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Alexandru Macedonski is an important Romanian writer who comes from a family that has been actively involved over time in various historically significant events for the Romanian people. The poet Alexandru Macedonski will not pursue a military career like his grandfather and father, but will be actively involved in political life by exposing his ideas in articles in various more or less recognized publications. His passion for political events led him to publish the newspaper "Oltul" between 1873- 1875 in which he published various pro-liberal articles. Macedonski's strong personality stands out in his ability to zealously convey all his literary or political conceptions. The latest political upheavals are the praiseworthy article dedicated to Field Marshal Mackensen, due to which Ovid Densusianu withdraws his proposal for the candidacy for the Romanian Academy, the brochure "Zacherlina further" and "The Sonnet of Power". The writer draws public disapproval and goes to war against everyone. The writer's death saves him from revenge.
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Cold War history and its focus on systemic competition have somewhat obscured the fact that until the early 1950s, many ideas instead conceived of the future of the world as a development toward greater unity. Especially during the 1930s and 1940s, a zeitgeist oriented toward supra-national political entities emerged, and a worldview beyond the nation-state became plausible for many people who perceived the age of nationalism as coming to a definitive end. Some proponents of these ideas even considered an imminent world state to be the only possible political solution for a secure future. This paper extends the research on world state ideas to post-war Germany and investigates the motivation of the German people to occupy themselves with questions aimed at reorganising the world. By focusing on a preeminent figure of the German world state movement, photographer and journalist Joe J. Heydecker, this paper demonstrates the influence of spiritual beliefs as well as technocratic ideas on the world state idea. It argues that the envisaged world state was not necessarily a democratic one but can be understood as a manifestation of a conservative search for different political modernity.
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This study deals with the concept of person in the works of Ferdinand Pelikán and Karel Vorovka, two major theorists of Czech philosophy in the Interwar Era. It shows that their frequent use of the term ‘person’ and their focus on individuality were directly linked to the then ongoing process of modernisation of philosophy throughout Europe. The aim of this study is to check whether Vorovka’s and Pelikán’s effort to base modern philosophy on the concept of person was due to a growing influence of individualism, that is, whether it is a form of this direction of thought. Verification of this initial hypothesis is based on analysing the reception and interpretation of the importance of the concept of person in the two authors’ texts published in the Ruch filosofický journal. The study reconstructs the concept with respect to inquiry into the sense in which a person is crucial in its singularity as an individual. The individualism that is to be evaluated is initially specified according to the T.G. Masaryk’s definition and subsequently verified using a reconstruction of the concept of person. The expressed views of person/individuality are assessed within European, Czech, and historical contexts. Interpretation of the concept of person in the philosophy of Ferdinand Pelikán and Karel Vorovka leads to a reflection upon a distinct period in the history of Czech philosophy and offers an evaluation of the presence and level of individualism in the tradition of Czech modern thought.
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In connection with Horský’s contribution, Hroch investigates changes in Czech historiography’s relation to the concept of general history since the 1960s, while highlighting the complicated relation between Czech national history and non-national or extranational history. The author presents six ways in which the genre of extranational history could be defined and stresses their demands, contributions, and possible weaknesses. He speaks of syntheses, monographic analyses, histories of international relations, historical treatment of the so-called ‘relational’ subjects linked to national cultural, political, or economic histories, source-based studies which investigate partial subjects from the history of ‘non-national’ countries and regions based on new courses, as well as analyses and explanations of processes of social, economic, or cultural changes which took place in several countries, either synchronically or asynchronically. It is the last-named genre which Hroch believes to best correspond to the term ‘general history’ as Jan Horský understands it. He himself, however, prefers the term transnational or comparative history, history of transfer, or l’histoire croisée, and is critical of the term ‘global history’. He emphasises the different nature of processes and changes which are investigated, and different forms of methodological questions raised by historians of general history. According to Hroch, work in general history is better suited to macroanalysis (although he does not reject microanalysis), its results rest to a large extent on knowledge gained not from source materials, and its investigations either do or should apply indirect methods. This kind of investigation heavily relies on results described in secondary literature and its quality depends on the quality of these materials. It searches for and combines relations, connections, and does not see the finding of hitherto unknown facts as its primary task. It is not limited by assumption of uniqueness of historical phenomena. It prefers analysis to narration.
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The article examines, on the basis of an authentic text recorded by the author, some main characteristics of the vanishing vernacular speechof Vămbel, a village in the Kostur area, located in the most southwestern corner of the Bulgarian ethnic territory. The text has also historical interest, as it describes a vivid picture of the persecutions against the local Bulgarian population in the 1920s – 1940s under taken by the Greek authorities. Some lexical and phonetic features that differentiate the Vămbel vernacular from vernaculars as spoken in the neighbouring Kostur villages have been traced. They provide evidence that even within one linguistic and ethnographic area there are some small differences that separate dialectal features of one village from another.
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It is about Neolithic sites and buildings (houses) – in this article, we will return to a period which is previous to the birth of Architecture as an artistic field. As a geographic area, the Asian one is our target, having its specificity and also its similarities with the phenomenon that happened in the Europe of those times. We will see how the expansion of communities and especially the sedentariness of hunters-pickers will ask for the appearance of territorial organization, and also the habit of fortifying sites, and also the spring of a true science regarding building one’s dwelling house – the centre of activities and of the entire life of Neolithic man.
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Review of: MILENA LENDEROVÁ, VLADAN HANULÍK, DANIELA TINKOVÁ (edd.), Dějiny těla: prameny, koncepty, historiografi e, Červený Kostelec 2014, Pavel Mervart, 264 s., ISBN 978-80-7465-068-0; MILENA LENDEROVÁ, VLADAN HANULÍK, DANIELA TINKOVÁ (edd.), Tělo mezi medicínou a disciplínou: proměny lékařského obrazu a ideálu lidského těla a tělesnosti v dlouhém 19. století, Praha 2014, NLN – Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 642 s., ISBN 978-80-7422-313-6.
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In the technological age we are going through, it is becoming more and more obvious that the virtual environment allows to increase the accessibility of cultural goods, offering the user the opportunity to get in direct contact with useful information about the cultural heritage in a certain area, digital preservation and capitalization of cultural heritage gaining special importance through its contribution to increasing access to cultural goods.
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The accomplishments of the Roman administration have resounded through the ages way beyond the Ancient times, and its extraordinary efficiency allow for it to be a fitting standard for the 21th century. One of the secrets of this administration was combining its excellent rigor and flexibility with militarization in order to give it organisational unity. Just like in our times, the Romans’ administration was split between central and local. Both halves of the administration – the central, domineering one and the local, or better said, provincial one -serviced an entire world, a world that had already gone beyond the borders of the Eternal City and became a global superpower stretched out across multiple continents. Our paper studies the main Roman administrative terms, which have a high occurence in Latin epigraphies. We will especially talk about those discovered on the territory of today’s Romania which have been grouped in the IDR collection (Inscriptions of Roman Dacia), but also about the most common ones during the Principate. We do not offer a mere dictionary description of the terms, which is why they are not organised in alphabetical order, but we group them by their importance in terms of their meaning: this refers to competencies, administrative structures and role in the Roman bureaucratic apparatus.
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In a period in which people “started to create and appreciate beauty” – and the inverted commas here mean that it is only a quotation!... – it is necessary to underline some facts about the historical period itself, first of all regarding the continuous evolution that took place in most fields of life. The man’s creativity and inventiveness were always growing, socially speaking the man was transformed from a hunter-picker into an agriculture and shepherd, the communities became stable; spiritual life became more and more complex, new occupations always appearing, once tools became more useful. All these factors are combined with the necessity of a discussion regarding the theories of installing the phenomenon of Neolithification in the world. Regarding the art of this period, the present material will focus only on the spring of the field of future architecture, presenting some facts about the new vision regarding man’s life where megaliths appeared.
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The researches upon books, libraries, lectures generally speaking, tries to show up many forms to promote the book but also the way in which they organized the libraries. This article shows a perspective upon history and evolution of the Banat libraries, from the private collections to the institutionalized library. There are presented different library categories that worked in the Banat area during time, until the shape and the form of a ,,public library” took place.
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Through this study we want to make the portrait of bishop Mark Eugenicus of Ephesus in the fifteenth century. We want to achieve this aspect by appealing to certain historical sources, which we consider essential in defining the personality of Bishop Marcus Eugenicus of Ephesus. Among the important events that marked this century is the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438-1439) which generated a fierce and open cultural and theological discussion. If we have mentioned this historical event, we must not exclude the role of a personality who largely influenced the outcome and results of this council. The purpose of the article is to highlight and paint the personality of this bishop. Why it is important to present the biographical landmarks of his life. One answer lies in the fact that, going through life with bishop Mark, we will better understand the signs of his time and certain decisions that were taken at that time. How much does this mean ?! It means a lot, because if through the eyes of a man we can describe the major events of his life, it means that this man was indeed a personality in history. The bishop Mark Eugenic of Ephesus also identifies with this aspect. We consider that bishop Mark is one of the personalities of history that is no longer insisted on and is not presented in accordance with the role he played in history. Therefore, in this academic event we want to bring to the forefront of our concerns the face of the personality of bishop Mark Eugenic of Ephesus. This study is important for contemporary theological research, because it gives us the gist of a personality that the church had.
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This article takes a brief look at the local media in Arad and how it has been transformed over time. Cultural journalism takes on a broader and more expressive writing, with increased stylistic freedom. After 25 years in the cultural press, I can say that many of the usual journalistic requirements that many of the usual journalistic demands are suspended or undergo major retouches or amendments. It is appropriate to distinguish between the cultural journalism in the daily press and that of the niche magazines belonging to the creative unions: writers, visual artists etc.
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With a great symbolic meaning, fire represents the element that generates light and heat having a magical function and a purifying role in terms of Romanian culture and the beliefs of the village people’s life. As in Greek mythology, fire belongs to the gods, to the unseen powers, reminiscent of the Fire in the hearth (the sacred place, symbol of the house), the Purifying Fire (found in various rituals of the holidays over the year), the Fires of Great Thursday, the Fire/the flames of the outlaws’ treasures, the Fires of the Day of Leaving the Cheese at the beginning of the Great Lent, which are part of a ritual of banishing evils, the Fire of Sâmedru, or the Fires of Christmas Eve. Fire has been preserved in the rites of passage through its extinction and rekindling at different times in the life of a person, whether we are talking about the concept as cosmic science, when we refer to the sacred power, the lightning, the struggle between good and evil, but also as a mythical creature, for example,,,The Flyer”. Also, fire is like a force, or evil spirit, or a mythical character that is to be found in all the crucial moments from Birth, as the first threshold until Death the last threshold of a person.
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The article proposes a detailed overview of Constantin Silvestri's piano works, an exploration of his compositional style and an interpretation of his harmonic, melodic, rhythmic, dynamic, and expressive language. A continuous nuancing of the composer's language is observed throughout the opus, a permanent enrichment of his compositional style. From the neoclassical influences of the Bartók/Stravinsky/Prokofiev type to folkloric accents or the reflections of expressionism, the composer develops a personal language, difficult to fit into a particular style of the modern era, as he tends to incorporate each of them in his own original way, processing them creatively in the rhetoric of his compositional grace. Constantin Silvestri's piano music represents a central profile in the architecture of his compositions, the piano being the most exploited instrument that runs through his entire creation from the first opus, Suitele, to the penultimate, Sonata IV. His piano works are distinguished by twelve opus, which can be divided into two stylistic periods: the first, neoclassical (of his youth), and the second expressionist (with moments of stylised folklore), in the last opus.
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