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Terminology as a scientific interdisciplinary discipline has experienced remarkable development in the last decades. One can distinguish cognitive terminology studies (“internal”) from those representing descriptive linguistic terminology (“external”). The latter are divided depending on the methods used to describe a given terminology. Romanian studies support both lexical and textual perspectives through the relationship between dictionaries and texts, with different results depending on the terminology studied.
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Traditional terminology studies the term as a concept, while modern linguistic terminology considers the term, from a semasiologic point of view, as a lexeme. Consequently, a contradiction arises between, on the one hand, the univocal semantic term, his mono reference, and terminological polysemia on the other hand. In this article, by taking the example of mathematics, we propose a solution to the above-mentioned “conflict” via discursive terminology, which gives a new interpretation to the results of lexical terminology. The meaning is associated with the conceptual property and each concept has a specific representation and a conceptual structure.
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The analysis starts from the premise of the differential partial behavior of terms in various types of economic discourse – scientific and environment related (in the economic press of wide circulation). Examples considered concern the preservation of the hard core of the specialized meaning and the conceptual-semantic effects triggered by contextual combinations in different types of texts.
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Until Dimitrie Cantemir, Romanian terminology from different fields had been in an incipient state of establishment, having been influenced largely by terminology systems from old Slavic (with small exception, of course, shown mainly in the literary variant from Moldova, which had experienced a certain Latin interaction through the Polish language, while the Muntenia variant had been under the influence of Bulgarian and Serbian). As someone familiar with classical languages (Greek and Latin), Dimitrie Cantemir came to the conclusion that the main source for developing scientific terminology are Greek, Latin and Neo-Latin languages, with his works Istoria ieroglifică and Divanul being conclusive in this train of thought.
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There are changes in all human fields of activity, and once these happen, lexical and semantic innovations appear. Specialized languages, over time, decant; specialists make a rigorous selection of terms necessary for their work, loanwords are adapted or assimilated, while rebarbative terms fall into desuetude. The current didactic parlance has borrowed from certain international and other specialized languages a series of loanwords that give it a modern aspect, yet which, in the initial phase of borrowing, frequently shows semantic and phonetic difficulties. English and French loanwords are especially problematic, as these are generally written differently than they are pronounced (“fortunate” cases such as grant, master or item are somewhat rarer). The paper shall discuss a series of current concepts from the field in question and their terminological equivalents.
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The question of colours has always concerned both humanists and scientists, being a social question as well, as people do not live alone but in society. The analysis of the special vocabulary demonstrates the importance of the chromatic terms used and defined in a different way than in the general vocabulary. The domain of chromatic terminology is less explored, that is the reason for the emergence of many translation and spelling problems. Colour terminology from the grammatical point of view is part of the class of the adjective, constituting from variable and invariable adjectives. The invariable adjective colour names are less numerous than the variable ones. Their number, insignificant in the older corpora, is growing in the modern language through more or less wide-spread neologisms. The greatest difficulties appear in using invariable adjectives denoting simple, mixed or nuanced colours. The paper inventories a number of difficult cases in the domain and also proposes solutions.
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Tourism used to represent mainly an opportunity to travel and have fun. Today it is defined as a socioeconomic phenomenon, and it has become one of the largest most profitable sectors of the economy, with a significant inventory of terminology. The speed with which it has spread and become international, together with an increasing development of the tourist industry, offers an instructive illustration of the linguistic evolution of the given domain, within which the general phenomena, such as word formation, the evolution of meanings, lexical borrowing, syntactic computation, the interference of registers, etc., are manifested.
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In the context of the relationship between language and terminology, the research proposes a concise analysis of the functions of the terminological metaphor by correlating it to the functions of the language (referential, denominative, denotative, etc.) and the field of cognitivism (the informational function). Other aspects of the research: the motivation of the terminological metaphor, the transparency of conceptualization, the coherence that the conceptual model confers to a given terminology/or a given field, etc. The application is accomplished by the study of the source field (the Greek and the Roman house/elements/principles/equivalence of attributes) and the target field (NA, Virology, and Rheumatology) from the medical terminology.
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The study proposes to define the status of the conceptual metaphor from a contrastive perspective. Shaping the scientific concepts in the base of a metaphorical model cannot be separated from the domain of logic. The conceptual metaphor has a cognitive function. Selecting the database for the transfer complies with the objective factors allowing a more efficient exploitation of the ontological, through generalisation/abstraction: the equivalences, the stability of rapports among the domains, the dependence of the “locutor” on the mental stereotypes, the tendency to reflect the traits of the phenomenon in conditions of conceptual transparency etc. The process of metaphorisation is not carried out at random, but respecting certain logical patterns.
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Literary translation is not just a simple transposal of a discourse from a language into another, it is a form of creation, an embodiment of intercultural dialogue. The translator involved in the translation of literary texts has to confront a multitude of decisions in the process of recreating a literary work in another language and culture. This paper aims at highlighting and analysing several aspects of translating a literary text into the target language, focusing on examples drawn from Herta Müller’s novel entitled Herztier, its translation into Romanian by Nora Iuga – Animalul inimii – and into Hungarian by Nádori Lídia – Szívjószág.
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As a German-born princess and the first Romanian queen, Carmen Sylva – as she was known under her literary pseudonym – is a cultural link between German culture and the still-maturing Romanian one. As such, Carmen Sylva’s literary work is of course extremely important and her work as a translator must, by all means, be mentioned. This work aims to analyze Carmen Sylva as a translator – of mostly Romanian folk poetry – and to correctly categorize her literary work, especially since she wrote in the stormy literary era at the turn of the century – also known as Fin de siècle or Decadence.
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The present article intends to shed light upon certain aspects regarding the literary translation from Romanian into English, focusing upon the issues implied by the intercultural and interlinguistic transfer of those terms that preserve the local and national atmosphere, thus constituting the specific of a language, the so-called ‘culture specific elements,’ CSEs.
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The aim of the present research is organizing and performing a comprehensive and comparative survey among different groups of students learning English as foreign language at different level and through different methods. Our objective is to monitor the effects of an alternative teaching method- in our case educational drama-, to observe its effect on students’ achievement, their self-knowledge, communication and emotional intelligence.
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