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The guild mason was the creator of a group of about ten similar to each other churches built in the area between the Vistula and the Bug River. This paper provides an overview of the state of research on his work and its analysis and a polemic with earlier view, regarding him as an executor of architectural projects by Jan Michał Link. Churches bulit by Lenartowicz are characteristic due to a simple composition of floor plan, decorative composition of shapes and unusual elaboration of the architectural decoration, implemented entirely in brick and plaster.
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Podhorce is a country village dating back to at least 15th century. The first written record comes from 1409 when Mikołaj from Podhorzec was one of the benefactors of church furnishings in the nearby church in Grodek. Originally the village was located in the Duchy of Belz and in 1462 the Duchy with all the villages got incorporated into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. After the first partition of Poland, Podhorce was annexed by the Habsburg empire, then it became part of the Duchy of Poland and following the joint resolutuions of the Congress of Vienna it was given to Russian Empire. At present, Podhorce belongs to Jarczów gmina (commune) in the poviat of Tomaszów in Lubelskie province. Due to the fact that at the time of the present research Podhorce was mostly inhabited by Russian people, there was an Orthodox parish, which became a Greek Catholic parish after the Union of Brest. The first written record about the Orthodox church comes from 1533, whereas the functioning of the Uniate parish is confirmed at the beginning of 17th century. Throughout its existence, the parish belonged the Deanery of Tyszowce and Tomaszów. Having analyzed post-visitation protocols, it might be deduced that it was a wooden church poorly equipped with ecclesiastical utensils. There was also a bell tower and a cemetery by the church. It has been determined a paroch (parish priest) had some arable land as well as grassland at his disposal to support himself, furthermore, he collected various ecclesiastical fees from his parishioners. For the period of time this research is focused on, personal information of 4 parochs as well as the approximate number of parishioners that varied between 25 and 100 has been established. The Uniate parish in this village functioned until the end of 18th century when it was relegated to a branch church and incorporated into the parish in Typin.
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The article deals with the analysis of the sociocultural changes in the Belarusian society in the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century, when Belarus stood at the crossroads of the different civilizations and cultures. The author pays special attention to the processes of the widening of literacy among the Belarusians, formation of the intellectual elites and premises of the ethnocultural emancipation of the Belarusians in the conditions when the society had just taken first steps from the traditional culture towards modernity. The special features that distinguish the development of the mentioned processes on the territory of Belarus were emphasized.
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Akademickie Koło Kresowe existed for 17 years (1922-1939) as an organization for students coming from Kresy (Eastern Borderlands of Poland), studying at Krakow’s universities (in the years 1922-1923 and 1933-1939 Association functioned as an institution gathering only the academic community of the Jagiellonian University, and in the years 1923-1933 and 1939 as an intercollegiate organization). The organization had more than 750 students for the period of its existence. They found here a help (accommodation, meals, grants and loans), a forum for exchanging ideas (mainly in the context of the situation of Kresy in a past and currently), a place of entertainment social (balls, fun, holidays, mountain tours), and even a substitute for the family (long friendships, marriages). Among the famous members of the Association should be mentioned such a person as: father Władysław Bukowiński, prof. Karol Górski, journalist Ksawery Pruszyński, painter Józef Czapski and many others. This article tries on the basis of Jagiellonian University Archive’s records to reconstruct the history of the organization, its ideological assumptions, structure, financial situation and fields of activity. In the end, it tries to answer the question of what importance were Kresy in later life of members of the Association and how they perceive Kresy.
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In the article the author analyzes the way of thinking of NGO’s representatives on transmission of the memory of the lost eastern borderlands of the Second Republic of Poland (called Kresy) in contemporary social and cultural conditions. Basing on interviews with acti vists from three different generations the author presents social division of mnemonic labor of Kresy – roles played by people from different generations, their motivations, emotional attitudes and their diagnosis of the process of memory transmission and its social and individual aspects.
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Committee for Prevention of Torture members, Russian and foreign journalists attacked at Chechnya-Ingushetia border.
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Baltic republic regrets ban on drug invented by a Latvian: its use has hurt Maria Sharapova’s career.
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Ukrainian pilot’s trial in Russia described as ‘farce’ by the EU, and a US diplomat.
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Demons from Croatia’s past keep popping up at the most inopportune times, as the government is learning to its dismay.By TOL
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Palestine officials probing mysterious death of Israel prison escapee Omar Nayef Zayed.
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German documentary gives new evidence of Russian athletes and coaches violating IAAF and WADA regulations.
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Were ‘Taliban’ fighters crossing the Afghan border terrorists, drug smugglers, or both?
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The author locates her reflection within the anthropological linguistics current which refers to the cognitive approach to language. She analyses lexemes having the same source: "miasto" (city) and "miejsce" (place) which appeared in the Old Polish language (till the 16th century). The semasiological and onomasiological analyses of linguistic material excerpted from etymological and historical dictionaries of Polish language present the reciprocal relations in the conceptualisation of the notions MIASTO (city) and MIEJSCE (place) from the panchronic perspective.
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Seeing sets our place in the surrounding world about which the ubiquitous screens convince a modern inhabitant: LED displays, monitors of the video games, cash machines, MP4 players etc. Located in the iconosphere of a town, the screens constitute a new space causing "loss of a place and projection". A screen image is an alternative text to the first reality and it is simulated, received more tangibly than visually which causes a new sense of space, based not on the territory but on the community in the picture transmission. A screen ceases to engage a passer-by and becomes an indication of a non-place which Marc Augé characterises through: the exchange of the place for anthropological space, uncertainty of the materialisation of space and the primacy of vision over the experience of space. Non-places do not create identity or relations, but only similarity and loneliness. The plane of the "meeting" is the consumerism attitude, and an identity based on a continuous consumption might be called transparent.
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The essay is built around a basic architectonic pattern: that of battlements, alternating cubicles of stone and void. This image is treated as a synecdoche of the city, understood here not as a permanent settlement, but rather, paradoxically, as an empty space that is cyclically occupied by the nomads. The paradigmatic occupation by the newcomers can be found not only in Kafka, but also in Michał Paweł Markowski's book on travel, Dzień na ziemi. On the other hand, the notion of "critical nomadism" is taken from the Machinic Eros, a recent anthology of Guattari's writings on Japan. The problem of occupying space returns in his poem on a butoh dancer, published in this volume. Finally, the interconnection of nomadism and travel is traced back to the 7th century Arabian poet, Ka'b ibn Zuhayr, and his qasida Banat Su'ad. The battlements, architectonic element exploited in the building of Kirin Plaza in Osaka that Guattari compares with the medieval tower in Bologna, illustrates the problem of cyclophrenic rhythms of full and void, mass and empty form, as well as the experience of jet-lag, temporal suspension between 'too early' and 'too late' that is sought after not only by the postmodern tourist, but also by the Bedouin erotic subject, in love with a footprint: an arousing sign of bodily absence.
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The city is a creation, which since ancient times mobilizes political and material productive forces of humans, as well as their imagination. Today, this potential is developed by various images of a technological city of the future, as the built from the ground, eco-city of Masdar. The narrative built around this city significantly exceeds the regional dimension, becoming the new universal figure of the dream about an ideal town. Simultaneously, the vision of Masdar as the "city of the future" is composed mainly of technological and economic elements, and as such, it distances itself from the imaginary dimension of the city, described by Lewis Mumford with the concept of "city-theater". Analysis of the "dramatic energy" inscribed to urban centers by the writer, will highlight possible weak points of the reflections circled around circled around the futuristic concept of Masdar.
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Experiencing Education: Challenges and triumphs in the post-Communist world is a compilationof articles from Transitions Online (TOL), with an introduction by Piroska Hugyecz, an Information Officerof OSI Education Support Program. The present collection is a detailed analysis of education system over thepast six years in Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia, with a focus on social issues, integration efforts andminorities.
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