We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The author observes the work of priest Šime Starčević in regard with his point of view on standard Croatian language and Croatian Latin spelling. Šime Starčević's standpoint was outlined in his grammar book (Nova ričoslovica ilirička), published in 1812 and also in the newspapers published at Zadar, Zora dalmatinska and Glasnik dalmatinski. To be noted Starčević-s consistency in ortographic and linguistic questions and his relying on štokavian-ikavian common people speech, then Croatian štokavian-ikavian standard language tradition and on Slavonian graphy. It has been specially pointed auth that Šime Starčević was the first Croatian philologist who has exactly described the four Croatian new štokavian accents. At the end, the author tries to make estimation of the cultural and historical dimension of Starčević's linguistic and graphic views either as regards the Croatian national reformation (the Illyrian Movement) or present-day situation in standard Croatian language.
More...
The author presented here the transcript of the two lamentations from Rab, one from 1563 and the other from 1676. These lamentations have been transcribed into a present-day Croatian latin graphy, as the original graphy can be found in the preserved manuscript of either the Lamentation from 1563 or the other one from 1676, which were published in the work of father Karlo Kosor. Beside the transcription, there is also an interpretation of the history of places of finding these two lamentations, then there is a division into sections of the Lamentation from 1563 graphy, which has been published for the first time herewith. Likewise, the principle of transcript of these lamentations has also been interpreted. At the end, the author presents the graphic table of the Lamentation from 1563.
More...
The stylistic features of the concept of time in the Azerbaijani poetic language, the expressions of the time in text constructions in the expression of artistic philosophical thought, the issues of understanding time as a cognitive category in the process of artistic creativity have been studied. At all stages of the history of artistic thought - from ancient folklore to modern art - we encounter the stylistic and semantic possibilities of time in the aesthetic, emotional-expressive, figurative language layer of artistic thought. Observation of the means of expression of the concept of time on specific artistic examples, the study of functional stylistic possibilities of the means of expression of time, along with identifying aspects of time as a cognitive category, creates trends in the development of Azerbaijani poetry, ethnopsychological factors, cognitive-psychological development. As the direction of research is multifaceted, the directions of application of the obtained results are different, and these directions are not outside of life, nature and society. Categories such as time, space and motion carry the information burden of all spheres of concept and thought in the semantic context. In the process of transforming perception into a concept, the conceptual understanding of time is a separate direction in scientific creativity. In the process of scientific creativity, the understanding of the philosophical content of time plays a leading role, rather than the linguistic content of time. In fact, the perception of time as a cognitive category begins with the philosophical perception of time. The means of expression in the language layer of the time create conditions for its linguistic research. From this we can conclude that the study of time as a cognitive category is a more general issue, which includes the study of time in a philosophical and linguistic direction.
More...
This study examines language-specific characteristics of the electric activity in bilinguals’ brains. The aim of this study was to evaluate language-specific characteristics of functional connectivity related to the perception of verbal information in different languages. Increasing synchronization of gamma band was detected in the association regions of left hemisphere during the Russian sonnets, alongside with interhemispheric coherence. The increase in synchronization exclusively in the left hemisphere was observed as in the case of English and Ukrainian sonnets. Increase of the coherence was shown in the left lateral and medial supplementary motor area when listening to Russian sonnets in comparison with Ukrainian. Decrease of coherence while listening to the Russian sonnets in comparison with Ukrainian was present in angular gyrus and superior parietal lobule. This evidence could indicate relatively lesser involvement of memory and attention when listening to Russian in comparison with the Ukrainian. Despite high proficiency of the participants, the mechanism of language perception could be different. Perhaps, an emotional response does not depend on the level of knowledge of the language but rather on its phonetic structure and prosody.
More...
The study of outdated vocabulary and the appropriateness of its use is of interest from the point of view of the development and preservation of the language richness and variability, especially amid current standardization, simplification and unification of languages in general and the Russian language in particular. The article presents analysis of the use of a low-frequency conjunction of purpose дабы in publicist texts from the point of view of the meanings it can bring. In linguistic literature, it is labeled as outdated, bookish, and stylistically colored. The author assumes that the choice of atypical linguistic means should be considered an indicator of the language flexibility and its adjustment to the most accurate expression of meaning in a given communicative situation. The author uses specific examples to show that the use of this conjunction in publicist texts is stylistically relevant, since it can serve not only as a means of archaization for adding some historical color, but also as a tool for giving the text a touch of solemnity and sublimity, as well as for implicit expression of the author’s irony, sarcasm or evaluation. In particular cases, the purpose component introduced by the conjunction дабы may function independently, separately from the main sentence/clause, indicating a call or motivation rather than a goal. Thus, the use of atypical means of communication correlates with such main functions of the journalistic style as providing information, evaluation, incentive, and influence.
More...
The purpose of the article is to analyze the Ukrainian nominations due to the internal form of the word. The names of literary language and vernacular on the basis of ethnolinguistic phenomena – folk etymology and taboos are involved in the analysis. The relevence of the study is due to the need to clarify ethnolinguistic phenomena associated with ambivalent tendencies – the vivid imagery of the word and its concealment and reproduction in linguistic concepts. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive, structural and comparative and historical methods. Conclusions. For ethnolinguistics the phenomenon of folk etymology is important, which testifies the desire of speakers to explain the name, illustrates the subconscious attempt of native speakers to poetize the word, to inspire the word with poetry. In folk speech etymology motivates primarily toponyms and nicknames of people. Under the influence of folk etymology the literary language and folk words change their sound composition. Ethnolinguistic character has such a phenomenon as taboo: the word "hides" the internal form. During the Christmas holidays the speakers of the Bukovinian dialects had a taboo on the pronunciation of the word poppy. Taboo was widely used in folk birth rites. Euphemisms are associated with the phenomenon of taboos. In vernacular the word “devil” has many “substitutes”. Periphrases are close to euphemisms. In literary language there are established periphrases which emphasize the feature of the concept.
More...
Prayer is a multifaceted phenomenon of the humanitarian paradigm of thinking: prayer is a genre of fiction, a fideistic text, a genre of confessional communication, a folklore text. The relevance of the article is conditioned by the need of studying of the folklore texts of Bukovinian dialects. The purpose of the article is to analyze the folk apocryphal Bukovinian prayers, known in many variants, which are folklore texts. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – method of linguistic observation, descriptive, comparative and historical methods. Conclusions. In Bukovina apocryphal prayers about the suffering of Jesus are well-known. They belong to the motivational prayers, prayers-calls, which don’t contain an appeal to higher power, but on the contrary, God’s appeal to people, which corresponds to the scheme якщо…, то. In folk tradition the prayer is called очінаші, молитви and usually functioning as a plural noun. The motif of continuity of prayer, which is characterized by a stylistic figure of anadiplosis, is realized in prayers. The naive picture of the world of dialect carrier interprets biblical information. Prayers are as close as possible to the realities of the Bukovina region, as a result of which in folklore texts there are tokens that denote the landscape, the life of the bearers of Bukovinian dialects, for example, tokens which denote kinship. Folk consciousness on the basis of folk etymology creates a kind of linguistic pattern of poetic lines. The textual reception of prayers is a dialogue between the Mother of God and Jesus Crist. Phonetic, lexical, morphological features of dialects are reproduced in prayers.
More...
The purpose of the article is to analyze the paradigmatic-syntagmatic relations in the lexical-semantic group of movement verbs performed by a person on the material of Olga Kobylyanska’s story “The Earth”. The relevance of the article is determined by the need of further in-depth study of Olga Kobylyanskaya idiostyle in order to form a cognitive-pragmatic conception of the writer's artistic discourse. The novelty of scientific reseach is conditioned by the fact that the paradigmatic-syntagmatic relations of movement verbs in the Olga Kobylyanska's language have not yet been the subject of analysis. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive, structural methods and method of component analysis. Conclusions. Verbs of movement performed by a person are represented by two groups: verbs of directed and undirected movement. Verbs of directed movement are represented by the verbs from the point of destination and the verbs to the point of destination. The tokens that are the coordinates of the movement from the point of destination are nouns used in Genitive case with prepositions з, від, із. The syntagmatic connection of movement verbs from the point of destination with the nouns is formed by verb-noun phrases based on the conjugation. The range of verbs that denote movement to the point of destination is much wider. Among them there are formations with the prefix ви-, при-, до-(ді-), під- по-. The most commonly used verbs are іти-прийти, ходити-приходити, прямувати, приступати. They have a diverse range of compatibility. Undirected movement of a person in the language of O. Kobylyanska’s story “ The Earth” denotes a wide range of verbs, among them there are a lot of prefix formations. Undirected movement is reproduced first of all by the verbs іти, ходити.
More...
In this article, special features of political communication are presented. Researchers agree that political language is not a technical language or variety in the traditional sense. Nevertheless, there have been attempts to define the characteristics of political language use more precisely. Such attempts originate from the linguistic subfield of politolinguistics, whose history is briefly described in order to outline the methodological advances of this discipline. Finally, the article provides an overview of important research results in politolinguistics and of discourses that are and have been of long-term importance for the history of communication in the Federal Republic of Germany.
More...
This paper argues against the reification of shame and the use of Anglocentric jargon to explain what it entails. It shows how the Natural Semantic Metalanguage can be used to define shame and set it apart from related concepts in Australian Aboriginal English and in Bislama, an English creole spoken in Vanuatu.
More...
This article aims firstly to delineate the expressive formulas of conversation (FEC) compared to other subtypes of pragmatic phraseology, highlighting their main characteristics. Secondly, to outline a simple typology of FEC, based on two criteria: discursive and pragmatic. Finally, to propose the translation of a group of FEC while comparing the structure of formulas in French and their Arabic equivalents.
More...
The current study aims to determine the effect of multiple-choice, matching, gap-fill and word formation items used in assessing L2 vocabulary on learners’ performance and to obtain the learners’ views regarding the use of these types of items in vocabulary assessment. The convenience sampling method was selected, and the participants of the study included 30 freshmen enrolled in the General English course offered in the Department of Public Administration at a state university in Turkey. The main findings revealed that the participants considered the multiple-choice and matching items were easy to understand and to answer and that gap-fill and word formation items were difficult due to several reasons.
More...
This article constitutes the sixth part in the series related to Lemko etymologies. In this part, the authors present the words beginning with the letters П and Р: пага, пажерити, памула, пандзір, папуля, пацалуватий, перайки, п(е)реквинтувати си, пыркій, погармиґувати ся, погынцатися, подышір, поперхливый, попыртаный, порамотати, порплі, постружниця, пофафрындити, похыхму, пошкрібок, пошпотити ся, префынкати, приґвамчыти, приячка, прогайнувати, псятвоч, раканя, рамак/рамач, рапавий, репчыти, римно, рынявий, розбырдати, розпаідити(ся). The authors attempt to determine the origin of these words, taking into account the data provided in etymological, historical and dialectal dictionaries of Slavic languages and dialects, as well as of neighbouring non-Slavic languages. Thus, they have outlined a broad comparative background, offering their supplementation or correction of the previous etymological conclusions.
More...
The author of the article aims at reconstructing the criminal sociolect of the North-Eastern Borderlands in 1918-1919, based on The Criminal Trilogy by Sergiusz Piasecki. The plot of the novels takes place in Minsk Litewski, which, at that time, was full of thieves from all regions of Poland. In the novels, Piasecki recreated the sociolect of thieves living in the North-Eastern Borderlands, using the authentic criminal lexis. The authenticity of this sociolect is confirmed both by the materials provided by Piasecki himself (preface, footnotes and vocabulary of thieves’ language) and by their comparison with other lexicographic scientific descriptions concerning criminal vocabulary from the first half of the twentieth century.
More...
Increasing internationalisation has resulted in a growing need for community interpreting worldwide. Healthcare is one of the most challenging domains for community interpreters, as misunderstandings, especially those caused by the use of incorrect terminology, may at worst cost lives. In this paper, we describe the process of compiling the Finnish–Russian Thematic Dictionary for Healthcare Interpreters. We start by describing the theoretical background of dictionary planning and analysing the information needs of the target groups. We then justify the selection of dictionary sources, describe the mega-, macro-, and microstructure of the dictionary, and briefly report the details of the technical implementation of the project. Finally, we reflect on some challenges encountered in this project as well as its future prospects.
More...
The article sets out to analyse two-word composite names with liga as the head element and dependent elements expressed by adjectives, which were used in the medical press of the late 19th century–early 20th century written in popular scientific style (books, booklets, newspaper and calendar articles). It attempts to determine by which semantic aspects dependent elements describe the head element liga and what specific features of expression of these elements are. The dependent element may describe the head element liga by various semantic aspects – by the latter’s association with some non-material (usually) (time, type of manifestation, etc.) and material (rarely) (organism, body liquid, organ, etc.) matter. Dependent elements take the form of simple, pronominal and derivative (in most cases) adjectives. In rare cases the dependent elements of the composite names with the head component liga indicate superordinate concepts – they mark a general specific feature and should be considered proper terms. In most cases dependent elements specify a temporary quality and should therefore be considered descriptive word phrases.
More...
The article examines proper names in two selected areas of Prussian Lithuania, i.e. Ragainė and Tilžė. The primary aim and objective of the research was to examine personal names as well as place names (in case any would have been identified in the course of the research) with key focus exclusively on their possibly unknown mentions and etymology. However, in the course of the research, the aims and objectives had to be expanded by supplementing them with an attempt to answer questions related to the problems of Historical Onomastics in a broad sense, its research scope, main objectives, the selection of appropriate research sources and materials, etc.
More...
Based on the analysis of the data from the living language and historical sources, the article presents a comprehensive discussion on the origin and development of the name of the village Ývoliai, which is located in Kražiai eldership, Kelmė district. After reviewing the records of the oikonym from the living language and evaluating their reliability, the conclusion is made that the name form with a long vowel at the beginning of the word is authentic. When discussing the usage of the oikonym in historical sources, most attention is paid to the analysis of the records from the Baptism Register Book of Kražiai Parish of 1656–1672 in which this name was mentioned for the first time. In order to evaluate the history of both the name and the settlement bearing this name, the toponymic and anthroponymic context of historical records is provided: the mentions of the village and its residents are thoroughly reviewed; the links of the recorded people are revealed. Since it was found that the personal name *Yvolis (Iwolis, Iwolowa, Iwołayte, Iwalowa, Iwołaytis, Iwoliene, Iwalowna) actually existed in Yvoliai village and its environs in the second half of the 17th century, the conclusion is made that the oikonym is definitely of anthroponymic origin.
More...
Review of: Asta Leskauskaitė, Vilija Ragaišienė. „Pietinių pietų aukštaičių šnektų žodynas“. Review by: Vytautas Kardelis
More...