Е. Димитрова, А. Ангелов. Помагало по фонетична акомодация за гръцки студенти.
Review of: Е. Димитрова, А. Ангелов. Помагало по фонетична акомодация за гръцки студенти. Международно социолингвистически дружество. София, 1999. 59 стр.
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Review of: Е. Димитрова, А. Ангелов. Помагало по фонетична акомодация за гръцки студенти. Международно социолингвистически дружество. София, 1999. 59 стр.
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Review of: Phonological Theory and the Dialects of Italy (ed. by Lori Repetti) [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, vol. 212]. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam / Philadelphia, 2000. 301 стр.
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The article examines perception of Japanese word-accent in Bulgarian learners of Japanese. The main experiment of the study was carried using synthesized sound of nonsense words, in addition to which a questionnaire was used in order to find out, among other things, what exactly sound parameters the subjects used as cues during the experiment. The subjects are Bulgarians, studying Japanese in Bulgaria. The main findings may be summarized as follows: 1) Pitch remains the only reliable cue for correct recognition of Japanese word-accent 2) The pattern with a pitch-fall after the first mora is the most easily recognized, no matter what the accept-perception abilities of the subject are. 3) The pattern with no pitch-fall is the most easily recognized in subjects with high overall perception abilities. 4) The so-called ‘‘special mora” seems to distort the subjects’ judgements, being generally perceived as accented. This may be due to a certain acoustic resemblance between syllables containing a “special mora” and stressed syllables in Bulgarian.
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The phonemic systems of contemporary Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian have been analysed in this paper and the similarities and differences between them have been determined. For this purpose V. A. Vinogradov’s classification of the structural differences between the two languages (1972) has been used. According to this classification, in which he gives an articulate phonological interpretation, the differences between the Bulgarian and the Serbo-Croatian phonetic systems are analysed on the basis of different systems of choice, of phonemic categories and of contextual realization and of phonemes.
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The present work deals with the recent evolution of the non-academic practice of English transliteration of Bulgarian, starting with the introduction of the Streamlined System in 1995, its subsequent progress and official endorsement, as well as its present use for electronic communication in Romanized Bulgarian, and its possible relevance to the phonetic spelling of English.
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In the 17th century, the English region of East Anglia contained many of the major population centres of the British Isles, not least Norwich, England’s second city at that time. One might therefore predict that East Anglian dialects of English would have played a major role in determining the nature of the new colonial Englishes which were first beginning to emerge during this period. This paper considers some of the phonological and grammatical features of East Anglian English which can be argued to have been influential in this way.
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The present contribution discusses the phonological reality of initial fricative h- in words of Germanic and French origin in dialectally identified 106 texts from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose (Markus 2008), with the focus on native words where initial h- is frequently mute, as confirmed by (a) h-less spellings like ouse for house or especially (b) the use of the article an before h-nouns. In the early texts a phrase like an house may testify to the survival of the historical determiner (OE ān) put before both initial vowels and consonants, but in later texts this position may indicate mute initial h- in the following noun (or in an adjective before a noun). The paper offers numerical data concerning such distributions in particular Corpus texts as well as analogous data referring to the adjectives MIN and THIN (later on my and thy), where the final nasal consonant was lost when used in the function of an attribute. Consequently, this development led to the rise of a set of possessive adjectives with a syntactic, not phonological, distribution The data from the Innsbruck Corpus seem to indicate that an early loss of initial prevocalic h- in Middle English words of Germanic origin took place in particular texts rather than in texts from the whole region. The evidence from the Corpus shows that the implementation of the contemporary distribution, i.e., a before consonants and an before vowels, had a partly regional character, its first traces coming from as early as the 13th century.
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Multilingualism at the European or worldwide level is related to the need for changing the perception of foreign language teaching and learning. As a result, the concept of language awareness has been given a high priority. It implies the reflection on the language elements and their functions – language comparisons on the one hand, and the interdisciplinary sensitivisation for languages with the inclusion of language curiosity, etc. on the other. At the same time, the concept of language awareness plays a significant role in the field of tertiary language didactics, such as teaching German after English. With that in mind, this article presents in-depth reflections about the consciousness of pronunciation aspects and their multidimensional character.
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Linguists around the world have been researching international English for a long time, forming three paradigms of thought and research – English as an International Language (EIL), World English (WE) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). The aim of this paper is to present a review of the research conducted so far regarding English in Serbia and, thus, to offer insight into the inner workings of Serbian English, all in the light of ELF research. Bearing in mind that research within the ELF paradigm framework is not carried out often in Serbia, all the studies presented in this paper view the Serbian English variety as learners’ language. The elimination of contrastive studies was taken as the basic criterion for literature selection, which made it possible to compare the Serbian linguists’ studies with the ELF paradigm framework. Studies within the scope of phonetics/phonology and pragmatics were found. As regards to phonetics and phonology, papers of only two authors fit in with the established criterion. The findings of their studies confirm that Serbian English speakers have acquired the phonetic features necessary for international communication, i.e. the ELF phonetic core. Nonetheless, it was not possible to compare Serbian English pragmatic studies with ELF research – ELF studies involve spoken corpora, while Serbian English studies encompass questionnaires and interviews. Therefore, there is much to be discovered about the Serbian variety of English. Conducting further research into Serbian English within the ELF paradigm would allow comparison with ELF standards and unveil those linguistic elements which students in Serbia need to acquire in order to participate in international communication more efficiently.
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Aim. Phonetic deficits are one of the core language-cognitive symptoms at cognitive level aetiology of dyslexia in variety languages and orthographies. The presented study examines possibilities of diagnosis of phonological deficits in the Slovak language (similar to Czech and Polish grapheme-phoneme rules) in students at upper secondary schools. The comparison of 237 non-dyslectics and 149 dyslectics in upper secondary schools brings new stimulus for diagnostic procedures at counselling centres. Methods. Four phonemic awareness tests for upper secondary school students (aged 15-20 years) were developed. The testing tasks included tasks on phoneme analysis/segmenting in words and non-words (10), phoneme synthesis/blending in words and non-words (10), phoneme transposition in words and non-words (8), and phoneme elision in non-words (8). Results. Dyslectics achieved a lower average score in phonemic awareness tests than non-dyslectics. First and second year students (aged 15-17 years) achieved similar average scores, but third and fourth year students (aged 17-20 years) achieved lower results. The t-statistic for the phonological analysis tests was 2.827 with df 56.259 and a p-value of 0.007, indicating a significant difference between the groups under study. The t-statistic for the phonological synthesis tests was -2.568 with df 284 and a p-value of 0.011, also indicating a significant difference between the groups. The t-statistics for the phonological transposition and elision tests indicate that there is no significant difference between the dyslexic and non-dyslexic group. Conclusion. The study brought several inspirations for the tasks and tests that can be used in the diagnosis and re-diagnosis of dyslexia, specifically for adolescents.
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Our work aims to analyses different types of ambiguity identified in the comic strips Asterix and their role as comic procedures. The main types identified are the phonetical and lexical ones, but we can also include the defigement as a comic method which can rise some understanding problems on the part of the message receiver.
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This article analyses the vowel in the illative marker of monosyllabic nouns which usually copies the quality of the stem vowels. The data come from different questionnaires recorded by Soikkola Ingrian speakers in the 21st century. The main point of interest is the contradiction between the fact that the vowel in the illative marker copies the stem vowel and the fact that existing descriptions often indicate raising of mid vowels in the stem but not in the illative suffix. Both auditory analysis and acoustic measurements are used to check the correspondence between the quality of the stem and suffix vowels in the illative forms of monosyllabic nouns. The research reveals that there is both interspeaker and intraspeaker variation in the quality of the vowels under discussion, and several different strategies can be used for building the illative marker. The rounded stem vowels öö and oo are opposed to the unrounded ee: if raised in the stem, the latter does not influence the quality of the suffix vowel. In most cases, the quality of the rounded stem and suffix vowels is the same, so a transcription where these vowels are denoted differently is not justified. Pronunciations where both the stem and suffix vowels are half-raised argue for an alternative variant of the Soikkola Ingrian phonological system.
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The subject of research in this article are temporal names associated with relative time, occurring in the Kujawy dialects. The research material comes from the Dictionary of dialect and culture of Kujawy and its extensive – numbering several thousand dictionary entries – file. The purpose of the analysis is to describe their motivations and meanings. A review of the names shows that native terms dominate, and that time by the Kujawiaks was not understood as a physical quantity regulated by clock hands. People living according to the rhythm of the seasons, days, liturgical calendar, used temporal names resulting from the observation of repetitive natural phenomena and related to church holidays and annual customs important for their community.
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The paper deals with the formant structure of trills in the contemporary Baltic languages – Lith. [r], [rʲ] and Lat. [r]. The aim of the paper is to compare the formant structure of trills (F1, F2, F3 and F4) in prevocalic (<R>VR), intervocalic (V<R>V) and postvocalic (RV<R>) positions and its variation in the context of different vowels, to highlight the trends of formant dynamics in Lithuanian and Latvian and to determine the statistical significance of the differences. The study shows that according to the average values of the first two formants, Lat. [r] occupies an intermediate position between non-palatalized Lith. [r] and palatalized Lith. [rʲ]. Syllable position has a statistically significant influence on the first formant of trills in Lithuanian and on all four formants in Latvian. According to the results, the context of adjacent vowels has a similar influence on the formants of trills in both languages: the first formant is related to the height of the adjacent vowel, and the second and subsequent formants depend on the backness of the adjacent vowel.
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Dialectologists have discussed the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols for the transcription of Lithuanian dialects since 2017, the IPA collection for Standard Lithuanian was also approved in 2021, but until now, the possibilities of Aukštaitian transcription have been examined in more detail, and less attention has been paid to Žemaitian subdialects. The article addresses the questions of transcribing the Žemaitian subdialects of the Lithuanian language by the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), revises certain symbols from the earlier set of the IPA symbols for the sounds of Lithuanian dialects presented in 2017 and ways of transcribing. In terms of transcribing, the system of vocalism and especially of prosody in Žemaitian subdialects is more complex than Aukštaitian; the Žemaitian pitch accents have different characteristics. These differences are most relevant when transcribing diphthongs, which are characterized by a particularly high variability. The article gives many examples of transcribing the syllables, which contain diphthongs and bear different pitch accents. After more in-depth studies on dialectal phonology are conducted in the future and more theoretical works are generalized, the transcription of Lithuanian dialects by the IPA symbols will be further revised.
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Review of: Dalia Kiseliunaitė: kuršių nerijos kuršininkų kalba: i dalis. Fonetika ir fonologija, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2022, 219 p. DOI doi.org/10.35321/e-pub.41.kursininku-kalba-I-dalis ISBN 978-609-411-320-8 (bendras), ISBN 978-609-411-321-5 (I dalis)
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This article aims to draw attention to some of the most common difficulties experienced by students learning to write, but especially by partially bilingual Romanian speakers. Among the causes that constitute such difficulties, we identify phonetic aspects, lexical aspects and grammatical aspects. Our goal is to make those who coordinate the trainees in learning the correct use of the Romanian language aware of a series of natural challenges presented to them by verbal communication in the Romanian language. We believe that, given the existence in many schools of students who do not speak Romanian or who speak a little of this language, the aspects we have pointed out can benefit from deepening knowledge in this regard.
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Будући да су протеклих година установљеном гушћом мрежом пунктова углавном попуњене белине на терену шумадијско-војвођанских говора у румунском Банату, у раду се на основу прелиминарних дијалектолошких извештаја представља нацрт за лингвогеографску скицу. Намера аутора је да се мапирањем одабраних дијалекатских појединости укаже на унутрашњу диференцијацију зоне те да се ови говори лингвогеографски сагледају у ширем комплексу сродних говорних типова нашег историјског Баната.
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The objective of the paper is to explain the way Radovan Zogović uses stylematics and stylogenicity of phonostylistic units to achieve enhanced expressiveness in his works. After a short introduction to the stylistic peculiarities of the mentioned units, the paper focuses on examples from Zogović's oeuvre, but also from the oeuvre of other Montenegrin writers, to place the actions of this author in the context of earlier phonostylistic actions of this environment, starting with those so early that opinions are divided about their intentionality and character (like the example of Old Man Milija) to newer authors, Zogović's contemporaries. By comparing these procedures, the author (in addition to the basic conclusion that Zogović, as a proven expert in his craft and the author of a particular style described in many works by earlier authors, consciously created his own style at all linguistic and stylistic levels) concludes that, apart from the already mentioned stylistic levels and procedures, the writer also had an excessively developed palette of phonostylistic means, some of which he shares with other good authors, still giving them his own stamp, while he realizes others in his own and unique way, equally successfully.
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The therapeutic relationship holds an important role in the therapeutic process and has been a highly researched topic in fields such as medicine, psychotherapy, counselling or physiotherapy. More recently, the research has also focused on the therapeutic relationship in the field of speech and language therapy, presenting one of the influential factors from both a clinical and an interpersonal perspective. Considering these aspects, the present paper aims to examine the influence of the speech therapist’s empathy and the quality of the relationship with the beneficiary in relation with the efficacy in the therapeutic process. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the ability of the speech therapists to create a therapeutic relationship based on their level of empathy, that supports the children and their engagement in the rehabilitation process, an open communication, along with the therapists’ perceptions on the child’s conflict and dependency.
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