Andrzej de Lazari, Oleg Riabow, Magdalena Żakowska: Europa i Niedźwiedź
Review on a book devoted to the stereotype of Russa abroad. The symbol of Russian bear is discussed in various aspects.
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Review on a book devoted to the stereotype of Russa abroad. The symbol of Russian bear is discussed in various aspects.
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The purpose of the article is to define the etymology and content of the notion of "budget management" on the basis of a critical analysis of scientific thought regarding the interpretation of the essence of the concept under consideration, taking into account the internal content of the definitions "budget" and "management", their interrelations and morphological decomposition. The generalization of existing approaches to the definition of the essence of the concept of "budget management" made it possible to ascertain its complex etymological structure, since disclosure of its content is possible only on the basis of taking into account the categorical nature of the definitions of "budget" and "management". The generalization and systematization of the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the definition of the essence of economic categories "budget" and "management", as well as a critical analysis of scientific thought by definition of the definition of "budget management" allowed offering the author's interpretation of the concept of "budget management". Budget management is the organization of management of the budgetary process based on the principles, methods, levers, tools of organizational and administrative activities of public authorities and / or local government aimed at ensuring sustainable economic development at all levels of the economic system and proper performance by the state of its tasks and Functions. Budget management is a dynamic scientific and practical system that is multifaceted in terms of the content and conditions of the organization (since it covers all stages of the budget process: drawing up, reviewing, approving, executing budgets, reporting on their implementation, and monitoring compliance with budget laws), which is transformed into Influence of changes in economic conditions and is focused on ensuring macroeconomic balance, increasing efficiency and transparency in managing budgetary processes. It was substantiated that taking into account the theoretical orientation of this study, further development should be aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the budget management system in modern conditions.
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The objective of the article is to study the current state and problems of the innovation activity of enterprises and organizations in the region, to generalize the received information for the development and implementation of measures for qualitative reform and increase of the region's economy efficiency, ensuring of its development on an innovative basis.Summarizing the main economic processes in Kirovograd region and the results of the survey of innovation development of region enterprises state, it is necessary to note the unsatisfactory development of industry innovation activity, the results indicate that in the conditions of legislation instability, low investment rating of Kirovograd region, lack of financial and investment fund and tense relations with individual countries, there is a risk of lowering business investment activity in the region.This is facilitated by the decline in solvent demand for scientific technical products by the state and the business sector, the deterioration of scientific personnel qualitative characteristics and the material technical base of the research and a number of equally important factors.At the same time, Kirovograd region has significant potential for the innovation activity development under conditions of effective state and regional policy. However, despite the high innovation potential, the innovative component of the economic development of the region is poorly used.In order to create a system that will ensure effective innovation development, it is necessary to develop an innovation-investment strategy that would provide resource support for the subjects of the region's economic activity, the development of which takes place under conditions of constant negative change of internal and external factors.
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The purpose of writing of the article is an exposure of the most ponderable factors of development of inflationary processes in Ukraine for period of independence.The features of inflation in the Ukrainian economy. Are specific factors of inflation in the period of independence. Defined socio-economic effects of inflation in Ukraine.Inflation rate in Ukraine is very unstable and can vary dramatically. The consequences of inflation is an increase in the level of corruption and shadow Ukrainian economy, the weakness and corruption of the judicial system, the close interweaving of political and business interests, most of this is reflected in people's purchasing power, inflation leads to a devaluation of savings
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The matter of EU enlargement to the Western Balkans has become overshadowed by pressing issues such as Brexit, the rise of the radical right and international terrorism. Notwithstanding the pressure to address these issues accordingly, increasing tensions and ethnic outbursts across the Western Balkan region are reason enough for the European Union to devote significant attention to accession talks. This article addresses the Western Balkan countries’ Europeanization process with consideration of Russia as an external actor. By assessing the candidate countries’ progress amid EU negotiations, the article suggests that the countries’ bilateral ties with Russia have an impact on the Europeanization process which is particularly visible in Chapter 31 Foreign, security, and defence policy of the acquis communautaire. The broader geopolitical framework that comprises the multifaceted relationship between the EU and Russia is crucial for understanding the dynamics of EU-Western Balkans-Russia triangle.
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The article is a theoretical study of legal strategies introduced in states under political transformation (post-communist states in Europe, Australia, South Africa) to deal with the effects of former political regimes. As the author argues, opening a discussion concerning the evils of former regimes is important for raising public engagement in building a new state of law. Legal retribution expresses the public contempt for committed crimes and reasserts the existence of public norms. However, following the arguments of Judith Shklar and Niklas Luhmann, the author warns against the inner limitations of legal instruments in defining the space of social and moral relationships. An antidote against the possible political instrumentalization of law and the dominance of legal regulations in public sphere should be found therefore in independent historical research and cultural debate that seeks for a deeper understanding of the past.
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The text is a reflection on the lustration law of 2007, which imposed an obligation of submitting lustration statements on people whose professions involved significant public responsibility. Academic professors, along with journalists, or lawyers were subject to this obligation. The article, which was in the most part written in the course of these events in 2007, is a document of moral dilemmas brought by the lustration law. By posing the general question “What should I do” in the face of such state-imposed obligation, it considers a series of opposite arguments concerning the validity of this law and the reasons to submit to it, or to reject it in an act of civil disobedience.
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The article describes a response from academic communities – both collegial bodies and individuals – to so-called lustration bill. Opponents and supporters of the lustration bill present both formal and legal arguments, and moral ones. The aim of the article is to an adequate depiction of the response from academic communities to the lustration bill.
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Singapore, the small city-state located in the South-Eastern Asia, has been experiencing heavy political shifts since the end of World War II. These transformations made it a country with one of the best-developed economies worldwide. This paper aims to analyse the political changes taking place in Singapore in the second half of the 20th century in the context of factors determining the economic success of that state. It discusses the transformations and key political events shaping modern Singapore, its economy and social model. The objective was achieved with the use of data from international reports and indices developed by the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Singapore Department of Statistics. The materials collected allowed for a comparative analysis of Singapore and other countries in South-Eastern Asia. The authors carried out a SWOT analysis providing a synthetic overview of the analyses performed.
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Russia and Turkey are among the most important geopolitical players of Eurasia, the grand chessboard of international relations, and both countries with their military and economic power are pivotal countries where all eyes are initially turned to when the region’s geopolitics is concerned. Especially in regard to decisions that can affect the regional dynamics and power balance, Russian and Turkish decision making mechanisms become crucial. Therefore understanding the belief systems of Russian and Turkish decision makers does not only mean understanding their individual decision making processes but rather it is of great value for political scientists to read the bigger picture of the political arena and predicting these leaders’ moves on the chessboard of the region. At this point, Operational Code, a method within the scope of the political psychology, can function as an important instrument because this method helps build leaders’ cognitive schemata. Moreover it is also of great use in interpreting controversial moves and risk-seeking attitudes in times of political crisis. This article aims to make a comparative analysis of Russian president Vladimir Putin and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan both of who have left their marks on 21st century Eurasia where risks are also increased. Consequently, we hope to contribute not only to the literature of political psychology and Operational Code but also predictability of international relations.
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Thе article represents an attempt to explain the results of the 2016 EU referendum in the UK, taking into account the specific features of the EU coverage in the British press. In addition to the historical perspective, we present the European debates in the British media from the first half of 2014, as well as the press coverage of the referendum in June 2016. On this basis, we suggest answers to both questions: could we have foreseen „Brexit“ and what lessons could be drawn for the future.
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This text focuses on transformation of the sociocultural context of the modern industrial society into a new sociotechnological context of the network society; and thereby it creates a fundamental precedent in the process of historical continuity. The second task set is to present Manuel Castells’ communication model of the network society. Some innovative terms, such as geocommunication, mass Self-communication, holistic communication, etc., are introduced to the Bulgarian media studies. Third, it aims to provoke a debate on the transformation of Marshall MacLuan’s ruling notion Media is the Message into Message is the Media in a time when the mass Self-communication occurs to be a serious communicative opposition to the mass media communication.
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The article examines the differences in the quality of employment available to young people living in rural areas and cities. It argues that the latter are more likely to not only have a job, but also one of high quality. In the article, job quality is characterised using the OECD’s three dimensions: the level of remuneration, employment stability and the quality of the work environment. The survey data collected as part of Human Capital in Poland (BKL) was used to verify the assumptions. The study makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it shows that the greatest differences between urban and rural residents are associated with the superior opportunity urban dwellers have for economic advancement. Second, it identifies two key factors that moderate the relationship between place of residence and quality of employment: 1) the region (strong or weak urban centers) and 2) the level of education (higher or lower levels).
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The US presidential elections in 2016 unleash the power of fake news. This case study shows how misleading information and click-bite headlines outperform serious journalism in the mainstream media during the campaign. Both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton use the tool of fake news during their march to the White House. But the collected data reveals that pro-Trump sites are much more effective. The study also shows how „Facebook“ and „Тwitter“ „fuel“ the phenomenon of fake news – a few seconds are enough for a misleading article to become viral all over the world, but it takes 13 hours a single hoax to be debunked. A new breed media barons are rising in social networks, such as amateur publishers, running hyper-partisan sites, etc. A brand new media is born, which power is threatening to vitiate the crucial elections in Western Europe in 2017.
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The article looks at the main issues related to Nord Stream 2, i.e. a proposed natural gas pipeline route from Russia to Germany which expands the already operating Nord Stream. It covers the origin of the project, its political context and controversies, including Poland’s opposition, as well as legal disputes, including the application of the Gas Directive to gas pipelines between the EU and third countries.
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In Calgary, which is a dynamic Canadian city, there live almost 20 000 people of Hungarian ancestry. More than 8000 kilometres from Hungary, they maintain Hungarian organizations and institutions, because hundreds of them are dedicated to Hungarian cultural and community life. In the first part of my study I focus on their successful activity maintaining their Hungarian identity. In Canada, where multiculturalism is supported, the Hungarians arrived in waves. The first wave came mainly for economic reasons, but later waves left their homeland for political reasons. The second part of my paper focuses on the role of the religious institutions in the history of the Hungarian inhabitants of Calgary. I summarise the history of Calvin Hungarian Presbyterian Church and St. Elizabeth of Hungary Parish to 1968. That was the year for the establishment of the Calgary Hungarian scout troops that have provided for the needs of children and youth. Up to this time the emigrants of the 1956 revolution were the base for the flourishing Hungarian community and cultural life of Calgary. Their achievements are continued by the present leaders and volunteers of the Hungarian organizations.
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This paper is based on the experiences acquired by the author working at the Hungária Circle of Friends of Books (HKK) in the Hungarian Colony of Buenos Aires as a participant of the Kőrösi Csoma Sándor Program (KCSP). The presence of Hungarians in Argentina goes back to the 18th century. László Orosz was one of the first Hungarian Jesuits, who came as a missionary. He was professor at the university of Cordoba and founder of Argentina Printing. The next Hungarian group was composed of political emigrants. János Czetz, one of the generals of the Revolution and Freedom Fight of 1848/49, found here his new home from 1860 onward. In 1871 he had a leading role in establishing the Argentinian National Military Academy. The Hungarians arriving after the First World War were often from the territory of the former Hungarian Kingdom, but arrived with the passport of the successor states. They were committed to their traditions and language. For this reason they founded several associations and institutions. The next emigration group came after the Second World War. They maintain their national identity through their own associations and institutions. All these groups agree that Argentina is an immigrating-friendly country, backed by the Argentinian Constitution (1853) and also by the annual holiday Día del Immigrant, celebrated on September 4.
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Croatia acceded to the European Union, becoming its 28th Member State in 2013 after approximately ten years of negotiations. Croatia is the second former Yugoslav republic to join the European Union. As it is well known, both the State and its society actively took part in the straggles of the civil war of the southern Slavic nations in the 1990s. In my article, I deal with how current Croatian legislation was evolved and improved after the independence of Croatia with due attention to the EU-Croatia negotiations for integration.
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