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Response comes after thugs beat activists demonstrating against mayor’s alleged involvement in Panama papers.
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This article aims to show how determined and assessed good regulation at the level of individualprojects and what is the opinion of Polish lawmaking process. It is based on a critical evaluationof publications, paying particular attention to the application of the criteria and indicators used byinternational institutions, in particular the OECD.The main result of the study is that in a number of methodological approaches verified thereare no results for Polish. Thus, we can conclude that Poland do not participated in these research,we do not have databases and we are not especially interested in their results. Therefore, it isdifficult to expect that the process of law will lead to stimulating competitiveness and economicgrowth of our country.
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The Washington Consensus (WC) development approach consists of three macroeconomic and seven structural policies for transitional transformation of the economy. Proper implementation of the structural policies was important for qualitative changes in the economy. In this paper, we will explain and evaluate the implementation of seven structural policies, being: improvement of the legal system and governance, privatization, foreign direct investment (FDI), deregulation, redirecting public expenditures, trade liberalization and tax reform, over time. This paper will also make comparisons with other transitional countries in the region, in order to draw the lessons and make recommendations for the future development of B&H. It can be concluded that B&H has been stagnating in its economic development, and that B&H’s government must improve its tax system, governance, engage in the fight against corruption, speed up the business deregulation and privatization in order to accelerate the economic growth.
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Functioning of the company in the conditions of the free market competition depends on its flexible reactions to changes and the response speed to perturbations in the unstable economy. Entities, which are not able to keep up with the current changes, enter the path of crisis in the company, which last stage may be the bankruptcy. The paper presents an attempt to use and evaluate five Polish models of the multivariate discriminant analysis in forecasting the threat of bankruptcy. The analysis was conducted for the years 2008 – 2013. For the study there were selected 10 construction and real estate development companies, listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange, which profit and loss account is made in the calculation model and for which in the years 2012-2014 there were initiated the bankruptcy proceedings.
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The purpose of this paper is to assess returns to scale in Polish FADN regions in the period 2004-2011. Our analysis is based on technological profiles which for each group of agricultural producers are given by parameters of three factor (capital, labour, agricultural area) nested CES functions. The data are obtained from the Farm Accountancy Data Network database. Farms are classified on the basis of specialization and region. The results show that technological profiles change in time, and the tendency to change the profile is different in analyzed groups. We observed the tendency to choose such profiles that minimize the agricultural area.
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The aging of societies in highly developed countries is considered one of the most noticeable trends of the modern world. As a result, the potential of the market targeted at customers over at the age of 55 is growing rapidly. Senior customers do not want to be perceived only through the prism of their age and related constraints. They increasingly often reach for technologically advanced products and solutions. Consequently, a new category of consumer has been born: e-senior who actively uses a computer and on-line possibilities. The authors of this paper made an attempt to determine the meaning of e-commerce for consumers over the age of 55. Particular emphasis was placed on the essence of their purchasing habits in on-line space and the reasons that determine them. The discussion was supported by the results of the authors’ own research related to this issue.
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Wiedza na temat cech konsumentów jest ważna dla usługodawców kreujących ofertę usługową. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie profilu społeczno-demograficzno-ekonomicznego konsumentów, którzy korzystają z usług gastronomicznych.Do napisania artykułu wykorzystano wtórne źródła informacji, które są uzupełnione danymi ze źródeł pierwotnych pozyskanych przez autorkę w trakcie ogólnopolskich badań techniką ankiety internetowej, na próbie 1075 respondentów. Z badań wynika,że konsument usług gastronomicznych jest najczęściej osobą młodą, z wyższym wykształceniem, mieszkającą w dużym mieście, o bardzo dobrej i dobrej sytuacji materialnej, a także dbającą o swój wygląd i lubiącą spędzać czas aktywnie.
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It has been established that entrepreneurial knowledge and job stress are related to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. However, the effects of job stress and knowledge about establishing a business on the willingness to be an entrepreneur are under-researched. The aim of this research is to examine both of these effects and to determine whether job stress moderates the relationship between knowledge about establishing a business and the willingness to be an entrepreneur. Data from 472 whitecollar employees is used in hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results show that both knowledge about establishing a business and job stress are positively related to the willingness to be an entrepreneur. Moreover, job stress negatively moderates the relationship between knowledge about establishing a business and the willingness to be an entrepreneur.
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Persons intending to live in Germany should have a certain knowledge of the German language and about the country in general. Foreigners may acquire the necessary skills and knowledge by participating in integration courses. They are financed by the state as well as by the immigrants themselves. The aim of the article is to evaluate the system of financing such courses that was adopted in Germany. As part of the justification for selecting this particular topic it is worth mentioning that there are no analyses on this subject available in the source literature. Furthermore, also the geopolitical situation in the world and the influx of refugees in Europe (including Germany) that results from it serve to prove just how current and important with regard to cost economics the issue of financing immigrant integration actually is. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of German legal acts and the financial data obtained from the Federal Statistical Office and the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. The article covers the period 2017-2018 and is based on the method of document analysis.
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The issues of finance-growth nexus and financial instability have attracted considerable attention, but have been studied in isolation. This paper aims at filling this gap by providing insights into the implications of financial instability for long term productivity growth. Purpose of the article: This paper sheds light on the relationship between credit-to-GDP ratio volatility and the total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate. The impact of systemic banking crises and financial depth on productivity growth is also studied. Methods: The System GMM estimation of panel data for over 100 countries and spanning the period of 1970–2009 is used. The decomposition of credit-to-GDP ratio into trend and cyclical component is performed using the Hodrick-Prescott filter and a regression analysis with country-specific intercepts and slopes. The data on TFP comes from the Penn World Tables database. Findings & Value added: TFP growth is negatively affected by credit volatility, mainly in less technologically advanced countries, while financial depth exerts a negative influence on TFP growth in economies with superior technology. Systemic banking crises and the concomitant credit crunches have a negative impact on productivity growth, regardless of the level of technological development. Moreover, the level of human capital, patents and globalization fuel productivity growth. Macroeconomic instability, measured by the rate of inflation, hampers TFP growth.
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It is quite important to determine the factors, as well as their impacts, that cause inflation which is defined as the continuous increase in the general level of prices regarding countries. There is a serious dispute over the determinants of inflation in the literature. Traditional models assert that inflation is a monetary phenomenon and that an independent central bank would provide price stability. Nonetheless, the supporters of the price level’s fiscal theory emphasize that the changes in the general level of prices are caused by the implementation of fiscal policy which is also important for ensuring price stability. In this study, the relationship among budget deficit, money supply, and inflation in Turkey is examined using the Bayer-Hanck Cointegration approach over the period 1971-2016. The analysis results indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables. A 1% increase in both the money supply and the budget deficit would increase inflation by 0.82% and 0.64%, respectively.
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The purpose of the presented research is to assess the possibility of using cluster analysis as a popular method of object grouping in conditions of ensuring the efficiency of private and public investments aimed at intensive import substitution in the livestock sector industries in comparison with the proprietary methodology. The article deals with the changes in the elements of the resource potential of the livestock sector according to the data of agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2016, reveals the differences between the regions of Russia in conditions and efficiency of manufacturing the animal husbandry products and establishes the need to specify the method of their analysis. The scientific novelty of the research is in developing a methodology for the typification of regions by grouping on the basis of a multidimensional mean, including the system of statistical indicators of the region's characteristics under the conditions of the targeted approach, substantiation of the weight coefficients of the indicators, approaches to assessing the capabilities of a group of regions in ensuring the country's foodsecurity. The practical significance is in the possibility of applying the methodology by the agribusiness authorities at the level of the region and at the federal level.
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The analysis of works in the field of economic history of Serbia in domestic historiography, first of all, tries to answer an important question, whether Serbian historiography now possesses researchers who are ready to expand their methodological frameworks and have enough intellectual curiosity to adopt the values of other social sciences. Due to the lack of cooperation among historians who are dealing with economic issues within various chronologically boundary spaces, the cooperation of historians and economists, as well as the absence of professional associations that would make the activities of this part of the scientific community more visible to the academic community, the answer to this question could easily have been negative. However, after more than a year of research, it turned out that in Serbian historiography there is a strong potential for the further development of this scientific discipline. What seems necessary is to interlink the researchers and connect with regional and international associations that would allow in the future the study of economic history to overcome tight national framework and cover a wider range of research.
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This article and the last article1 on »Uskoks’ War Economy« consider why Uskok and Wako piracy played an active part for almost the same period in the late sixteenth century. In the previous article, the author pointed out that the succession states of the Mongol Empire, assuming this world empire to be a common base, formed several empires including the Ming Empire. First, to understand the context in which Wako appeared, I will present three(macro, mesoscopic, micro) dimensions of the situation. 1.The macro (Eurasian) dimension. The Ming dynasty returned to trade with silver from the Mongol Empire, though this was always denied by the Ming dynasty. It coincided with the significant change of policy. In 1570, the leader of nomadic herders, Altan Qayan, would conclude peace and start trade with the Ming dynasty. This trade, called »Horse Fair,« was the new »shore« trade after the relaxation of the Sea Ban. 2.The mesoscopic (East Asian) dimension. Japan needed to develop its economy and resolve its financial difficulties through trade with China. On a political level, China wanted to retain the integrity of its great nation, and »economically its strength was not equal to its wish.« Historian Arano emphasized two factors in the process of change: »Wako« and »Portals.« As for »the Wako situation,« he pointed out that the last interchange between the areas of the China sea regions, especially traditional public trade, was seized by »the Wako power( the European power, the Japanese power, the Chinese marine merchants),« and therefore an international dispute did not die out in this area. 3. The micro (the East China Seas) dimension. Gakusho Nakajima offers new periodization of the history of the area, dividing it into five segments: ① Tribute, Ryukyu trade period, ② Shuangyu Wako period, ③ Wako, Western trade period, ④ Western trade period, ⑤ Western/ Chinese ship trade period. After 1570, various trade routes such as the tributary system, international trade with foreign merchants, and the Southeastern Asian trade conducted by the Chinese marine commerce were allowed. Second, the Historiographical Institute of Tokyo University Institute describes the Wako, especially the »Jiajing Wako Raids«: The friction between the government officials and various groups of smugglers, as well as the rivalry among these groups, formed the »substance« or prerequisite of Wako piracy. These frictions developed along the Jiangsu shores and then in Zhejiang (Fujian) when newcomers, including the Portuguese, entered the smuggling network of the Chinese along with the Japanese. I believe this to be the comprehensive definition since it was based on results gathered from the great amount of available Wako studies. I intend to present the trends in the Wako studies of China and Japan. In the Japanese historiography, significant new explanatory models moved further from the Marxist historiography, and they included the Wako phenomenon. There is a study on Wako members unprecedented elsewhere. I introduce several themes or groups, among them, »estuary people« who lived from fishing and water transportation seem to be important. They joined the Ming forces and were called to suppress Wako but eventually joined them. Third, we will first concretely detail the change of the trade that was discussed previously. Then we will inspect what kind of trade Wang Zhi, the leader of late Wako, expected, and confirm how the intense struggle over the Sea Ban policy in the form of the »Jiajing Wako Raids« ended. In the following, I introduce the latest study on Wang Zhi in detail. However, the author perceives that the attitude toward the authorities of Wang Zhi was ambiguous. On the other hand, the position toward the authorities of Zheng Chenggong was clear, and he built authorities by himself. Zheng Chenggong or Koxinga was in contrast to Wang Zhi at the point. Finally, Around 1570, the Ming dynasty changed its commerce policy while Portuguese/Spanish merchants reclaimed the new trade route at the same time. In this way, the trade order of East Asia was entirely reorganized. Nakajima names this new trade order simply the »1570 system.« And around 1570 the second phase of the »long sixteenth century« began.
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The aim of the paper is to offer new perspectives in the analysis of Morlacchism as a discourse within the methodological and theoretical determinants of historical imagology, shown in the examples of two well-known educational sources: Put po Dalmaciji/Travelling throughout Dalmatia (1774) by Alberto Fortis and Bilješke o putu po Dalmaciji i životu Stanislava Sočivice/Notes on the travelling throughout Dalmatia and the Life of Stanislav Sočivica (1776) by Ivan Lovrić. Although historical imagology opened up some new perspectives in the study of Vlach / Morlachs people within historiography, much of the imagology work did not include an economic view of Morlacchism, but rather focused on concepts such as civilization, barbarism and »noble savagery« without the critical questioning of these concepts. The main focus of this paper is the analysis of Morlacchism as a discourse with a special emphasis on physiocracy as an economic doctrine whose influence can be seen in the texts of Fortis and Lovric. Morlachs as economic others on the text level were analyzed through topological economic irrationality and backwardness and through additional analysis of the image of the coastal population of Dalmatia. This complex picture of the Morlachs as economic others is then positioned within intertextual relations: between the texts of Fortis and Lovric, the famous text of Tableau Economicque by François Quesnay and the texts of the famous Dalmatian physiocrats. The last level of analysis shows the way in which Morlacchism fits into the political and economic context of Venetian Dalmatia, with a focus on structural changes and certain economic measures carried out by the Venetian and Dalmatian patricians.
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Pahawang Island is one of the areas that have great tourism potential in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The issues in this research are what is the regulation of the development of Pahawang Island tourism area and how to regulate the conservation of natural resources in Pahawang Island tourism area. Problem approach is done by normative and empirical juridical, using primary and secondary data as well as qualitative data analysis. Based on the results of research can be concluded that in the development of Pahawang Island tourist area there is no regulation as a guideline, so that society there is no uniformity, in the management of Pahawang Island tourist area. Such as cottage development, dock construction, and observation of marine biota spots. Natural Resources conservation regulation does not yet exist as well, thereby impacting ecosystems that do not reflect real local wisdom. With the regulation in the form of regional regulations, village regulations as the rule of implementing derivative of Law Number 10 of 2009 on Tourism, especially regarding of the Pahawang Island tourist area, making the Pahawang Island and island whose protected management and become an island that can be preserved by indigenous people and migrant according to local wisdom.
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This paper examined the dynamic linkages between tourism development, energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth in the context of the Indian economy. The short-run findings establish a chain-link between tourism development, economic growth, energy consumption and environmental degradation. Foreign tourist arrivals positively contribute to economic growth which in turn increases per capita energy use thereby raising CO2 emissions – a major cause of environmental degradation and consequential adverse effects on tourism development. The long-run findings, although inconclusive, are only indicative of short-run observations. Therefore, the policy focus should be on devising promotional strategies for encouraging the extensive use of clean energy for environmental protection. Such a policy base can be instrumental in fostering the development of India tourism and also, be pivotal for achieving sustainable economic growth.
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Building a genuine brand is a growing challenge on a competitive market. The modern consumer has become an elitist one, being more interested in the quality of the products they consume and appreciating the personalized brand communication. Loyalty often occurs when the consumer’s experience following the interaction with the brand is a memorable one, both in the traditional environment and in the digital environment. Starting from a review of the elements that contribute to the construction of a brand (story, name, logo, tagline), we propose to present the ways in which a name with an existence of over 100 years has become known on the international market and has constantly tried to differentiate itself, taking into account the consumption preferences and trends.
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This paper has explored the role of electricity consumption financial development and trade openness on the CO2 emissions. The study utilizes annual data from 1972 to 2014 and employs various robust econometric techniques. Our analysis reveals that there is no long-term relationship financial development, trade openness and CO2 emission. However, the short-run analysis indicates significant relationship among the variables. The results also reveal that the bidirectional relationship between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions, and a unidirectional causality from financial development to CO2 emissions. Our results imply that policies that will promote renewable energy consumption and financial development can be pursued concurrently.
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