Legal Wounds: The Meaning of Human Rights for Lesbians and Gay Men in Russia. Summary
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The article examines the emergence of waste as an industrial category in the context of contemporary indigenous Sami reindeer pastoralism and slaughter in northern Norway. In recent decades, commercially available substitutes and the industrial reorganization of slaughter have displaced traditional methods of extraction and utilization. As a result, the slaughtered reindeer body has been reorganized within new regimes of waste and waste management. Focusing on the relationship between disposal and harm, the first half of the article explores some of the reorientations involved in this transition. The second half links the emergence of industrial waste, as the worthless surplus of an anonymous carcass, to the formation of a disposable surplus at the populational level. Is there a link between the anonymous disposability of reindeer parts, constituted as the worthless waste of industrial modernity, and the anonymous disposability of living reindeer constituted within state biopolitics? In English, extended summary in Russian.
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Using the analytical model and the categories of the American radical political economy as the starting point, the author analyses the dynamics of the economic changes in Croatia in the 1990s. Particularly significant for the understanding of that dynamics is one of its dimensions that the author, in line with classical political economy, calls the “moral economy of transition”. The basic institutional and social structure of the accumulation in Croatian economy of the 1990s was marked by state populism, clientelism and cronyism, the result of the HDZ’s model of “national capitalism” i.e. a specific collusion of the economic policy and the privatization. That model failed to address the major problems of development or to secure a satisfactory rate of economic growth. That is why the political-economic balance of Croatia’s first transitional decade is negative. The author concludes that the second decade requires a new political-economic model, one that will overcome the challenges facing the Croatian society: economic development, increased productivity, smaller government, reconciling the imperative of accumulation and the democratic legitimacy and the restoration of moral economy and trust.
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The author looks into Buchanan’s contribution to the contemporary political economy. His starting point is that Buchanan’s concept of economy as exchange links political science and economics, showing that this is feasible, since Buchanan has rejected the theory of allocation, a standard in economics, and promoted the market theory based on exchange. The theory of allocation is dubious for Buchanan since it reduces the subject of economics to a set of problems and not to a characteristic form of human activity. That is why he uses the concept of simbiotics, meaning the attitude based on the study of links among various actors that are beneficial for all. Buchanan’s basic concept evolved and was shaped in the 1980s in the form of the constitutional political economy. Constitutional political economy is an attempt to explain the possibilities of different legal-constitutional rules that determine the basic framework for selecting the economic and political actors. The author claims that for political science particularly important is the fact that Buchanan defines this type of political economy as a redux of the political in economics. In this way on the one hand it became questionable in economics as a discipline, and on the other more acceptable for political science. However, the fact that Buchanan’s work transcends the rigid boundaries of social disciplines does not mean that he unreservedly paves the way for political science. On the contrary, Buchanan is pursuing such a fundamental revision of the rigid boundaries among disciplines in social sciences that it may challenge the present status of political science.
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Due to their professional selectiveness and the standardized processing, commercial databases are a valuable source of scientific information. This paper describes the rationale behind their emergence and evolution in the sense of technological and content changes that the on-line databases have gone through in their forty-year existence. On today’s market there are hosts that offer a plethora of databases. In the Croatian academic community the access is provided via NSK and CARNet. The article lists the examples of surfing on major on-line databases available in the web form (EMERALD, CSA and EBSCO) as the relevant electronic sources of information from the field of social sciences/humanities.
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The citizenship principle is again in. Citizenship is defined by status, identity, virtues and the ideal of social cohesion. Citizens are viewed as subjects, clients and participants. The text describes the dilemmas about the various dimensions of citizenship. Contemporary adult education as part of lifetime education is closely linked to the citizenship principle, particularly active citizenship. In its various forms it aids in establishing active citizenship and is altered in the process.
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The article brings the results of a research of the structure of the civil society in Croatia. This structure was analyzed by means of the following indicators: the number of the organizations of the civil society; the membership in these organizations; the range of the organizations of the civil society; the composition of the civil society; and the resources of the civil society. In the 1990s in Croatia the number of the civil society organizations increased greatly. They are relatively short in broader membership; also, in the 1990s the active membership shrank. The organization of the civil society can mostly be found in big cities. Insufficient networking and a certain dose of political divisions of these organizations diminish its developmental potential. Foreign organizations and their financial support played a major part in profiling the structure of the civil society. The relatively modest human resources reduce the partnership position of these organizations. The structure of these organizations can be compared to other transitional countries. The war and the humanitarian crisis particularly affected the profiling of the structure of the civil society in Croatia.
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The article brings up the basic issues of comparative public policy, a separate research orientation in the contemporary political science. First, the principal works that have defined this research discipline are looked into. The contributions of two subdisciplines of the contemporary political science – public policy and political economy – are highlighted. The second part of the article investigates the fundamental methodological issues, synthesized into two basic dilemmas: what should be understood under the term government activity and how it is possible to measure this performance. The author is of the opinion that most works from the field of comparative public policy are largely devoted to the comparison of governments’ financial activities which are the easiest to measure due to a broad accessibility of the data on public expenditure, public sector growth, unemployment and alike. Referring to the Canadian author Louis Imbeau, the author stresses the need for a broader understanding of comparative public policy that would include those comparisons that do not exclusively rely on governments’ financial activities.
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After the first elections for the Federal parliament (Bundestag) of the unified Germany in December of 1990, one new party got into the Bundestag: the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS). This party is the successor party of the United Socialist Party of Germany (SED), the ruling communist party in East Germany. PDS is still represented in the Bundestag; it has representatives in all länder parliaments of the eastern German regions, and is the third strongest party. In some eastern German towns it is even the strongest party. In order to explain PDS’ excellent electoral results and its political clout, the author analyses the party’s ideological/programmatic goals as well as the social conflicts it articulates in the German party system. PDS represents the anti-western social milieu, which includes 20% of the population of eastern Germany. Although PDS has been trying to shed its communist legacy, its attitude towards the elements of the liberal/democratic regime has remained ambivalent since its members and voters demonstrate a significant antidemocratic potential.
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In the light of the dramatic events in the Serbian political society, the author looks into the most fundamental question of the political theory of constitutionalism: in which way a revolution may reach its apogee in a viable form of constitutional government. The liberal revolution in Serbia enabled the collective identity to be redefined on the basis of constitutional patriotism. The author thinks that constitutional patriotism may be a good basis for a reconstruction of the political regime beyond the nation-state.
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Propadanje mestnih središč in izgubljanje njihove stanovanjske funkcije sta najbolj pereča problema evropskih zgodovinskih mest. Rešitev je nedvomno v prenovi degradiranih območij znotraj mestnih središč in izboljšanju kakovosti življenja v njih. Te probleme bi mesta lahko uspešneje reševala, če bi pozorno in kontinuirano spremljala stanje v prostoru in sproti identificirala tista območja, na katerih je potreba po prenovi najnujnejša, in tiste probleme, ki jih je treba najprej reševati. Kot orodje za sistematično spremljanje stanja v prostoru smo na Urbanističnem inštitutu v sklopu več projektov, razvili računalniško podprto metodologijo, ki omogoča evidentiranje in vrednotenje prioritetnih območij prenove.
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