Книги 2012 г.
Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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The culture of Georgian chant is variable and particular schools are different from each other. The vital schools are Gelati, Shemoqmedi (West Georgian chant traditions) and Karbelashvilebi (East Georgian chant traditions). The paper presents musical analysis of West Georgian chant traditions, using Gelati school as an example. Scores are taken from Georgian musical manuscripts from the 19th century, which are saved in National Centre of Manuscripts and were written by St. Pilimon the Chanter (Koridze) and St. Ekvtime the Confessor (Kereselidze). The article’s aim is to show how some of the Great Feasts in Georgia were celebrated. The first part contains the examination of some individual aspects of Georgian liturgical practice. The second part synthetises what is important in the process of researching Georgian chant. The analysis shows individuality of the chant material. Diversity and abundance of existing materials gives the opportunity to conduct further research on the topic.
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Market towns’ privileges and their system of self-government and administration were similar to the free royal cities. In the late 14th century, Miskolc doubled in size, besides the „Old Town“, the „New Town“ was first mentioned in 1376, with its own weekly fairs and administration, even with a separate parish. The parish church of the New Town, first mentioned in one of the Pope’s deeds in 1445, bore the name of the Holy Virgin Mary as its title. The fact that a cotters’ street or quarter came into being next to the church of the New Town indicates the independence of the New Town and its parish, similarly to the Old Town. The separation of the Old Town and the New Town was a medieval phenomenon, however the dual centres did not survive the Middle Ages, as Miskolc was burnt down by the Turkish troops in 1544. On the ruins of the former parish, a new baroque monastery of the Conventual Franciscans (Minorites) was built in 1720s, and a Minorite scribe made a small drawing in the protocol of the convent showing the outline of the medieval church.
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Between Moravia and Prussia there was an important medieval route passing through the economic and political centres (Olomouc, Opava, Raciborz, Krakow and Torun). A very important medieval route existed between Moravia and Prussia, connecting the economic and political centres (Olomouc, Opava, Raciborz, Krakow and Torun). Situation on this road made it possible to research the continuous material and ideological transfer, the existence of which is evident from the archaeological finds in Opava region. We have compiled three thematic groups of artefacts which include utility ceramics, numismatic material, and sacral artefacts used by pilgrims. Within the identified system, various groups of travellers including merchants, artisans, diplomats and pilgrims can be detected.
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According to the charter issued by Andrew, Bishop of Eger, the Košice burghers were exempted from jurisdiction of Archdeacon of Abaujvár in 1290. Circumstances connected to its origin and then comparison with other charters containing similar privilege seem to be essential factors leading to better understanding of the source. Hereby a very detailed analysis of the text might say more to explain its meaning. Therefore, the cognoscible context of exemptions with the examination of circumstances leading to the issuance of the charter in 1290, along with consideration of the words written in the text, encourage the opinion that the burghers of Košice had been exempted from jurisdiction of Abaujvár´s Archdeacon even before. The Bishop´s charter seems to be only a confirmation of the right allowed earlier, which was a common phenomenon in the towns (or in the communities of guests) of the Hungarian Kingdom.
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The study deals with suburban churches and hospitals in medieval Košice. Author evaluates historiography published on this topic and presents results of detailed research of town books and tax registers. The aim of contribution consists of characterizing of the development, i.e. origins and cessation of the buildings, their approximate geographical location as well as the position in the church administration of Košice. The existence of three churches and two hospitals surrounding the walled town has been proved by the research. The main and also the oldest hospital with a church had patrocinium of the Holy Spirit. It laid in front of the Lower Gate on south. As the second one, the church of St. Ladislaus was erected in the northern suburb. The last such objects built here in the Middle Ages were leprosarium and church of St. Leonard on the west side. In addition to this, there was constructed one more church in the town´s cadaster, staying in the village of Košická Nová Ves.
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This contribution describes and evaluates four wells explored or documented in 1990s in the streets of Košice. Two of the wells were investigated in Hlavná Street – one of them is located in the Lower Gate area and the other is near the Immaculata. The third well was researched in Dominikánske Square. The well in front of Kováčska Street 26, damaged by a sewer trench, was documented only. Profile of the wells is round, narrowing towards the bottom. Their construction character is identical as well – stone walls built on a wooden base construction. The maximum difference between the bottoms’ levels is 1.5 m. It was impossible to measure the depth and identify the construction method of the well in Kováčska Street – in front of Kováčska 25, as it was situated under the bottom of the sewer trench backfill. Despite the fact that dating of the wells was not possible, it is undoubtable that they were used in the modern era. They disappeared when the city water supply was built in the beginning of the 20th century.
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The paper deals with issues pertaining to the relations and communication between the representatives of the town administrations in Košice, Bardejov and Prešov in the 15th century. The reflection of these relations may be found in correspondence preserved in the archives of these towns. These documents have made the author to note that mutual cooperation was developed among the towns, especially in the field of the town diplomacy by sending common town delegates to the Royal court and high dignitaries of the Kingdom and to the common consultations of the towns. Military aff airs and espionage were another area of cooperation between the towns. If the towns were not directly threatened, in many areas (economy, trade) they acted like rivals. One example is the cause between Bardejov and Prešov because of bleaching linen, lasting for the whole 15th century.
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Besides its main tasks – judiciary and executive, the town administration fulfilled a variety of functions ranging from economic production through defense and protection of its citizens, to the development of culture and education. This required oversight and stewardship by municipal dignitaries and extensive system of urban employees. The paper deals with the management of urban employees and town dignitaries responsible for major sectors of town economy, security, health care, culture and other areas of urban living. The author analyzes the position of urban employees and contracts made by town. Management of urban facilities belonged to the main duties of the elected members of the municipal court. Economic facilities (mills, granary), supervision of wine trade, linen weaving or patronage of hospitals represented the main areas of their functions. An important place among municipal employees belonged to servants in judiciary, diplomacy and urban defense. Specific field, financed by the town council, represented the area of art and culture, where painters, masons, organists and trumpeters were employed.
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5TH ASSEMBLY OF CR OATISTS IN BRNO; XI. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CZECH, SLOVAK AND CZECHOSLOVAK 20TH CENTURY HISTORY; EUROPEAN SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY CONFERENCE(ESSHC); PETER CLARK: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE EUROPEAN CITY; 15TH ASSEMBLY OF SLOVAK HISTORICAL SOCIETY AT SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; THE CREATIVE CITY II. CITIES IN INTERA CTIONS; GUEST LECTURES ORGANIZED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, FACULTY OF ARTS, PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFÁRIK UNIVERSITY IN KOŠICE 2015/2016
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This article deals with the genesis and development of Old Great Bulgaria, founded by khan Kubrat in the VII century. We will use all extant sources, as well as most of the existing literature on the subject.
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The existing „Code of Ethics for Employees” in Poland, as well as other documents prepared by representatives of all sciences gathered in research institutes of the appropriate reputation, do not in themselves distinguish between the specific characteristics of particular fields, especially between the humanities and nature sciences, The scientist in itself based on the general ethical standards in force in the European cultural circle. The purpose of this article is to attempt to exemplify the ethical dangers inherent in its scientific activity, and which derives from the specificity of the theory of historical cognition, whose verification differs fundamentally from the verification of conclusions formulated by rigorous sciences or social sciences based on statistical methods. This task was also undertaken with an indication of differences in the intensity of problematic ethical issues depending on the intent and object of historical research.
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HOLEC, ROMAN. ČLOVEK A PRÍRODA V „DLHOM“ 19. STOROČÍ; KIANIČKA, DANIEL HAAS (ED.). MUSEION. ZBORNÍK KREMNICKÉHO MÚZEA; BYSTRICKÝ, PETER. PES V MYTOLÓGII, NÁBOŽENSTVE A FOLKLÓRE STAROVEKU A STREDOVEKU; DASZEWSKA, MARZENA (ED.). KOSZYCKA MODERNA / KOŠICE MODERNISM; ĎUĎÁKOVÁ, MONIKA – POČÁTKO, MARTIN (EDS.). MIGRAČNÉ PROCESY V DEJINÁCH EURÓPY. KRÍZA ALEBO ÚSVIT CIVILIZÁCIE? STRETNUTIE MLADÝCH HISTORIKOV VI.
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The focus of the article are the most significant moments of the activity of St. Cyril and St. Methodius which have undoubted connection with Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language, as the appearance of the first Slavonic alphabet the Glagolitic on the base of Bulgarian dialect from Thessaloniki area; the saving and the enrichment of the Cyrillo-Methodian literature in Bulgarian state after Methodius’s death in Moravia; the outset of the second alphabet the Cyrillic in Preslav; the spread of the Old Bulgarian literacy and literature all over the world.
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The text discusses the two main trends for the ethno genesis of the Armenian people – the theory of indigenous origin, or at least the very ancient presence of the Armenians on the territory of the Armenian Plateau and the theory of their migration. The second theory – supported by information from various written sources - considers the Armenians as emigrants from the Balkans.The article also examines a number of lexical influences on the Armenian language – from the layer of its own Armenian root words, whose foundations can be recovered or traced back to the Indo-European language spoken thousands of years ago by the ancestors of all Indo-European peoples, to present days.
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The aim of the discourse is to add informatively, so far as it is possible, and contextualize direct and indirect records from initial document sources for the status and the settlement of ethnocultural communities, different from the Bulgarian (Tartarian, Serbian, Hungarian – for instance), in Northern Thrace in the period XV – XVII century. In this way a segment of the common reconstruction of the processes of ethnodemographic and settlement dynamics in the defined geographic perimeter will be build.
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The Velyanov house is located in the southwest, not far from the church “The Holy Trinity”, in the ancient neighborhood, in the small, beautiful town Bansko, which more precisely is located in the center of the town. From all the standard and classical descriptions and from its architecture, the house is classified like a typical house from this part of Bulgaria, as a typical house from the Pirin district from the XVIII century. Since the year 1967 the building and its unique mural paintings are announced to be a real monument with National importance.Through the centuries there were numerous and important architectural changes in the house. The authors of the study Nina Zlateva and Iliya Borisov think that in the beginning, The Velyanov house used to be a medieval house with rectangular shape and in its structure there is a two-chamber tomb. There is a proof about the existence of this tomb in the southeastern facade of the Velyanov House, over the frescoes, where there is a built-in stone block that happily survived through the years and it has a carved Runic text all over it. This is not only a proof but also an ancient way to protect the people who used to live in the house.
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Thessaloniki was the biggest city conquered by the Ottomans before Istanbul. Furthermore, it was conquered by force. Thus, this city is a good example for researchers to understand how the Ottoman state transformed a Byzantine metropolis into an Ottoman one, starting from a zero point – in terms of the population – in 1430. This paper, based on a meticulous analysis of the three extant Ottoman tax registers of the first Ottoman century and a variety of other sources, tries to discern the urban and demographic development until ca. 1530, when the Ottomanization process had been accomplished and Thessaloniki became an Ottoman metropolis, having, together with Edirne, the highest population in the Balkans.
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Examining the heritage of Bulgarian studies published in “Ricerche slavistiche” over seven decades, I focused on the reviews of Bulgarian studies in Italy written by two renowned scholars: Janja Jerkov and Giuseppe Dell’Agata. This approach makes it possible to reconstruct the main lines of development of both traditional themes and recent trends in Bulgaristic studies in Italy. The studies of the pre-war period are dominated by the activity of Enrico Damiani and Luigi Salvini, whose works were published with the purpose to discover the cultural heritage of the Bulgarian people to the Italian public, and therefore of spreading its history, its language and its culture. The journal “Ricerche slavistiche” was founded while the era of the fathers of Bulgarian studies was fading away. While the editors of a previous journal, “Bulgaria”, aspired to make Italians aware of the cultural beauties of the Bulgarian people, the new journal was conceived with a programmatic intention of separating scientific research from journalism and of bringing about a renewal of the Slavic sphere. In the review of studies published in “Ricerche slavistiche”, given the substantial variety of essays, to reconstruct the main lines of thematic development during Seventy years of history, any division of the bibliographic material by subject would have a rather conventional value. Hoping in an empirical utility, along the lines of the subdivision adopted by Dell’Agata, I propose a categorization of the studies: the medieval period is treated in the first paragraph, 1) paleobulgaristics, language and literature of the I and II Bulgarian Empire; the further paragraphs are: 2) the period from the 15th to the 18th century; the modern era 3) Neo-Bulgarian language; 4) modern literature; 5) varies; 6) Bulgarian-Italian scientific and cultural events. The most important studies of this period from a methodological point of view are due to Ivan Dujčev, Riccardo Picchio and Mario Capaldo. One of the major researchers of the modern Bulgarian language is Giuseppe Dell’Agata, whose linguistic studies marked a new phase for the era of popularisation and eclecticism of Bulgarian studies in the 1940s and 1950s. In Italy, the period between the two wars saw the development of a tradition of studies focused on the problems of Bulgarian literature and culture by the masters and pioneers of Bulgarian studies Damiani and Salvini. A recurring theme of particular interest to Italian scholars is emphasizing the work of the poet Penčo Slavejkov (1866-1912), considered “the founder” of Bulgarian literary modernism. Bulgarian-Italian cultural relations are part of an uninterrupted tradition of almost a century, anchored in the studies in Italy between the two wars, continued after World War II (by Picchio and Borriero), vital in the following decades (Dell’Agata) up to the present day (Jerkov, Marcialis, Stantchev, Garzaniti, Ziffer, Diddi). Concluding this review of seventy years of Bulgarian publications in “Ricerche slavistiche”, we observe, on the one hand, an evolution over time of study interests that change with the generations; on the other hand, the interdisciplinarity and interculturality and, more generally, novelty and originality of Italian Bulgarian studies.
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