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The publication is dedicated to a unique burial mound of the Early Iron Age in the Republic of Adygea. Аs a result of a study of the mound 3 at the Dysh IV burial ground complexes of the “Novocherkassk” and the “Zhabotin” types were discovered. Stratigraphy and plan of the mound allow us to consider these complexes as synchronous and dated back to the first third of the 7th century BC. Among artefacts that determine chronology and cultural attribution are horse harness items. The scepter made of stag’s antler decorated with images in the Scythian animal style was found in the “Zhabotin” burial 1. The item is the evidence of the penetration of this style from the east of Eurasia.
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The article presents and analyzes for the first time the materials obtained during the study of the Scythian barrow 12 of the “Garden” group excavated in 2018 near Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The barrow was surrounded by a circular ditch where a rectangular stela was installed. The single Scythian grave was arranged in an unusual catacomb — with two entrances adjoining to the funeral chamber from the west and east. The complex was not looted. The burial of the male was accompanied by a quiver set of 100 arrowheads (90 from bronze and 10 from horn), a pair of spears, as well as a rectangular abrasive tool and a cigar-like whetstone. The spearheads were put in the case, which was fixed with a finial. Another similar item from the burial was used for attachment of clothes. Burial food and a knife were behind the head of the buried person. The grave is dated back to the second half of the 5th century BC and, in conjunction with other Scythian sites near the Glinoe village, indicates the continuous existence of the Scythian culture on the left bank of the Dniester in the 5th—2nd centuries BC.
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The publication continues the presentation of the Sargat culture materials and deals with field and desk-top investigation of two male burials found under barrow 6 in Gaevsky 1 cemetery (Trans-Urals, Tobol river basin). The analyzed assemblages are exceptional due to preservation (intact tombs), which provides each stage of the undertaken study with various information and bio-archaeological reconstructions. The paper is based on already published materials, which within interdisciplinary approach yields new data and interpretations, when already known materials are being considered from the general to the case study and from the distinct to the specific. Results of ancient DNA of the males under study are of particular interest. Their close kinship was not attested, while mtDNA and Y-chromosome were analyzed within Sargat genepool. Thus, life-style, social environment and cultural tradition can be seen as individual scope, similar to personality.
More...Archeometallurgie Precieuse de la Culture de Varna a Celle des Thraces
More...Thracian Sanctuary-fortress at the Village of Strashimir - The Middle Rhodopes
More...Unbekannte Steinstellen aus der Römischen Provinz Thracia. Eine Kunsthistorische Betrachtung
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This article aims to bridge the gap between history and archaeology by linking the methodological and theoretical developments of both scientific disciplines. This is done by tracing general societal trends and developments within both disciplines, divided into five periods, from the professionalization of the sciences in the nineteenth century, up to the present day. The result will hopefully offer practitioners of both disciplines an insight into the others’ intellectual framework, and thereby foster better understanding and opportunities for future cooperation.
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The early period of the Christianization of Livonia has until recently been considered in terms of written and archaeological sources, but the present article focuses on visual material. We will try to answer the question why two stone fortresses—Üksküla and Holme— had to be built in the Livonian territory in the context of a peaceful German mission, and why their architectural style is quite different, eliminating the possibility that they could be the work of the same hands. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia tells us that both building projects were initiated by Canon Meinhard of the Segeberg Convent. In 1186, when the first of the two strongholds had been built, but not the second, Meinhard also became bishop. Although the investiture of a bishop by the Archbishop of Bremen should have been considered an important landmark in the Christianization of Livonia by the Church of Riga, the fact is only briefly mentioned in Henry’s Chronicle. More significant reasons for this gloss over such a major event may be found by looking more closely at the architecture of the Holme castle. The style clearly follows that of the Danish 12th century state fortresses, presenting an intriguing synthesis between the castle on the island of Sprogø and the Havn castle of Bishop Absalon of Roskilde. Besides architecture, the fortresses’ spatial relation to the landscape deserves special attention. Most 12th century Danish fortresses are built on islands, facilitating the control of maritime traffic. The name in Henry’s Chronicle, castrum Holme, denotes a castle built on a small isle in the Scandinavian languages, and considering the position of the island, the fortress was conveniently placed for controlling the traffic on the river Daugava. We could draw the conclusion that after his investiture, Bishop Meinhard turned to the Danes for advice on the next steps to be taken in Livonia. The same happened in the Wendish Crusade, when Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and King Valdemar of Denmark divided the conquered areas between them. Furthermore, after Bishop Albert’s (1199-1229) ordination his first official visit was paid to the King of Denmark. The Danish marked their presence in the area with a castle on the isle of Holme. This explains why, in 1188, Archbishop Hartwig applied for papal approval to specifically emphasise the bishopric’s subordination to Bremen. This could also be the reason for Henry’s taciturnity on the subject in his Chronicle and for the later exculpations of the Church of Riga, including the claim that this church antedated both the Danish crusade and the Danish mission in the region. The construction of the Holme castle lends credibility to the suggestion that Knud VI’s ambitions in Livonia were considerably broader than the historiography has so far suggested.
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Review of: Jasna Jeličić Radonić, Hermina Gőricke-Lukić & Ivan Mirnik. “Faros, Grčki, grčko-ilirski rimski novac“, III, Književni krug Split, Biblioteka Knjiga Mediterana 99, Split 2017, 305 f.
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Review of: Wiebke Rohrer: Wikinger oder Slawen? Die ethnische Interpretation frühpiastischer Bestattungen mit Waffenbeigabe in der deutschen und polnischen Archäologie. (Studien zur Ostmitteleuropaforschung, Bd. 26.) Verl. Herder-Inst. Marburg 2012. VIII, 257 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-87969-376-4. (€ 38,–.). Reviewed by Jens Schneeweiß.
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This paper is intended as a contribution to the understanding of Late Iron Age foodconsumption patterns and dietary preferences along the lower course of the River Daugava.The multidisciplinary study analysed the ceramic vessels from the 11th–13th century Raušisettlement and cemetery. We used lipid residue analysis employing GCMS (gaschromatographymass spectrometry), GCCIRMS (gaschromatographycombustionisotoperatio mass spectrometry) and bulk EAIRMS (elemental analyserisotope ratio massspectrometry) of foodcrusts for identifying vessel contents. The results are compared andassessed in the context of food refuse finds at the site, and the carbon and nitrogen isotopicbaseline of River Daugava. Other evidence of dietary practices reported in previous researchand historical sources is also integrated in the discussion.The results point to the Liv burial pottery being taken directly from the household as asecondary use. The pottery analyses and bone refuse indicate that the people of Rauši mostlybased their diet on fish, beef and milk. Pork, however, seems to have gone through alternativecooking practices like drying, curing or fermenting. Surprisingly none of the analysed potshad been used for extensive processing plant matter. Cultivated crops seem to have been usedas a supplement to the protein rich diet.
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Review of: Michael Müller-Wille: Zwischen Starigard/Oldenburg und Novgorod. Beiträge zur Archäologie west- und ostslawischer Gebiete im frühen Mittelalter. (Studien zur Siedlungsgeschichte und Archäologie der Ostseegebiete, Bd. 10.) Wachtholtz. Neumünster 2011. 312 S., Ill., Kt. ISBN 978-3-529-01399-7. (€ 50,–.). Reviewed by Eduard Mühle.
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Review of: Mittelalterliche Eliten und Kulturtransfer östlich der Elbe. Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zu Archäologie und Geschichte im mittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa. Hrsg. von Anne Klammt und Sébastien Rossignol. Univ.-Verl. Göttingen 2009. 238 S., Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. ISBN 978-3-941875-10-4. (€ 24,–.). Reviewed by Matthias Hardt.
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The influence of recent archaeological excavations in the territory of Latium and Rome on the restoration of some aspects of the religious life in these areas was discussed. The study aimed to verify what we know about the ancient tradition of the Roman religion and the temple construction in the archaic era. The following methods were used: the principle of historicism, comparative-historical method, and historical-genetic method. The problems of reconstruction and dating of temples in Rome, evolution of the image of the temple and its concept, changes in the principles of temple construction were considered. A number of examples of recent archaeological excavations, which in some cases specify – for example, the excavations of the temple complex in Fidenae – or directly confirm the data of the ancient tradition on the Roman religion (human sacrifices in Ancient Rome), were provided. At the same time, some problems remain controversial, such as the size of the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. The archaeological findings show a strong Etruscan influence on the architecture of Latium and that of Rome in particular. However, the Central Italy was strongly influenced by the Greek culture, which penetrated into Italy with the Greek colonists. For this reason, there are both Etruscan (general concept of the temple, decor and statues) and Greek (columns and their location) elements in the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. The obtained results demonstrate that, in general, the ancient tradition as a whole accurately conveys everything related to the religion and temple construction. The works of ancient authors reflect the evolution of religious beliefs and its impact on the life of people. The results of the study are important for the reconstruction of religious life in ancient Rome and Latium.
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Articolul prezintă tezaurul monetar din secolele XVI-XVII descoperit la Tanacu (jud. Vaslui).
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Articolul prezintă un tezaur monetar din secolele XVII-XVIII descoperit la Cleja (Jud. Bacău)
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Review of: Nina Lau: Pilgramsdorf/Pielgrzymowo. Ein Fundplatz der römischen Kaiserzeit in Nordmasowien. Eine Studie zu Archivalien, Grabsitten und Fundbestand. (Studien zur Siedlungsgeschichte und Archäologie der Ostseegebiete, Bd. 11.) Wachholtz. Neumünster 2012. 219 S., Ill., graph. Darst., Kt., dt., engl. u. poln. Zusfass. ISBN 978-3-529-01371-3. (€ 50,–.). Reviewed by Jens Schneeweiß.
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