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The aim of the article is to present the events of the Arab Spring from the point of view of a non-Arab ethnic minority. The analysis concerns Berbers – the indigenous people of North Africa, who have been asserting their cultural distinctiveness since the beginning of the 20th century. Given the wide dispersion of the Berber population in North Africa, the analysis was limited to two countries of the region: Tunisia and Libya. The choice of these countries is determined not only by the scale of the political changes that took place there after 2011 but also by the insufficient number of academic papers on the issues discussed. The analysis focuses on the presentation of the situation of the Berber minority in both countries before 2011 and of the participation of ethnic minorities in the political changes that took place after the Arab Spring.
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Social relations play an important role in the development of humanity (these are varied, multiform and anchored on several planes) they have a positive influence on local communities. A special case of social relations are the interpersonal relationships that, in the view of Professor Mielu Zlate are those psychological, conscious, and direct human relations. When we refer to a smaller community (a class of students), interpersonal relationships are essential because pupils, in the context of school life, do not live isolated but in a social engagement where their affective life, intellectual and professional activity take place inside and in interdependence with the surrounding socio-school environment. These interpersonal relationships in the class of students can be classified according to the needs criterion and psychological needs of students when they relate to each other and can be of several kinds: intercultural communication, intercommunication, socio-emotional and influence. Relationships are established at the level of a class among students and teachers and are influenced by several factors: the personality of each person, the positive or negative influence the teacher has on the student, the way a teacher assesses his / her students, the authority The teacher, etc. The aim of this work is to highlight the role and influence of social relations in the existence and development of humanity. More specifically, we will analyze the types of relationships that can arise within a class, what are the factors that influence them and what influence the teachers have on student development.
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Xi, Mirziyoyev also find common ground on the fight against the Three Evil Forces.
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Government says Serbian nationalists backed by Russia planned to overthrow pro-NATO government.
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Roads are substantially safer in the EU than they were 15 years ago, but the west-east divide is not closing.
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A thorough account of the killings of Ukrainian nationalists by the KGB brings up parallels between the Russia of the 1950s and today.
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Corruption crackdowns have tended to fizzle out in Ukraine. Will this one be any different?
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Western Europe should envy our economy, spokesman says. But is the Polish model exportable?
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A deputy premier who has described Roma as "ferocious humanoids" is to head a body charged with finding ways to end ethnic discrimination.
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In the North Caucasus there has been established two layers of socio-cultural life. Thefirst layer is external, it formally introduces the society in the state ideological andeconomic system. The other – the internal one – embraces traditional structures liketukhums, teyps, wirds etc.,is stable over the centuries and exists independently from thefirst layer. It is the real source of spiritual and ethnic identification of Caucasianpeoples. The structure of traditional mountain societies, which has been disturbed underthe Soviet influence, today often leads to nepotism and corruption in the administration,especially on the lower levels. There is a hierarchy of candidates, which is based on therelationships within “tukhums” and “teyps”. Also there is the opportunity to “purchase”certain electoral activities (signatures of support, votes during the election process). Theinternal structure of North Caucasus societies differs from each other, in every republicthere are their own ethnic peculiarities, clan relationships often have an impact not onlyon the formation of elites in the republics, but also on the continuous rivalries betweenethnic clans for power and economic influences. Important are the unwritten agreementsbetween the most influential clans, which have support from their own communities(mostly in the regions from which they came). It is mostly explicit in multi-ethnicrepublics like Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia.
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The article discusses the issue of internal conflicts in contemporary Burma (Myanmar).The author is putting forward the idea that for most of its independent years (since1948), Burma has been involved in one of the world’s longest-running civil wars. Manyethnic groups including Karens, Kachins, Shans, Karennis, Chins and Mons have beenwaging separate wars for more than 60 years. Initial ceasefire agreements have beensigned in 2011-2013. However fighting is still on-going in many areas and peacecontinues to remain elusive. Actually the Rohingya people (Burmese muslims) are one ofthe most persecuted minorities in the world. In 2012 two waves of violence eruptedbetween the Rohingya and Buddhist Rakhine resulting in mass killings and torture.
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In 1975 Cambodia's pro-American government of general Lon Nol was overthrown, andthe power was took over by a marxist guerilla called Khmer Rouge. As a result ofupheaval, the cities' dwellers were exiled to the countryside to begin a new life inconsonance with the conception of self-sufficiency and moral revival. Eventually,communist regime of Pol Pot contributed to the death of millions of Cambodians whowere subjected to political killings and suffered from diseases, widespread hunger andslave labor. Despite implementation of the isolationist doctrine, even such reclusivecountry conducted its own foreign policy and maintained contacts with the outsideworld. This article is related to the question of international relations of DemocraticKampuchea between 1975 and 1979. The paper is mainly concerned with relationsbetween Cambodia and the group of particular countries which include the mostimportant state actors in the region of South-East Asia, the closest allies of Pol Pot'sregime and significant third states.
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The articles included in this issue deal with a number of countries, including Malaysia, the Netherlands, Sweden, the Philippines, India, China, Mexico and Tanzania. They look at the issues of brain-drain and behavioural approach (Ramoo et al.); multi-professional collaboration in promoting migrant integration (Vanhanen and Heikkila); the distribution of income gains in labour market migration (Korpi et al.); labour market gaps between migrants and natives (Mala et al.) and at how demographic forecasts can be improved in predicting migration changes (Wilson). These different topics reflect the diversity of issues at stake in the current international migration systems. They also show how migrants put forth their own strategies to deal with marginalization that include the creation of ‘home’ through gendered memory and narrative sharing (Zulueta), the articulation of co-development in the growing diasporization of communities (Tigau et al.), and gender and youth dynamics in internal migrations (Todd et al.).
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By modelling the distribution of percentage income gains for movers in Sweden, using multinomial logistic regression, this paper shows that those receiving large pecuniary returns from migration are primarily those moving to the larger metropolitan areas and those with higher education, and that there is much more variability in income gains than what is often assumed in models of average gains to migration. This suggests that human capital models of internal migration often overemphasize the job and income motive for moving, and fail to explore where and when human capital motivated migration occurs.
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Migration remains a central concern in urbanisation, especially in Africa. With mobility, and migration, articulated as norms of the twenty-first century this paper introduces a focus on trending realities. The paper describes the migration to and from the rural hinterland of a medium-sized African city in Tanzania. By asking questions on migration trends within livelihoods, this project identifies the emerging demographic patterns, and geographies, within Tanzania. Analysis was carried out on a Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) database. The HDSS site data provides an overview of population movement in, out, and within, Kisesa, Tanzania. The results raise discussion concerning what mobility means and the connections between migration and urbanisation. The results raise two key points. Certain factors increase the �risk� of migration: age, sex, place of residence, and being able to migrate individually. These risk factors as interconnected. Results highlight the need for a gender and age sensitive approach with feminising, and youthful, migration trends identified. Secondly, migration is not necessarily rural-urban, but rather increasingly involve local movements within the Kisesa ward and circular mobilities�.
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The author of the article analyses the transformations of the category of masculinity in social realist literature. For Stalinism a negative point of reference in the fight over a new model of masculinity was war and an image of young, brave soldiers of the Home Army, associated with the tradition of the Second Polish Republic. The attempts were made to juxtapose this model with a new type of masculinity founded on the idea of physical work on the reconstruction of the country, an image of a heroic soldier of the Red Army and the Secret Police functionaries. In the 1960s and 1970s the authors of militia fiction and the works belonging to the so‑called military patriotism referred to this Stalinist concept of masculinity.
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