„Poeci na barykady!” – O rewolucyjnym charakterze poezji Euromajdanu

Author(s): Dezydery Barłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (16)/2020

In this article, I analyse reactions of writers belonging to the “Young Ukraine” to the Euromaidan. In the first part, I define the specific character of the “Young Ukraine”. In the next part, I present the volume Nebesna Sotnya/ Heaven’s Hundred Heroes as a form of resistance against the authorities. In the third part, I focus on the writings of Andriy Lyubka in the context of the pro-EU revolution. Finally, I describe the literary reaction to the end of the Euromaidan (focussing mainly on the writings of Lyubka).

„Poezje” Cypriana Norwida z 1863 roku jako świadectwo autorecepcji

Author(s): Elżbieta Dąbrowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The article is devoted to a Leipzig edition of Cyprian Norwid’s “Poezje” (“Poetry”, 1863) published by Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus. Editors of the poet’s writings did not consider the volume to be an integral entity that should be included into the edition of Norwid’s entire output. This decision, though understandable on the grounds of editorship, overshadows his most crucial publication achievement, also important from an autoreceptive perspective. “Poezje” (“Poetry”) is therefore the first edition of Norwid’s collected poems that allowed him a confrontation with his own writing style and consideration of his own creative path. “Poezje” (“Poetry”), published as volume 21 of “Biblioteka Pisarzy Polskich” (“Library of Polish Writers”), defined its author as a mature writer, conscious of his vocation and workshop (indication to the harp as to a poet’s attribute, to “great city”—a place of trial for a poet and poetry). It also seems reasonable that composing the collection offered Norwid a stimulus to new creative investigations which he realised in “Vade-mecum.”

„Pogrzeb królowej” Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza – opracowanie edytorskie

Author(s): Robert Papieski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article mainly quotes a previously unpublished manuscript of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s novel about Bona Sforza, entitled The Funeral of the Queen, which he has worked on between the 6th of June 1949 and 1953. The editor presents the origins of the book and its development. Additionally, all documents that Iwaszkiewicz researched and collected while working on the novel are included in the book, including notes, nine versions of the first sentence of the novel, and the letters from Ludwik Kolankowski and Zofia Zarembianka, who provided Iwaszkiewicz with factual information. The conclusion of the article reveals the nature of Iwaszkiewicz’s writing, showing that a huge amount of documents he researched – instead of helping him – paralysed him.

„Pół-cmentarna tabliczka”. Wokół "Zawału" Mirona Białoszewskiego

Author(s): Monika Ładoń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text concerns one of the basic motives in works by Miron Białoszewski, the motive of illness. The author makes "Zawał" and fragments of journal notes where this cartographic dysfunction found itself in the centre of considerations. An autobiographic nature of Białoszewski’s works allows for interpreting texts, but, at the same time, noticing an important life experience of the author of "Tajny dziennik" in them. The subject of interest here is strategies allowing for familiarizing the process of getting ill and being in a hospital depriving of intimacy. The most important include a unique penetration and meticulousness of the description of a new experience, theatralization of events and a hospital writing as the activity most personal and most private.

„Połniejszyj bardak i untiergang”. O degeneracji w literaturze (z nieustającym odniesieniem do Maxa Nordaua)

Author(s): Eliza Kącka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The article deals with the topic of degeneration, thereby bringing back the name MaxNordau for reflection on the literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.Nordau’s writings are not, however, the subject of autonomous reflection or ideologicalreconstruction here. The aim is to present a model of the attitude stigmatizing everything thatthe author of Entartung considered a disease. Branding literature and art as degenerate meetswith the crisis of the late nineteenth century – partly envisaging this crisis, partly aggravatingit. In this perspective – tracing the signs of degeneration not following Nordau, but referringto his diagnoses – I read selected works of H.G. Wells, Wacław Berent, Jerzy Żuławski, andStanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz. The theme of degeneration itself is differently functionalizedand metaphorized in their writings. Common for them appears to be a pessimistic attitudeto evolution as in fact involution, increasing morbidity, bestiality, misfortune.

„Polnische Bibliothek” Karla Dedeciusa. Literatura między polityką kulturalną a praktyką wydawniczą

Author(s): Paweł Zajas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2020

The “Polnische Bibliothek” – launched by the Polish Cultural Institute in Darmstadt, cofunded by the Robert Bosch Foundation and published by Suhrkamp Verlag – represents a unique attempt to introduce Polish literature to the German-language book market.Zajas examines the project’s historical, political and institutional context. Drawing on unpublished correspondence between contributors he highlight understudied processes pertaining to the transfer of Polish literature into the German-language cultural field and addresses the need for a conceptualisation of such phenomena. His methodological framework is based on the notion of histoire croisée, adapted in this case to the study of a translation’s production. The point of departure is the work of the many individuals involved, their conflicts and their attempts to solve them.

„Polscy Aryjczycy”. Pomiędzy naukowymi podstawami mitu a mitycznymi korzeniami nauki w dyskursie słowiańskim XIX wieku

Author(s): Marta Taperek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The article is devoted to reflection on the role of the Aryan discourse in the researchof Slavophiles of the 19th century. Traditional studies on the ethnogenesis of the Slavsconducted by historians on the basis of ancient “scraps” and incomplete sources did notgive the answer that would satisfy the political ambitions of the Poles. The inclusion ofethnographic and linguistic methods into the Slavic studies helped create the narrative inwhich the journey, made by the early Slavs from the Land of Aryans, became a full historyof the people’s origin. The conviction about the Indo-Iranian origin of the Slavs shaped themythical thinking and attempts to create a story legitimizing the right to self-determinationand the historical significance of this group. The belief in ancient Aryan heritage considerablychanged political orientation and the pursuit of a new identity – free of inferiority complexwith respect to the West and ready to dictate its own conditions. Discussing the issues relatedto race and racial differences between particular peoples, including the ones belonging to theSlavic family, showed the authors’ political views and the future of the nation they envisaged.It also deepened the split within the Slavic studies. The sources available and studied by theSlavic history researchers did not provide clear answers to the question whether the Slavs aredirect descendants of the Aryans, therefore the research and texts that are examined in thearticle have creational and commentary nature and serve the function of creating narrativesshaping the community. The aim of this approach will be to reflect on how scientificdiscourse creates the foundations for identity myths.

„Polszczyzna mówiona miast” – kontynuacja badań z lat 80. XX wieku z wykorzystaniem narzędzi lingwistyki cyfrowej

Author(s): Anna Majewska-Tworek,Monika Zaśko-Zielińska,Piotr Pęzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2020

The subject of the research are old texts recorded as part of the “Spoken Polish of cities” project, which was carried out in Katowice, Kraków, Łódź and Wrocław in the last decades of the 20th century. The main aim of the article is to present a new study of Wrocław oral data from that period. The tools of digital humanities and corpus linguistics were used in the new study. The result of the team’s work is the Speech of Wrocław collection in Spokes resources.

„Potem przemówił komendant Brygady naszej tow. Hiszpan w języku niemieckim i tow. kapt. tłumaczył”

Tłumaczenie w Brygadach Międzynarodowych podczas wojny domowej w Hiszpanii 1936-1939

Author(s): Małgorzata Tryuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2021

The aim of the present article is to describe multilingual interactions at the XIII Jarosław Dąbrowski International Brigade between volunteers of different nationalities, mainly Poles, and the Spanish population as narrated by Boruch Nysembaum, a communist from Warsaw and a participant of the Spanish Civil War. At the same time, it is the first presentation of onthe- spot memoirs written by a volunteer who did not return from this war. On the basis of his narrative, the article tries to answer the questions concerning the way volunteers, who lacked adequate foreign language skills, communicated with the Spanish population and with other volunteers, the forms of their communications, and finally, the specific characteristics of this multilingual communication.

„Próżny teatr życia”. Do Jana Libiniusza. Usprawiedliwienie swej samotności (Oda IV. 12) Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego

Author(s): Anna Al-Araj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie zapatrywań Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego na wybrane kwestie z zakresu poetyki oraz interpretacja – wzbogacona o inne konteksty (Horacy, Jan Kochanowski) – jego Ody IV. 12 Do Jana Libiniusza. Usprawiedliwienie swej samotności. Rozważania poparte zostały odwołaniami do liryków i traktatów teoretycznych jezuity, cenną podbudowę stanowią ponadto rozprawy dotyczące twórczości sarmackiego Horacjusza autorstwa m.in. Andrzeja Borowskiego, Piotra Urbańskiego czy Elwiry Buszewicz. Artykuł składa się z dwóch zasadniczych części, z których pierwsza poświęcona jest poetyce sformułowanej Sarbiewskiego. Autorka przybliża w niej idee myśliciela dotyczące roli poety, hierarchii sztuk oraz funkcji zabiegu alegoryzacji i jego związku z koncepcją fabulosa theologia. W kolejnej części zwraca się uwagę na obecność motywów ignacjańskich w lirykach jezuity powstałych po 1625 roku. Nawiązania do doktryny zakonu św. Ignacego Loyoli w silnym stopniu naznaczają także tkankę Ody IV. 12, równie istotnymi kontekstami są ponadto topos theatrum mundi oraz dorobek literacki Horacego (zwłaszcza Carm. III. 1). Rozważania zostają zwieńczone tezą o spójności wyłożonych w rozprawach teoretycznych idei z wydźwiękiem „późnych” utworów Sarbiewskiego.

„Przez płytką rzekę historii”. Jan Paweł II i wątki oświeceniowe

Author(s): Tomasz Chachulski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1S/2020

This article consists of four sections devoted to the various circumstances in which John Paul II revealed his interest in the literature and culture of the 18th century. In the first part, a fragment of the Pope’s speech to the Polish parliament on June 11th, 1999 was analysed. John Paul II then recalled the Constitution of May 3rd and, citing the slogans related to its adoption and General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski’s return to Poland, updated the message, one which is so important for the Polish consciousness. The second part analyses those fragments of the book Memory and Identity in which John Paul II talks about the role of the Enlightenment in modern European history and the ambiguous heritage of the Enlightenment in the 20th century. The third part recalls some of the Pope’s comments on the evaluation of literary works in Memory and Identity. John Paul II seemed to particularly value such qualities as artistic perfection, a literary work as a testimony of life, and finally, the deep, uncompromising commitment of an author to their faith. The fourth part indicates those works, created in the eighteenth century, which were, or with a high degree of probability could be, the subject of interest and acceptance by John Paul II, based on his preferences, choices and literary interests.

„Przez wszystko do mnie przemawiałeś – Panie!”. Jak Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883) pomaga nam rozumieć współczesne znaki czasu?

Author(s): Grzegorz Bielak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The articles describes the characteristic features of Cyprian Kamil Norwid's spirituality on the basis of selected Letters from this writer. Norwid is a unique figure of the 19th century for Polish history and culture. The example of his spiritual life can inspire contemporary Christians. The discussed Letters indicate Norwid's close relationship with God, his trust in Providence in life's hardships and adversities and the conviction with which he proclaimed Christ and His Gospel. Norwid's spiritual example helps us to properly read the contemporary "signs of the times". Especially during the crisis caused, among others, by the coronavirus pandemic nad progressive secularization, Norwid's thoughts are also relevant today.

„Psát podle úplný pravdy“ Filipa Topola

Autenticita jako textualita

Author(s): Kristina Dokulilová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2020

Filip Topol himself has often confessed to a strong aura of authenticity which was created around his personality from the very beginning. I would like to uncover this phenomenon in his prosaic debut. In the introduction I try to resist the concept of authenticity in the sense of true representation of reality in his work. I perceive authenticity as the author´s intention, which he inscribes in the text during writing process. Authenticity is thus inscribed in the text by the author as an instruction intended to trigger this effect on the reader. Therefore we will focus on certain textual features, which have an authentic effect on the perceiver. This is not only caused by a mere isolated enumeration but mainly by their specific correlation in the text. These language elements that we recognize in the text as “authentic” are features with a pragmatic dimension, which means that they require anchoring in a particular context, be it a link to the text, the author´s life, or a general social context which is introduced by literary underground.

„Puszcza Białowieska rośnie na osadach ludzkich” – las i pamięć

Author(s): Katarzyna Sawicka-Mierzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The purpose of the article is to show the specifics of the forest as a memorial site. The starting point is the story of the graves of Romuald Rajs "Bury’s" victims hidden in the forest. The issue of the location of their graves, and later – a form of commemoration, is an example of memory conflicts that often occur in areas with a complex history and heterogeneous ethnic structure, to which Podlasie belongs. The events of 1946 and their consequences for subsequent generations of the inhabitants of Hajnówka became the factual canvas for the crime story of Okularnik [The Mercedes W210] by Katarzyna Bonda, the interpretation of which is an essential part of the considerations contained in the article. The forest, due to its ambivalent attributes and cultural connotations, such as opacity, place of refuge/ threat, closeness/ strangeness, persistence/ changeability, turns out to be one of the key metaphors for describing difficult community memory, which it hides/ conceals and protects at the same time. The research perspective used in the article is memory studies. The category of necropolitics (within the meaning of Ewa Domańska) is also important.

„Raport z oblężonego korpo” — kreowanie i wykpiwanie obrazu rzeczywistości przez „Młodych, wykształconych i z wielkich ośrodków”

Author(s): Alina Naruszewicz-Duchlińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present the image of the world and a particular social group (young employees of corporations), created by the author of a Facebook profile and satirical texts published in the Do Rzeczy weekly magazine. At face value, the profile and the texts praise political correctness and (neo)liberalism, but in reality, they treat them ironically. The heroes of the stories and their narrator use a sociolect parodying “corpo‑speech” and the manner in which the “left‑wing” media present reality. There are also numerous allusions to current political and cultural events, which are presented subjectively, humorously and with stylistic virtuosity.

„Rękopis znaleziony w Saragossie” Jana Potockiego i wybrane powieści XX wieku (Fowles – Rosendorfer – Gretkowska)

Author(s): Maria Janoszka / Language(s): Polish

The present study tries to show the unusual modernity of The Manuscript Found in Saragossa by Jan Potocki by analysing the intertextual relations between the work of the Count, written in the first decades of the 19th century, and two 20th-century novels: The Magus by John Fowles and The Architect of Ruins by Herbert Rosendorfer. Another novel subjected to analysis is Manuela Gretkowska’s Rękopis nieodnaleziony, czyli zalety szubienic.Convergences and similarities can be indicated primarily in the scope of the composition of works, genre and literary conventions used, the construction of the protagonist and novel spaces. Their analysis leads to further findings: these novels are linked by genre diversity, compositional and ideological polyphony, philosophical, epistemological, anthropological and metalliterary problems, dramatization of the depicted world, the element of irony and parody, the symbolism of the labirynth and circles, and other, more detailed ties, such as mirror motifs, love triangles or the figure of the Wandering Jew. All these works also highlight the importance of the act of narration and explore various areas of Mediterranean culture. Among the direct allusions present in the works of Rosendorfer and Gretkowska, there are repeated vampire motives that take up the game with the legend surrounding Potocki’s death, and at the same time draw an image of the „vampirism” of The Manuscript… itself, constructed from recurring, potentially infinite stories.From this perspective, The Manuscript… appears as a work extremely close to contemporary consciousness, pioneering in the face of 20th-century novels on many levels, from artistic solutions to the correlated vision of an unrecognisable, changeable and relative world. These numerous analogies, noticeable between works created in different epochs and national literatures, demonstrate the novelty of Potocki’s writing.

„Rozkosz dla zmysłów”, czyli język kart dań

Author(s): Lidia Przymuszała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2021

This article is about language used in menus. The recently changing approach to cooking and eating is also reflected in language that describes food. Restaurant menus are a clear example of this. It is because eating, i. e. experiencing the taste of dishes, does not only take using our tongue, but it also involves using language. Some restaurant owners are aware of the relationship between taste and word, which is reflected in the way some dishes are described in menu cards offered to customers. The purpose of the article is to analyse menus of selected restaurants and to show some linguistic tricks used by restaurant owners to encourage customers to eat in their restaurants.

„RUSSKAJA MYŚL” W KRĘGU SPRAW POLSKICH W LATACH OSIEMDZIESIĄTYCH XIX WIEKU

Author(s): Andrzej Rejowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/1970

Towards the end of the nineteenth century the periodical “Russkaia Mysl” had become one of the chief popularizer of Polish literature in Russia. It also started an energetic campaign for wider self-governing rights for the Polish population within the Russian monarchy. In the extremely difficult circumstances caused by pressure on the part of there actionary circles the programme of the periodical was an act of great courage which met with numerous attacks on the part of the Russian conservatists. Out of three possible pro Polish policies, i.e. denationalization, full independence, or a wide national autonomy the editors postulated the latter as the most realistic and fully attainable within the Russian monarchy. Thus they postulated fredom for Polish national initiatives, preservation of the Polish language and culture, freedom for the press, access to schools and posts in the administration, a Polish university in Warsaw, etc. In spite of the fact that Po­land’s independence was thus being indefinitely postponed these postulates constitutedan important step towards bringing the two nations together. The liberal editors of “Russkaia Mysl”, particularly Y.M. Lavrov and V.A. Golcev showed great friendliness and sympathy with the cause of Polish independence and aimed at a speedy turn in the unfavourable atmosphere in Russia after 1863. This was particularly noticeable in thepopularization of Polish literature by the periodical. Assuming that Polish literature was almost unknown in Russia they started with the great romantics. They published translations of four books from „Pan Tadeusz” , “Ode to Youth ”, and the sketch “Rome” by Adam Mickiewicz, the leading poet of this period. In an extensive article L. Polonski discussed patriotism and artistic values in Juliusz Slowacki’s works. From among the positivists E . Orzeszkowa’s works were highly appreciated for their engagement in social problems. Articles were written in defence of Henryk Sienkiewicz who became a subject of strong polemics in the Russian press. L. Kondratowicz-W. Syrokomla, J.I. Kraszewski, Zygmunt Miłkowski (T.T. Jeż), and other Polish writers, were also mentioned with appreciation. Thus in the journalism of the eighties of the nineteenth century “Russkaia Mysl” contributed greatly towards clearing away the prejudices which had accumulated over centuries between the two nations.

„Semantyczne pola” egzystencjalnego doświadczenia językowego – epifania i alienacja jako mimetyczne struktury formacji wychowawczej

Author(s): Jarosław Gara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2019

The existence of the man is manifested and expressed in the language. The man creates the language as much as the language creates the man. However, the most basic existential experience is expressed in the fact that the language represents and reflects the man himself: the language is expressed by the man and the language expressed the man. Two mods of “semantic fields” of existentaial linguistic experience are presence (in the form of linguistic epiphany) and alienation (in the form of linguistic alienation). Therefore, every educational formation takes place and is realized in the context of existential experience of presence or alienation (in the form of linguistic epiphany or alienation of the man as the subiect of mimetic patterns of action).

„Serotonina” lui Michel Houellebecq: un roman al „infernului capitalist”

Author(s): Tatiana Ciocoi / Language(s): Romany Issue: 2/2020

The present work is a critical analysis of Michel Houellebecq’s latest novel, “Serotonin”,published in January 2019 at Flammarion Publishing House. The study follows the thematic evolutionof the French writer’s novels in order to demonstrate that his entire narrative universe is builton the idea of a “civilizational failure”.The impossibility of happiness in a conformist, formalized andrigid world is the recurring theme of all Michel Houellebecq’s novels. The theological, philosophicaland literary-aesthetic concept of happiness is reduced to its biochemical, of pure hormonal secretiondimension, in order to underline the indisputable mutations of European humanistic culture and tolament the failures and regrets of the “civilized mammal”.The depth plan of the novel is dominatedby the search for some answers and solutions for the occidental man’s spiritual crisis, which aims toreconfigure from their basis the ideals, attitudes and founding values of the society.