Noi contribuții arheologice privind istoria așezării urbane de la Trotuș
New archeological contributions regarding the history of the urban settlement from Trotuș
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New archeological contributions regarding the history of the urban settlement from Trotuș
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Contributions to the knowledge of the „cobâla” on the Middle Siret (15th-19th centuries)
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Data on the landed property in the villages of Secuieni commune (Bacău county)
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This paper depicts the story of one of the first great Romanian generals, Major General Ștefan Fălcoianu. As the Chief of Staff for the Romanian Army during the Romanian Independence War (1877-1878), he organised the Active Army during its campaign in Bulgaria. After the war, general Fălcoianu led the mission to analyze the military requirements of the new province of Dobruja. His lasting influenced was felt also in the fields of military legislation and organization.
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The General Staff is outlined in a modern form in the second half of the nineteenth century and even at the beginning of the twentieth century in all major armies as an imitation of the German model, which had demonstrated its importance by a series of victories in the wars of 1864, 1866 and 1870-1871.Two variants of organization will emerge until 1914, German and French, having the same set of functions in planning, coordinating and supervising military actions.Beside the number of main divisions, 2, 3, 4 or more, the obligation to graduate a War Academy for all staff officers was universal, which would lead to a high level of training, but also a privileged status in the structure of the military.
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Based on the notarial documents, found in the Croatian Academy of Arts and Science as well as from the other sources, the author furnishes here some pieces of information about several Glagolitic priests, who were appointed notaries. Special places are entitled to Glagolitic priests from the wider district of Lika towards the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern World. Some priests, friars, Franciscans-Tertiaries were appointed notaries officialy. Some noble families from Rab were entitled to appoint notaries.
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The author of the first comprehensive synthesis of Romanians’ history and of the first historical theory treatise died almost entirely forgotten on February 27, 1920, in Bucharest. The prophet of the complete Union – who had tirelessly militated along half a century for restoring the national “tree” – assisted, in isolation and sickness, but not passively, to the political and cultural effervescence having led to the conclusion of the Union. National funerals were organised, praising speeches were uttered, but all of it was soon followed by an oblivion of Xenopol; his name would subsequently be uttered far too rarely, only on commemorative occasions. Several studies focusing on the philosopher and economist, a couple of circumstantial evocations, a bust in Arad, where a part of his library would be sent (per his wish), and a statue of Iași make up – for the most part – his public presence in posterity. However, there is yet another presence of Xenopol: one active, fertile, ensured by the permanent reference to his work, which represents – according to his student and emulus N. Iorga –“one of the greatest efforts of the Romanian spirit applied to science”. Such a work – equally valued abroad – could only be stimulated by a great love for the country (to which service he dedicated his entire life) and by an enthusiastic thrive for knowledge.
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In my article I paid attention to both historical and modern perceptron of the revolutions in XIXth century Europe lands.i accented the national-liberating, unifying and egalitarian aspects of these wars. I wrote about French ‘three glorious days’ on July 1830 when Luois Phillipe Bourbon reigned. I evoked Greek liberation war againsts The Ottoman Empire. I destinated voluminous space for anti-Habsburg uprisings in Austria, in the Hungarian Kingdom and in the Bohemian Kingdom. Later I dealt with the campaign of Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II, who was crownem king of united and independent Italy. Then I concentrated on the riots in the German Empire lands, which was changing into constitutional monarchy with difficulties. I presented my suggestions in the matter of the Springtime of the Peoples or the lack of it in the Great Britain and the Imperial Russia. I mentioned November 1830’s Polish uprising against Nicolai the tsar. I tried to value the matter in a rational and revisionist way, so I described both positive and nega-tive aspects of the uprisings. Eventually, I fund they have somehow formed the modern political culture.
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In the last two decades of the 19th century, the leadership of the Orthodox Diocese of Arad took a series of measures aimed at equipping schools with teaching materials, so that they correspond to the legislation imposed by the Budapestauthorities. Measures were taken by which Arad teachers were determined to writetextbooks and at the same time the old textbooks were abandoned, especially sincesome were brought from Romania. Analyzing the titles and authors of the textbookswe can see that at the beginning of the century there was a generation of teacherswith didactic-pedagogical interests, among which we mention Ioan Tuducescu, IoanRoman, Iosif Moldovan, Nicolae Ştefu, Iuliu Grofşoreanu, Petru Vancu or Iuliu Vuia.Through the textbooks they compiled and their activity they contributed to theenrichment of the Romanian pedagogical literature, but also to the defense of theRomanian culture during a period in which the magyarization policy intensified.
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The financing of the Romanian schools in Braşov was a much debated issue inthe last years of the 19th century. Founded in 1850, these schools have been constantlyreceiving aid from Romania since 1860, but after the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian dualism, the Hungarian government demanded the cessation of these aids,under the threat of school closure. However, the money from Romania continued to besent in secret, until this issue was used as a weapon in the fights between politicalparties in Romania. Then the Hungarian government again threatened to close theschools and diplomatic negotiations were held between Romania and Austria-Hungary, which led to a solution to finance them from Romania. The agreement wasdebated in the Romanian Parliament in January-February 1900, which gave rise tonew attacks between the parties represented in the Parliament.
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Nicolai Grămadă is the Bucovina historian from Chernivtsi who completes his intellectual training in two of the most important European cultural centers, in which the Romanian Academy founded two Romanian schools, Paris and Rome. Access tothe two schools was provided to the most deserving graduates of letters, history andarchitecture. Nicolai Grămadă was one of the only 7% beneficiaries of theapproximately 130 graduates of these institutions in the interwar period, who camefrom Chernivtsi. The works published by Nicolai Grămadă reflect the influence of the two schools. Nicolai Grămadă spent his time intensively researching inscriptions in Italian museums and libraries, but also established collaborative relationships withhis Romanian colleagues from other university centers.
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Iulia Lilica Hasdeu was the daughter of B. P. Hasdeu, historian, philologist,folklorist and writer. The correspondence reveal her last seven years spent in Paris(1881-1888), the history of a brilliant child gifted with a will for reaching the highestacademic expectations which cannot be defeated. Finally, her career project shouldhave given her the opportunity for getting her high school degree, bachelor's degreeand PhD until the age of 20. For reaching her ideal, Iulia Hasdeu had ended up inParis, the capital of the world at that time, known also for its College. At the end ofthe nineteenth century, the city was sprawling fast, people who were attracted byParis’ lights were arriving constantly looking for jobs. Buildings with small roomswere erected quickly and they were deprived of air and light. In these surroundingsour heroine had to live along with her mother. From what we believe, there is a verystrong possibility that in such environment did she came in contact with the fataldisease: tuberculosis.Last but not least, she had to deal with the disagreements between her parents.The father, who remained in Bucharest, struggled to deal with all the financialrequests sent from Paris. The parents managed to resolve the problems, becauseLilica was a sensitive girl and her life work never left her indifferent. What we knowfor sure is that at the age of 18 she managed to finish the high school with twodiplomas. Soon after, she signed up for the Faculty of Letters, at the Sorbonne. In herfirst year there (1886-1887), she managed to draw the attention of her colleaguesand teachers. Her disease had brought her an end in the autumn of 1888. Fallenbefore her time, despite the few contributions she had left behind, she still is andalways will be an important personality.
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Après le Traite de Paix de Bucarest, du 10 aout 1913, la Roumanie a obtenu les Provences Caliacra et Durostor, qui ont reçu le nom la Nouvelle Dobrogea ou Cadrilater. Ainsi, on a eu la possibilité d’étudier le patrimoine historique du territoire de cette région. Silistra (Dârstor) était une ville port au Danube et une des plus importantes localités de la région historique Dobrogea et de Cadrilater. Les antiquités de la ville ont été observées pour la première fois par les divers voyageurs qui sont passés par ici pendant la période du Moyen Age. Après, leur étude a commencé dans le 19e siècle. La majorité des vestiges découverts à Silistra ont fini par être incorporés dans les collections des musés de Sofia et Bucarest. Malheureusement, le musé local de Silistra a été détruit pendant la Première Guerre Mondiale.
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The study presents the handwritten notes from the 15th to 19th centuries of a recently found Franciscan Library from Satu Mare.
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The article focuses on the group of physicians, who served as family doctors of the most promi-nent protestants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Prince of Olyka and Nesvizh, Voivode of Vilnius Mikołaj the Black Radziwiłł, and the Biržai-Dubingiai line of the Radziwiłł family. All physicians treating the members of the Protestant Radziwiłł family were professionals of the highest caliber. Th e article concludes that both the tradition of employing professional physicians, the system of protection, and especially the family model (a considerable number of mixed marriages in terms of religion) had a great impact on the selection of the Protestant physicians of the Radziwiłłs.
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This article presents the stance taken by the representatives of the Ruthenian voievodeships of the Polish Crown (Ruthenian, Podolian, and Belz voivodeships) at the Sejm session in Lublin in 1569 before the incorporation of Podlasie and Volhynia.
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The article analyses the text preserved in a manuscript under the title Czo za prawa X. Litewskie ma do ziemie Infl ianczki a poliaczi do niei nicz niemaią (What rights has the Duchy of Lithuania to Livo-nian lands while the Poles have none, most probably written in 1582). It contains legal and ideologi-cal arguments put forward by the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the disputes with the nobility of the Polish Kingdom over the possession of Livonia. Th e author concludes that the Lithuanian political elite retained a deep distrust of their Polish partners at the end of the sixteenth century resulting from the previous experiences gained at the time of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin and the Livonian War.
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Th e article presents the fi gure of Chryzostom Karp – a rich landowner from the Slonim County. Presenting the life of Chryzostom, the author would like to draw attention to the specifi city of the attitudes of the Slonim County nobility at the turn of the eighteenth century.
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The present source edition contains two registers of the military troops of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the fi rst half of 1615. Th e documents make a valuable contribution to the research into the organisation and number of the Lithuanian army in the fi rst half of the seventeenth century.
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