy that conduced to the decline and fall of the Roman Empire and to the decline of antique municipalities. The second comment is concerned with problems of the settlement communities and their municipality on the territory of medieval Slovakia. In that period the skeleton of current settlement scheme of Slovak territory was established and further developed in the course of the 17th and 18th century. Within this scheme, the dominance of approximately 200 settlements appeared to be noteworthy. Their communities also included some segments of citizenship. The third comment describes the development of the civic society on the territory of Slovakia in the first half of the 20th century – conditioned by agrarian and rural character of the region, but being a part of the developed democratic system of the Czechoslovak Republic. The fourth comment is of the widest comprehension. It addresses problem of imposition of civic society during the period of the communist experiment and its revitalisation after the year 1989. It analyses conditions of the settlement structure and its territorial communities and residuals of a utopian social engineering from the period of the communist experiment. It particularly concerns an idealised mathematical model by Walter Christaller (a spatial layout of settlements based on the departmental principle) that was modified and implemented in Czechoslovakia. The administrative merge of minor settlements into departmental settlements consolidated the centralism of communist regime and put remains of the civic society into liquidation. Many minor villages were indicated as villages without development and were adjudged to a decline. After the year 1989 the associated settlements became independent en masse with their self-government being restored and the village citizenship being revitalised. The present reform and modernisation of public administration is trying to solve the problem of the big proportion of minor rural settlements (up to 1000 habitants). In this comment the author also pays a considerable attention to the questions of citification and ruralisation from the aspect of the civic society development. The article
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