Around the Bloc: Black Sea Countries Vulnerable to Zika, WHO Warns
The Zika virus is expected to travel north with the warmer weather.
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The Zika virus is expected to travel north with the warmer weather.
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Governments should not automatically label as propaganda news reports that rub them the wrong way, Russian leader urges.
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This paper aims to share the main results of the research which intended to explore the current strategies and models on a special area of the “internal cross-border communication” of international companies, operating in different socio-cultural environments. This study was designed to examine what strategies are available for CEOs to guide the communication in different socio-cultural environments. The research aimed to investigate the theme of “standardization or differentiation”. It was written on the basis of systematic expert interview made by CEOs of international companies having subsidiaries in Hungary.
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Internet marketing is interchanging the traditional one, thus marketers need to evaluate new marketing tools and their influence on the results of a company. Using econometric analysis the authors analysed the case of a retail company and based on this research tried to explain how internet marketing tools influence its sales results. Simple and multiple regressions allowed to see the relationship between sales results and different internet marketing tools. The authors found out that influence of social networks advertisement, search engine advertisement and advertsiment panels showed different statistically significant influence on sales results. Despite the negative impact on sales in case of advertsiment panels, advertsiment on social networks and search engine marketing had positive impact on sales results.
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The aging of societies brings about many macroeconomic and microeconomic changes. They areusually perceived in terms of costs, as a burden on the economy or even as a factor decelerating itsgrowth. Whether, and how, the aging of societies can generate an impulse for innovative actionssupporting economic development is still an open issue. The aim of the article is to present various approaches to the silver economy that are used in countries affected by population aging. Specialattention is given to new areas of activity and the expansion of the existing ones resulting from thesearch for more effective ways of meeting the needs of aging populations.
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This paper focuses on competitiveness seen from macroeconomic perspective, but understoodin a new, non-traditional, expanded way. It is the concept of sustainable competitiveness, whichrefers not only to improvements productivity, but also includes some additional aspects related tothe environmental and social issues. Innovation remains the key element of this concept, however,apart from technological innovation, new forms of innovation, such as eco-innovations and socialinnovations play a significant role in it. The main objective of this paper is to find out to what extentthese two new forms of innovation are correlated with Poland’s competitiveness. Using a revealedtechnological advantage (RTCA) index based on patent statistics changes in technological specializationhave been identified for Poland and for the whole EU 28 in the fields of environmentalmanagement technologies and human necessities in the period of 2000–2011. In the next step ofthe analysis RTCA indices in both fields have been used as proxies for eco-innovations and socialinnovations respectively. This paper shows that in the period of 2000–2011 these two new forms ofinnovation played an important role in shaping sustainable competitiveness of the Polish economy.
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The primary objective of fiscal policy both in terms of macro-and microeconomic function is theimplementation of fiscal taxes boil down to revenue collection to implement the tasks and functionsassociated with public finance sector entities and the wider public sector. Tax revenues arealso used to finance transfers both within the industry and to entities outside the public sector, thuscontributing to the allocation of resources between taxpayers and unions public law – state and localgovernment authorities. Taxation is the realization of non-tax functions (stimulatory), receiving thegoal of shaping social and economic behavior of taxpayers. An illustration of non-fiscal objectivesof tax policy is a focus on local government actions which implies a change or transformation ofthe current state of the phenomena and socio-economic relations, or their cessation or limiting theirscale. As part non-fiscal tax purposes shall be inserted into the simulation function support equallythe objectives of social and economic by encouraging taxpayers to take certain behaviors. In thearea of tax stimulation of the local economy can handle issues such as the structure and forms ofdoing business, creating and shaping investment decisions, financial and consumer taxpayers, andeventually also the attraction of foreign capital.
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The goal of this article is to identify and evaluate factors affecting the tendency to indebtedness offarms – on the example of Middle Pomerania region. We assume that the propensity to use externalfinancing by the farmer depends on the size of the farm (as measured by the surface of the farm, thenumber of people employed, and the value of its production), on the type of agricultural production(crop production, livestock and mixed), on the purpose of production activities (commodityfarms producing to sell manufactured products on the market and others), and on developmentphase of farm (the age of the farm). The study was based on a logistic regression model in whichthe dependent variable is dummy variable indicated farms which used debt capital in the financingstructure. The estimation of the model parameters was based on the data from 933 farms in Poland(collected through direct interviews, covering the data for the year 2011).
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Celem opracowania jest charakterystyka i ocena lokalizacji przedsiębiorstw społecznych, w odniesieniu do porażki, trwałości i sukcesu przedsiębiorstwa, jak również refleksja na temat dostępu do korzystnych lokalizacji. Pokazano także elementy procesu decyzyjnego, które wpływają na wybór konkretnej lokalizacji. W efekcie w artykule wskazano, jakie lokalizacje mogą budować przewagę konkurencyjną przedsiębiorstw społecznych i przyczyniać się do ich sukcesu – zarówno społecznego, jak i ekonomicznego. Opracowanie powstało na podstawie badań prowadzonych w przedsiębiorstwach społecznych w Polsce w latach 2012-2013.
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Obecnie tematyka pomiaru społecznej wartości dodanej to jedno z kluczowych zagadnień wpisujących się w nurt ekonomii społecznej. Dynamiczny rozwój tego sektora w Polsce w ostatnich latach nie idzie w parze z rozwojem metod służących ocenie podmiotów działających w obszarze ekonomii społecznej. Wyzwanie, jakim jest przygotowanie narzędzia, które pełniłoby taką rolę podjął zespół krakowskich naukowców i praktyków, społeczników, socjologów, ekonomistów i finansistów. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia genezę, podejście, jakie zostało przyjęte w procesie jego opracowywania oraz dylematy, przed jakimi stanęli autorzy stworzonego narzędzia SWD. W tekście zaprezentowano m.in. (1) wybrane metody oceny społecznej wartości dodanej stosowane na świecie, z uwzględnieniem ich słabych oraz mocnych stron, (2) autorską koncepcję metody oceny społecznej wartości dodanej, a także (3) narzędzie badawcze (kwestionariusz ankiety) i aplikację internetową. W ostatniej części artykułu przedstawiono sposób wyznaczania społecznej wartości dodanej, przyjęte założenia, jak również etapy oceny i interpretacji wyników.
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Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie badania dotyczącego zastosowania metody Social Return on Investment (SROI), jako narzędzia służącego do pomiaru społecznej wartości dodanej generowanej przez podmioty ekonomii społecznej. Szczególną wagę przywiązano do oceny jej przydatności pod kątem wykorzystania w stosunkowo niewielkich podmiotach, dla których metoda SROI mogłaby stanowić sposób na zwiększenie zainteresowania wśród potencjalnych darczyńców i inwestorów. Analizę przeprowadzono na przykładzie krakowskiej fundacji Ale heca!, która zajmuje się wspieraniem rodziców w wychowywaniu dzieci. Podstawą badania była metodologia zaproponowana przez brytyjską organizację New Economics Foundation. Autor szczegółowo omawia przebieg postępowania, uwzględniając przy tym wszystkie napotkane problemy związane z implementacją tej metody w polskich warunkach. Na zakończenie sformułowano wnioski dotyczące zalet i wad prezentowanego narzędzia z punktu widzenia małych podmiotów ekonomii społecznej..
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The purpose of the paper is to give an overview of the changes in the structure of industries in Romania, specifically on the questions (1) whether the industrial structures become more similar or more different in the Romanian regions and (2) whether the Romanian industries become more concentrated or more dispersed. EUROSTAT regional data on Gross Value Added and employed population for the period of 2000-2013 are used in order to calculate several statistical indices of specialization and concentration (Krugman, Entropy, Hirschman-Herfindahl, Lilien Index and Gini coefficient). By comparing the values of these different measurements, the main finding is that Romanian regions become less specialized, while industries become slightly more concentrated. The speed of structural changes in all Romanian regions registered a noticeable slowdown of the speed of sectoral changes after the economic crisis. Our conclusions provide useful information for the economic policy makers in investment funds allocation or employment measures designing.
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The paper begins with a short literature review regarding the public governance concept in the EU approach and its methods for establishing a common way to manage different situations for all member states; we discovered that the problems they confront with have to do with good governance and qualitative public administration. In the second part, we developed an econometric model for three Eastern European countries and we found a strong correlation between the total revenues from taxes and social contributions and total gross debt in 2002-2014 period. We ended the paper by emphasizing the conclusions obtained.
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The paper deals with the evaluation of the perception of packaging innovations in terms of their functions through the Kano model. It focuses on the evaluation of the perception of innovation of all main seven functions of packaging, in particular on handling, protective, informative, economic, environmental, promotional and ecological packaging functions. The results indicate that the target groups interested in the new innovative packaging are mostly in age between 41 to 60 years. These groups have the highest requirements for new packaging. The innovations of handling functions of packaging have the most significant influence on the older generation. However, almost all ages categories positively recognize ecological innovations of packaging.
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The aim of this article is to present the results of a questionnaire survey made on the use of elements of financial analysis in the practice of auditing companies and business entities in Poland. It was also tested for its suitability for assessing the financial situation of entities and managerial decision making. The conducted analysis allowed identifying differences in the elements of preliminary and indicator analyses used by external and internal units. They indicated a low level of usefulness of analysis drawn up by auditors, as well as the limited use of analytical methods in the risk assessment of cooperation with external units.
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The purpose of this article is to present the instruments of impact on the banking system in Germany in order to reduce the risk undertaken by the largest banks and to protect depositors and taxpayers. It seems reasonable to oblige banks to draw up recovery and liquidation plans and punishment of management for activities in relation to cross the boundaries of acceptable risk. According to the author, the structure of the German banking system in Germany, despite the solutions introduced, remains unchanged, and the separation of commercial activity is symbolic, because the obligation separation of commercial activities from the traditional will be applied to very few banks.
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Environmental corporate financial analysis aims at simplification of decision taking in the area of ecological corporate activity and assessment of influence of this activity on its financial situation. The scope of this analysis is conditioned by accessibility of financial ecological information. The aim of the article is to determine if accounting records are an easily accessible source of environmental ecological information on the basis of a survey among firms in the Małopolskie Voivodeship. In the most firms accounting records are a suitable information source only in the case of ecological costs. Accessibility of information on ecological revenues, cash inflows and outflows, assets and liabilities is much lower.
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New technologies related to the development of the Internet have been changing many areas of social and economic life. In recent years finances have been changing, which has manifested in opening online bank accounts, online investment accounts or Internet trading platforms of financial instruments. A relatively new phenomenon of Internet are crowdfunding services that focus on intermediation in financing various projects. Aims, types and nature of projects are different, but the key point is to collect small amounts of money from a large number of individuals or organizations. The aim of the study is to present the issues concerning crowdfunding and its models, as well as the development of crowdfunding in Poland. The following methods have been used: an analysis of literature on the subject, descriptive and comparative method. A study of crowdfunding in Poland indicates a model of financing, costs, types of projects supported, and the size of financing.
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The effect of the realization of sustainable development in farms is increased production effectiveness and efficiency, guaranteeing food security, increased prosperity, stabilization of the financial situation of agricultural producers as well as increased labour safety and social security. The realization of sustainable development is determined by social, economic, organizational, legal and natural factors. The latter ones, due to the high level of natural risk in agricultural production, are of a particular importance to the functioning and development of farms. Guaranteeing of sustainable development in farms is made possible owing to adequate insurance protection. The purpose of the present study was to determine and assess the level of the development of those farms that use business insurance. Individual data related to those who are owners or manage farms from the Middle Pomerania region constituted the research material. The linear ordering method based on the taxonomic measure of development was used in the study. The studies performed demonstrated that the development level of farms with insurance cover was diversified. It was furthermore demonstrated that the more farmers tended to use business insurance, the higher the development level of farms was.
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The experience of Commonwealth countries indicates that the economic criteria of the free market and protectionism do not ensure sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. Hence the search for new instruments of risk management that provide economic and environmental balance as well as durable and stable development of agriculture. The aim of the study is to assess risk management tools, with particular emphasis on mutual funds as instruments to promote the principles of sustainable development. The aim of mutual funds is to stabilize farm incomes which in turn contributes to the goals of sustainable development.
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