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Terrorism started, with organizations like Al-Qaeda, to cross the borders of the states in which they fought their war and made the people from all over the world to fell insecure and threatened by terrorist attacks. The global war on terror which the United States and it’s allies began, especially the methods they used, regarding the prisoners was put into question by human rights organizations and world media. We participated and are still taking part in the global war against terror. We generally see those who fight for their own causes as being terrorists but the question that emerges is “Are they really terrorists?” The answer is hard to discover but we must take into account that these people in the opinion of the masses which support them are the freedom fighters to whom they can look up to and can realize their dreams of independence, social justice or whatever goal their fighting for. Somehow in this war we must find a way to cover the gap between the lack of ethics on the side of the terrorists and on our side because the methods that the democracies are forced to use against them can sometimes lead to disaster. So is their a line we can draw between a just ethics of terrorism or not? Can we still make the difference between the just ethics of Islam and the ethics of fundamentalists? Should we view Muslims as potential terrorists?
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The rise of China to superpower status with the Cold War end has placed Chinese security interests at the forefront of global policy. For military analyst, the fundamental level of explaination is the armed forces - impressive by number and technical equipment. For security analyst, fundamental theme is found into the analysis of economic and political support behind the Chinese military power. But little has been addressed the relationship between centers of strategic and security thinking (think-tanks) and Chinese security policies. What is the mission, structure and material and intellectual capacity of these think-tanks? What is their institutional subordination, and how much freedom of thought can say in an authoritarian political system? What is their influential capacity on policy makers and how much of their security policy proposals become reality? These questions were formulated and for them try this articole to get some answers.
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Since the beginning of mankind’s existence on Earth, people have depended in a great deal on the surrounding environment for providing their basic but essential means for survival. Even to this day, after thousands of years of social and practical evolution, including forms of government and the industrial and technological innovations, we still rely heavily on the natural environment for obtaining the basic elements needed to build, develop and maintain the functions necessary for the survival of the modern day society. One growing aspect of this modern society is tourism and although the economy of a state is not usually based on this domain, it can widely contribute to the prosperity of a nation and even help develop stronger relations between states, thus helping to obtain not only national but also regional security. But, in order to achieve the best results from this domain, both for the prosperity and the health of the people and of the natural environment, the best way is to promote ecotourism as much as possible, using also sustainable development methods for its development.
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Sustainability involves developing places popular with tourists while conserving and preserving them. Combining touristic activities with other types of activities implies long-term planning for the greatest number rather than short-term development for a happy few. Moreover, the side effects entailed by such activities should be taken into account and dealt with
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The contact between the Islamic and Western civilizations appears like a confrontation in which Islam acts as a source for a parochial, anti-modernist identity, a collective agent whose tendencies towards violent actions and traditionalism makes religion an unyielding enemy of pluralism and globalization, becoming a defiant opponent of Western civilization. Especially as in the 20th century, Westernization did not have the expected results. Modernism did not manage to impose itself in Muslim states, because of religious conservatism and the underdevelopment generated by Western colonialism, as well as the resilience in power of local autarchic and dictatorial elites.
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This article provides an historical reflection on the central purpose of U.S. public diplomacy such national security instrument and demonstrates that U.S. public diplomacy has been principally an ad hoc instrument of American foreign policy to meet wartime exigencies and has been underscored by the promotion of American values of democracy and freedom. Over the years, it has expanded to encompass multiple modes of engagement, while at the same time there has been constant tension concerning the role of public diplomacy as a strategic, policy function versus merely as a "mouthpiece" within the foreign affairs apparatus. All of these themes continue to reverberate in the contemporary practice of American public diplomacy.
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After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, in December 1991, the democracy has developed slowly in Russia. Vladimir Putin made permanent the sovereign democracy, removing Russia from liberal democracy in the near future. It is known that the states that are considered advanced democracies have abolished war between them. There are some specialists in the study of democracy who are concerned about political developments in Russia and they ask if Russia can follow a trail to a dictatorial regime. The Western states look carefully to political developments in Russia, considering that moving towards a dictatorship would decisively influence to overall security environment.
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Rising unemployment, increasing poverty, more marginalized young people and a growing number of senior citizens – these are just some of the social challenges that the European Union will be facing in the future, challenges that have been hardly aggravated by the current economic crisis. In this context, the promotion of social innovation and social entrepreneurship seems to be a new and effective way to address these problems. Not through a reduction in public tasks and core services, but through new frameworks and solutions that mobilize already existing resources in the local communities. This article first provides an overview of the problems the European Union is currently confronting with as a consequence of the economic crisis. Secondly, it frames the discussion about the changes and perspectives of social innovation around the core political initiatives brought about the European Commission to reform the European Social Model. Nonetheless, it stresses the importance of the Europe 2020 strategy and the need to forcefully implement it including through more social investment, social innovation and social economy.
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Telling truth is deeply rooted in many cultures and religions in the world. It is also an essential dimension of democratic way of governing. If the ultimate purpose of intelligence product is presenting the truth to political key people, an integrity and objectivity are the most important characteristics of an intelligence professional beside bravery to present the truth, even when it is undersirable. This bravery is, certainly, especially necessary in absolutistic and dictatorship systems, where the truth can cost an intelligence officer his life, freedom of, in a best-case scenario, a career
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On April, 1943, after the reorganization of the Soviet Intelligence and Security Services was created the SMERSH Counter Information and repression organs in the Soviet Army, Soviet Military Maritime Fleet and the organs of the Internal Affairs. At the end of March 1944, the soviet troops reoccupied Northern Bukovina and till August 23, 1944, as a result of capitulation of Romania, the rest of Bessarabian territory was reconquered. At the same time with the Soviet Army operative units the security structures came back to Bessarabia. The firstly arrived structure was SMERSH organs of the military units and the SMERSH Counter Information Office of the Moldavian SSR NKVD which was represented by the SMERSH offices of the NKVD departments from Bălţi, Bender (Tighina), Cahul, Chişinău, Soroca, Orhei districts and the Tiraspol city department. The basic mission of the SMERSH Counter Information Office of the Moldavian SSR NKVD was to eliminate the hostile elements from the Internal Affairs Organs. The mission was difficult because the majority of the staff was recruited from that territory which was under “ocuppation”.
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