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Remarques sur le concept de culturème

Author(s): Georgiana Lungu-Badea / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to give further details about the concept of cultureme (the culture-bound term or phrase), its definition and semantic field. The significance of this term in the theory of the cultureme and in the theory of linguistic transfer, in the sociology of culture and in sociolinguistics offers the opportunity to set the semantic limits of cultureme and to identify its significance in translation studies. The binary opposition cultureme-translation unit, cultureme-connotation, cultureme-neologism etc. is thought to be a powerful tool to elucidate the fundamental characteristic of the cultureme: monoculturality and its relative autonomy of translation. A classification of the culturemes is suggested to facilitate the translation process and to choose the most appropriate method of translation.

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Problématique de la traduction des faits culturels : Cas « original » de traduction du français vers l'arabe

Author(s): Manal Ahmed El Badaoui / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The article examines the translation of cultural elements and changes that occur from language to language, from one culture to another. We will study strategies used by authors for translating cultural elements, in the hope of identifying the ideal strategy. In this presentation, we will refer to the cultureme as a unit of cultural information. To illustrate the aspects of cultureme and determine the context and circumstances for choosing an option of translation instead of another, we will examine « La Nuit Sacrée », the novel by Tahar Ben Jelloun, published in 1987, and of the two Arabic translations of this book, done in Egypt in 1988 and in 1993.

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THE LEGAL TEXT: CONSTITUTION, CONCEPTS, CHARACTERISTICS

Author(s): Nicoleta Baghici / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

According to the constructive interdisciplinarity, the text draws attention of the theorists for several decades. In the new approaches, the text calls for complex research, including research centered on determining the mechanisms of producing and meaning understanding. A legal text is very different from ordinary speech. The concept of text is not identical at all authors, and sometimes it does not even have the same acceptance for one and the same author. However the legal text is based on the use of language, which is more than a stock of words, it is an instrument and an image, an object of power that seeks to be captured.The legal text reflects the terms and expressions of a legal system. In the legal text, language is a means of expression and texts constitute the main object of study. It is indisputable that law could not exist without a means of expression. The legal texts are very different depending on the type of legal act and its transmitters, are not uniform, as the legislator issues law, the judges speak it, the jurists comment on it, and the practitioners apply it. The style of law will differ from the style of a court order or a regulation. The proper drafting of the various types of texts is very important if we want the legal rules to be effective, that the judgments have exactly the same value that the judges impose on them, that the intention of the parties to a bilateral act to be expressed in the proper way. From this perspective, legal texts need to be coherent, drafted in impeccable style with the clearv use of terminology.

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DEVELOPING PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE WITH ENGLISH SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS

Author(s): Iulia Ignatiuc / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on the importance of pragmatic competence acquisition in the EFL classroom and on the great role the textbook plays in this process. It provides the results of an analysis of five English textbooks used in the schools of Moldova in the first five years of pupils’ studying English. The results show that all the textbooks contain some implicit and explicit pragmatic information, which, however, is not equally distributed. Special attention was paid to the treatment of speech acts in the textbooks. The results show that the success of pragmatic competence development depends on several factors revealed in the paper.

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МИНИ-ЛЕКЦИЯ КАК ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ МЕТОД ИЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ

Author(s): Tatiana Kononova / Language(s): Russian,German Publication Year: 0

The modernization of the educational system reveals new challenges and opportunities in the process of teaching foreign languages at the university, setting new requirements for a modern teacher prone to constant updating and professional learning. Mini-lectures are an innovative method of organizing the learning process in general and of presenting the theoretical material in private. This article examines the relevance and essence of mini-lectures; it focuses on how they are worked out and implemented as a means of creative self-realization of the future philologists providing the grounds for their personal development.

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MOVE THE WORLD THROUGH DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION

Author(s): Victoria Mascaliuc / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on training public speaking skills through differentiated instructions. It touches upon the importance of public speaking skills and principles to follow when differentiating instructions. The authenticity of the topic is determined by a lot of researches in the field, thus, the studies made by A. C. Tomlinson and S. E. Lucas have been used in creating the theoretical framework. The practical framework is based on one public speaking lesson that provides some findings on a way to differentiate instructions for four types of learners.

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The Rapid Shift from Onsite to Online Teaching – Students’ Perceptions

Author(s): Lulzime Kamberi,Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Recent developments in response to the Covid-19 pandemic have had a substantial impact on students, teachers and content delivery modes around the globe. This paper reports the efforts of the University of Tetovo (UT) in North Macedonia (NM) and Banat’s USAMVB University “King Michael I of Romania” to find rapid and efficient means of switching from direct to remote course delivery while maintaining effective communication. Acknowledging that little space was available for training teachers and learners to prepare for such rapid changes, this study examines how students responded. Applying exploratory research methods, the paper offers a preliminary analysis of the difficulties that learners faced in shifting to online presentation. Qualitative data was collected using student interviews and content analysis (Silverman, 2005) was applied to identify themes, biases and meaning. Convenience sampling among enrolled students in the academic year 2020/2021 at both universities identified a non-random sample of 16 students. The findings of the study revealed that participants faced many difficulties in their venture; however, using various strategies, effective planning and organization, they managed to a certain extent to overcome this situation.

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The Ethics of Elie Wiesel`s Storytelling as a New Theoretical Approach in Representing the Holocaust

Author(s): Alina Marincean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Grounded on Giorgio Agamben's assertion that once the historical, technical and legal context of the Jewish genocide has been sufficiently clarified, we are facing a serious challenge when we really seek to understand it and becomes more thought-provoking when we try to represent it. The difference between what we know about the Holocaust and how this delicate issue should be represented is facing major challenges in the context of content abundance on both Holocaust classical analyses or contemporary digital formats.Contemporary society is facing ethical and emotional limitation regarding Holocaust representation. What is the right way to represent the Holocaust after eight decades since the Holocaust took place is one of the relevant questions that arises in this context? How to live, what to do, and how do the consequences of my actions affect society after the Holocaust experience,are some of the quests of Elie Wiesel’s life. The paper will highlight how his storytelling provides some guidelines for shaping a possible good way of representing the Holocaust and what are its resources. It will also illustrate what are the ethical components of his storytelling that constitute an example of ethical conduct and give some relevant suggestions on how to instrument them in order to place Holocaust representation on a progressive way of reflection.

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TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH CAN BE DIFFERENT: INTRODUCING NEW METHODOLOGY CURRICULUM

Author(s): Olena Bevz,Alla Gembaruk,Oksana Zabolotna / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents the main stages of introducing new methodology curriculum designed within New Generation School Teacher Project. The Project is an innovative initiative supported by British Council Ukraine and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (since 2013). The article gives an outline of the following project stages: baseline study, study visits, the Curriculum design, piloting the Curriculum, and the Project monitoring. The baseline study (2013-2014) proved the necessity for the change in pre-service teacher education. The study visits to University of Modern Languages (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) and Norwich Institute of Language Education (Norwich, England) (2014) gave the possibility to observe and study the best practices of English teaching methodology. The Curriculum design stage (2014–2015) became the way of introducing innovative approaches, content, modes of teaching and learning, modes of interaction and new place of school experience into the programme of Preservice teacher training. The piloting stage that embraced 10 Ukrainian pedagogical universities gave the possibility to implement the Curriculum innovations in the methodology course. The Project monitoring (2016-2017) was based on students’ online questionnaires, project team members’ monitoring visits which included meetings with rectors, deans, heads of the departments, methodology teachers; students’ focus group discussion, demonstration lesson analysis. The Project monitoring programme provided data for evaluating the first year results. The results supported previous hypothesis that the introduction of the new curriculum would have a positive influence on the students in terms of developing 21st century skills as well as their motivation to choose teaching as a career.

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MODES OF LEARNING AND TEACHING IN METHODOLOGY SESSION

Author(s): Tatiana Konovalenko / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The author of the article presents the results of Baseline study within the joint project of British Council Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine “New Generation School Teacher” as well as the results of this project implementation. The project is described as the one to introduce change to the initial teacher education system in Ukraine. The shared information is on the modes of learning and teaching used in the course of Methodology of English Language Teaching which has been piloted since September, 2016 in 10 Ukrainian universities. The sessions within the experimental course contain a great variety of modes of learning and teaching. This course comprises the best examples of teaching as Methodology is the main course in future teacher’s education. The new Curriculum is shown as the one which focuses on developing the professional skills of teaching through student active participation in the methodology course. The author describes the following range of modes for students’ being engaged in active learning: group work, guided reading, jigsaw learning, microteaching, project work, task-based learning and workshop. The sessions of the Methodology course are based on the principles of Bloom’s Taxonomy and according to Kolb’s experiential cycle. They are held in English. There are always good opportunities for the development of students’ life skills. Within working in groups of changeable composition, future teachers learn to act collaboratively, to be responsible for the group’s decisions, to be tolerant, to be convincing. Their critical thinking is promoted as well. Student-centred Methodology sessions help students to become able of holding student-centred English classes in their future professional life. In the article there is a detailed description of one Methodology session comprising various modes of students’ learning. Besides, the author explains that the course of Methodology is closely connected with the practical aspects of learning and teaching at schools where students have their school practice.

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SEMANTIC STRUCTURE AND EVALUATING CHARACTERISTICS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH COMPONENTS DENOTING AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS

Author(s): Oksana Ponomarova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article is dedicated to the complex study of Ukrainian, English and German phraseological units with components naming people by their occupation in the agriculture-related industries. The person designations reflecting the place people occupy in social relationships network make up an important part of any language lexis, as they represent the nature of various social roles, values and views of different ethnical and social communities. The article highlights structural, semantic and stylistic features of set phrases with components denoting agricultural occupations. The role of denotation for the profession of this type in the formation of the phrase meaning is traced. Special attention is paid to evaluation of agricultural occupations, their approval or condemnation in the language society. As a result of the research, it is stated that phraseological units with components denoting agricultural occupations in Ukrainian, English and German express a wide range of meanings. In the inner structure of set phrases these professions may have direct original meanings as well as the following derivative phraseological ones: the denotation of any worker, social status, a certain type of personality. It is concluded that a positively evaluated verbal stereotype of a farmer represents the basic concepts of human activity: labour, though difficult, is considered to be the basis of a happy and prosperous life. Agricultural occupations meet all the requirements existing in public consciousness, such as benefit, creative work, physical labour, importance of a product, responsibility, quality of work and its complexity, qualifications; that is why they are highly appreciated.

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MEDIA EDUCATION AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING

Author(s): Yevheniia Protsko / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Today millions worldwide are Internet subscribers. It is easy to have the Internet connection everywhere: in different educational and social settings, coffee shops, public transport, shops, classrooms etc. This article attempts to investigate the usage of the Internet and Internet technologies in the process of teaching English as a foreign language, as at present to go with the times it is impossible for a teacher to neglect the interests and requirements of his students. We admit several problems with the traditional system of education: you need to pay thousands of dollars perterm to attend a prestigious school or University. But today you not always need to leave you home for studying - online learning has to be the greatest revolution in contemporary education.

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PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHER TRAINING REFORM PROJECT IN UKRAINE: ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING AND OF LEARNING

Author(s): Ihor Romanyshyn / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article highlights the essentials of the PRESETT reform project in Ukraine, key findings of the Baseline Study with a focus on assessment, the formative and summative assessments in the new PRESETT curriculum and the ways assessment is and can be used for improving student teachers’ learning. The author mostly draws on the material worked out by the project team. Based on the findings and recommendations of the Baseline Study the project team has developed new ways of assessing progress and achievement within the Methodology Curriculum of the PRESETT Bachelor’s programme. The assessment follows the principles of transparency, variety and balance, link to outcomes, manageability for methodology teachers and progression over the programme. In the new curriculum, continuous assessment is both formative and summative assessment, and the final assessment is summative. A special focus is given on the latest results of the piloting of the new curriculum carried out at Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University. The piloting of Modules 1, 2 and 3 of the curriculum has demonstrated that student teachers are efficient users of such types of continuous assessment as presentation and quiz, while they still need to improve reflective writing and personal account. The research offers classroom strategies that are effective in promoting formative assessment practice – the use of questioning, student thoughtful reflection, effective teacher feedback, peer feedback, student self-assessment, redrafting of the work, and the formative use of summative assessment. It also supports the idea that the following techniques/tools associated with formative assessment – checklist, classroom journal, conferencing, discussion, examples of good work, learning diary/log, open-ended questions, rubrics and sharing assessment criteria – can help students to learn more effectively.

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WHAT IS ‘TASK-BASED LEARNING APPROACH’?

Author(s): Olha Svyrydiuk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

What is Task-based Learning Approach? Task-based Learning is a different way to teach languages. It can help the students by placing his/her in a situation as in the real world. A situation where oral communication is essential for doing specific task. Task-based Learning has the advantage of getting the student to use his/her skills at his/her current level. To help develop language through its use. This article aims to present key principals of TBL, the advantages of using it. It gives a clear explanation of ‘Task-based Learning’ structure and some recommendations to use it while teaching English to adults.

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I am Mad, Therefore I think

Author(s): Rumyana Cholakova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper analyzes the first modern Chinese short story, Lu Xun’s “Diary of a Madman” with the help of some ideas from modern psychology and literary theory. My theoretical frame of reference is Foucault’s idea that madness is a particular lack of language (voice). Both Foucault and the American psychiatrist Thomas Szasz see psychiatry as a discipline for the scientific protection of society and an instrument of oppression. In Lu Xun’s short story “madness” is also related to the castigation of society, not to health and reason. Descartes divides reason and madness, Foucault tries to restore the voice of madness and its right to speak. Lu Xun, however, goes a step further than Foucault. He equates thinking with “madness.”

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Winterův román ůistr Kampanus a některé jeho významové souvislosti

Author(s): Jiří Kudrnáč / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper is devoted to the historical novel Master Kampanus (publ. in book form in 1909) by the Czech writer and historian Zikmund Winter (1846–1912), and to its comparison with some similar Czech and foreign books, namely, Darkness by Alois Jirásek, Salammbô by Gustave Flaubert, The Egyptian by Mika Waltari and some recent Czech historical novels. Master Kampanus is one of the books of fiction that belong to the debates on the sense of Czech history. It is characterized by a close relation between the protagonist and his milieu, thematization of the conflict between the great and small history, tragicomism, and the rich use of irony.

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Lyrické drama Františka Hrubína

Author(s): David Kroča / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The study deals with an interpretation of a play by František Hrubín, Křišťálová noc. The year 2021 will mark sixty years since its premiere on the stage of the National Theatre in Prague. The present work discusses the public reception of the drama right after the release and its standing in the context of contemporary theatre with a special account of the response after the ambitious Prague staging in Švando vo divadlo in 2011. The significance of this almost forgotten play by Hrubín lies mainly in presenting non-idyllic characters along with the theme of the revolting youth and provocative daily ordinariness introduced to the Czech theatre by Hrubín at the beginning of the 1960s.

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Verbum de verbo sive sententia desententia

Author(s): Georgi Kapriev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Two translation procedures from the 12th century are the subject of consideration in this critical essay: the way in which Anselm of Havelberg’s debates were translated in Constantinople in 1136 and the reading by Gerhoh of Reichersberg and his followers of the resolutions of the Synod of the Church in Constantinople in 1166. The aim of the analysis is to refute the widely held view that the nature of Latin translations in the 12th century was constantly the execution verbum pro verbo.

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"Устройство" на славянския език

Author(s): Tanya Neycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

At the beginning of the 19th century, the “father of Slavic philology” Josef Dobrovský published his work entitled Basics of the Old Slavonic Language (1822). In doing so, he did not step on a previously untrodden ground but took as a basis the famous Slavonic Grammar (1619) by Meletius Smotritsky. The present text attempts to compare the point of view of the two authors, separated by 200 years, towards the same literary language – the Church Slavonic. It appears that while Meletius looked forward to the future, Dobrovsky looked back to the oldest state of an already classical language.

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CIORAN, HEIDEGGER AND ADORNO – EXIT FROM THE "NOTEBOOKS"

Author(s): Ovidiu-Marius Bocsa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The gesture of leaving a given environment/milieu or an exteriorization of "interiority" and "subjectivity" is as risky as that of suicide to understand death. Forgetting, ultimate sincerity, exaltation, deconstructive memory could be quite unexpected and unwanted forms of death by anchoring in an unknown port marked by anxiety, or eviscerating an eye, that is, restricting vision, vision and creative imagination under the tyranny of the ideas. I added three individual models. "Notebooks" are a threshold, e.g. a space for intermediation, exit or entry, or stumbling. The warning in the pavilion would sound like this: We can be guided by utopias and generous ideas, but they can degrade, becoming ideologies that lead to dystopias, nihilism, disasters, frustrations and self-frustrations, regrets. "Let's leave the door open for us," Theodor W. Adorno urges us somewhere in A Message from The Bottle, that is, to leave neither hope nor the possibility of returning to ourselves, that is, after the beautiful Romanian saying of "come to our senses", to return to our (human) nature.

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