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The article illustrates the thesis – which has been put forward in recent years by many linguists and literary scholars – that a closer connection between linguistics and literary studies may prove useful and inspiring for both fields. The analysis of Julian Tuwim’s poem Życie [Life] demonstrates that such interdisciplinary, or in fact transdisciplinary, methodological framework combining poetics and linguistics, and specifically cognitive linguistics, proves very productive. The English translation of Tuwim’s poem is also analyzed in the article. A review of various studies in cognitive linguistics shows that the “poetics of grammar” in the poem in question is achieved by means of: (i) verbal prefixes, (ii) verbal aspect, and (iii) quantitative iconicity of sequence. The (intuitive, impressionistic) interpretations of Życie quoted in the article turn out to be fully consistent with the grammatical interpretation. The English translation of the poem discussed in the final part of the article proves inadequate, not because of the incompetence of the two translators, but because of systemic grammatical discrepancies. Therefore, it further supports the thesis that a significant part of the meaning of the analyzed poem is contained in its grammatical structure. The poet’s (and the reader’s) intuition confirms the linguistic analysis, and the linguistic analysis validates theoretical and literary interpretations.
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Topicalization, understood as highlighting the topic of an utterance, has different syntactic, lexical, and punctuational exponents. Punctuational exponents are specific to Norwid, constituting a peculiar equivalent of suprasegmental exponents of the thematic-thematic structure in a written text. The discussed operation introduces a hidden contrast, indicating that the topic of an utterance is X rather than any other conceivable topic, or an object which could be selected from a previously signaled class. This is accompanied by the following intention: ‘I am talking about X, not about Y, Z… etc.’, This blurs the clear distinction into the thematic and rhematic part, and hence represents Norwid’s characteristic strategy of speaking, in which the main topic and rhemat seem equally important.
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This paper attempts to overview how a fictional character from the Arthurian myth became transferred to biomedical sciences entering complex variance relationship with other terms introduced at the same time. Applying the cognitive linguistic methodology, we first model the structures of knowledge represented by the initial concept through outlining the conceptual characteristics. Then we study the discursive features of using the term “merlin” and pinpoint those characteristics that get actualized in scientific papers. The term allows for great creativity to be unleashed exploiting those structures and transferring them to another knowledge domain. Merlin as a term is preferred in review papers and seems to serve as a marker of some yet unresolved questions of basic science.
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The National Library of Latvia (NLL) is the methodological centre of Latvian libraries in data creation and ensuring the development of data standards as well as the methodical centre co-ordinating the terminology work of library field and related branches. The historical insight shows the development of terminology work and allows to trace the development of terminology work and problems. The terms are adopted and approved by the subcommittee of the Terminology Commission of the Latvian Academy of Science (LAS). The article highlights the role of the NLL in the implementation and translation of Resource Descriptions and Access (RDA) standard in Latvia. It is the standard for descriptive cataloguing, intended for use by libraries and other cultural organizations such as museums and archives. The RDA standard includes a set of data elements, guidelines and instructions that can be adapted for other information communities around the world, such as museums and archives. The translation problems of RDA Glossary are described, as well as principles and solutions for correct reproduction of RDA terms and their explanations in Latvian. An overview is provided of how the correct, appropriate terminology was followed in the translation process of the terms, so that the chosen term, in the appropriate meaning, could be used throughout the translation and related documents. Finally, the influence of RDA terms on the common data model of Latvia memory institutions for the unified discovery of cultural heritage digital resources is also outlined.
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The article addresses the synonymy in terminology expressed by metalinguistic comments. To identify more varied types of synonyms, it was decided to study the synonyms in the texts intended for the general public rather than scientific texts. The main source of the study is the part of web corpus Lithuanian Web 2014 (ltTenTen14) compiled from texts taken from educational health websites. The study intended to reveal the character of explicit synonymy, to distinguish the most problematic cases. Considerable attention is paid to the questions of the selection of synonyms.
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Review of: Piotr Michałowski - Illustrated dictionary of literary terms. History, anecdote, etymology, edited by Zbigniew Kadłubek, Beata Mytych Forajter and Aleksander Nawarecki.
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This article presents the Lithuanian terminology used to name intellectual disability and its levels in the 20th century and early 21st century, and reviews the terms denoting the same disorder and its levels in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). It explains what factors led to the change of the terminology in this field and what causes determined the emergence of at least four terms, which are currently synonymously used in official Lithuanian documents, public and scientific discourses and in practice to name intellectual disability: intelekto sutrikimas (disorder of intellect), intelekto negalia (intellectual disability), protinis atsilikimas (mental retardation), and silpnaprotystė (feeble-mindedness). Moreover, the article examines the possible impact of each of these terms on societal attitudes toward the group of individuals with this disorder.
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Every term must have a definition – the outcome of a constructive agreement. The content of the definition depends on the scope of the concept. After the number of basic and distinguishing features reflected by it changes (decreases or increases), the content of the definition may change as well (it may be updated, i.e. narrowed or expanded). When the definition of the same concept is being created, the professionals of a certain field may choose slightly different features to define the same concept. Such inconsistency may be determined by the difference in their experience, education, concept perception, and even imagination. Referring to specific examples, the article presents the first more in-depth analysis addressing the relationship of subordination between the constituent component(s) of a combinative term and its definition.
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2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the first Lithuanian Terminology Commission, which systematized the terminology of various fields, including law, in an organized manner. Lithuanian, as the official language of law, took only the first steps at that time. The list of legal terms considered by the Terminology Commission and published several times in the press contributed to the standardization of the legal language. Although small, the list, which included examples of usage, helped to write court texts in Lithuanian and performed a largely didactic function.
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The article analyses two-word composite names with liga as the head element and dependent elements expressed by participles, which were used in the medical texts of the late 19th century – early 20th century written in a popular scientific style (books, booklets, newspaper and calendar articles). It explains the specific features of expression of those elements and the semantic functions of the head element liga and addresses the question of the choice of the participles of different expression and the attribution of the names under analysis to terms. The names are discussed in the framework of different groups formed on the basis of the voice (passive or active) and the form of expression (simple or pronominal) of the participles, which are used as dependent elements. The dominant type of their expression is Dlvnvk ← Dktvliga, and the dominant subtype is Dlvnvk(ppr) ← Dktvliga. The names with the shade of the subject are most widespread: the head element liga usually plays the function of the subject. Most names are not terms, as they do not specify concepts, and their dependent element denotes a temporary quality.
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Šių metų birželio 15-ąją dieną terminologė, pedagogė, humanitarinių mokslų daktarė Angelė Kaulakienė šventė gražią 75-erių metų su-kaktį. Šios svarbios sukakties proga norisi prisiminti plačią jos veiklą, aptarti pagrindinius gyvenimo faktus ir darbus.
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Pasaulio terminologus į Lietuvių kalbos institutą sukviečianti moks-linė konferencija „Moksliniai, administraciniai ir edukaciniai termi-nologijos lygmenys“šiemet juos tegalėjo sukviesti... prie kompiu-terių ekranų. Besitęsiant Covid-19 suvaržymams, šią tradicija betampančią konferenciją teko rengti netradicinio formato.
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2020 m. birželio mėnesį pradėtas įgyvendinti tarptautinis projektasFederacinis eTranslation TermBank tinklas (angl. Federated eTranslation TermBank Network; Nr. 2019-EU-IA-0049), bendrai finansuojamas naudojantis Europos Sąjungos Europos infrastruktūros tinklų priemone.Šis dvejų metų trukmės projektas, galima sakyti, natūrali prieš keleriusmetus vykdyto kito tarptautinio projekto – eTranslation Termbank(Nr. 2016-EU-IA-0122) – tąsa. Pastarajame projekte buvo rinkti terminijosištekliai visomis oficialiomis ES kalbomis, taip pat ir norvegų bei islandų, o tų išteklių duomenys naudojami Europos Komisijos mašininio vertimo eTranslationkokybei gerinti (plačiau žr. Pesliakaitė 2017). To projekto me-tu surinkti ir technologiškai sutvarkyti vieši terminijos ištekliai prienamiportale eurotermbank.com (žr. 1 pav.) ir ELRC-SHARE saugykloje.
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According to T. Kuhn, a research paradigm is viewed as a model study taking into account a body of homogeneous, compatible and coherent assumptions of a conceptual/terminological, methodological, and philosophical nature. A research paradigm is indispensable for theory construction. From among theories based on syntactic analysis, semantics-based syntax and construction grammar were selected for the purpose of this study. It was demonstrated how methodological assumptions can lead to the construction of terminology, that is a network of interconnected terms. Taking into consideration the traditional terms along with their new meanings and the new terminology used in construction grammar, the focus was on the term construction.
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This paper is concerned with expressive vocabulary, it focuses on Polish the “expressive” word jeden [Pol. ‘one’]. The article refers to discussions on the function of this expression (Mel’čuk and Milićević 2011; Kosek 2020). The undertaken analysis is rooted in the structural semantics, and it investigates the contemporary meaning and function of jeden. The article scrutinizes differences between functions of evaluative nouns and exclamatives, and also between jeden and other expressions, in particular intensifiers. The scrutiny starts from syntactic features of jeden and proceeds to semantic analyses. It is underlined that expressiveness, intensification, predication, and reference are functions of other elements of the sentence rather than of jeden. The findings enable one to make a connection between jeden and the category of anaphora. The paper demonstrates that the so-called expressive component might be analysed as a meaning of a given type of sentence, a meaning of the entire construction, or as a function of the element of the construction.
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The present article constitutes an attempt to describe the specificity of the French translation of Zygmunt Miłoszewski’s novel Jak zawsze (As Usual), in which an important role is played by French, omnipresent in the text. The writer creates an alternative vision of Poland, where French almost becomes the second language, thus introducing French vocabulary in everyday life, its influence on Polish, and many neologisms proposed by the author. The translator Kamil Barbarski had to face a difficult task of preserving the indications of foreignness from the original without transgressing simultaneously, which seemed inevitable in the French translation. The article presents the translator’s strategies and constitutes a reflection upon the amount of foreignness in the original and the translated texts.
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The present study aimed to compare effectiveness of two pedagogical interventions for enhancing aspects of L2 oral performance in an EAP program. For five weeks, two groups of EAP students received focused vocabulary instruction as part of their syllabus. One group explicitly learned and practiced formulaic sequences (FS) used in spoken academic context and the other, academic vocabulary (AcaVoc). Participants’ oral performance was tested on three occasions and examined in terms of three aspects of speech: accuracy, complexity and fluency. Results showed that the FS group significantly outperformed the AcaVoc group in terms of L2 oral fluency, while the AcaVoc group outperformed the FS group in terms of L2 oral complexity. On the other hand, there was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of L2 oral accuracy. The participants’ use of the target items in posttest was also found to be associated with their L2 oral performance. The findings of this study can contribute to our understanding of how explicit learning of academic vocabulary and formulaic sequences shape the quality of L2 learners’ oral performance in academic speaking tasks.
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