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So far there has been no detailed research done in Lithuania that would allow to analyze the attitudes of the Russian-speaking citizens towards their native language. In this article, an attempt is made to determine the subtle relation between the Lithuanian citizens of non-Lithuanian nationality and the Russian language which is considered to be native in their families, while they either are Russians or identify themselves as Russians.Certain questions concerning this problem are taken into consideration: do Russian-speaking citizens feel good about using their native language; do they feel affinity to Russia as their symbolic homeland or the mother country of their language; do they want their children to have a good command of Russian and consider it their native language; is their relationship with their native language affected by the manifestation of Russophobia in public discourse and mass media.The data of the sociolinguistic projects Language Use and Ethnic Identity in Lithuanian Cities (2007–2009) and A Sociolinguistic Map of Lithuania (2010–2012) focussing on Vilnius, Klaipėda and Visaginas is discussed. These cities have been selected as the ones with the largest Russian-speaking population as compared to other regions of Lithuania.The analysis of in-depth interviews reveals that for the Russian-speaking people in Lithuania the native language remains the only real indicator of their ethnic self-identification. Most of the respondents do not regard Russia as a country close to them in terms of lifestyle and mentality, they do not perceive Russia as a symbolic concept defining their self-identity; it is for them the space of their mother tongue. The respondents claim that they value their mother tongue, see it as emotionally closest and stress the relation between the Russian language and culture as well as the pragmatic value of knowing Russian nowadays. Young respondents declare that they intend to do their best to pass their mother tongue to their future children.However, the intentions of the Russian-speaking people of Lithuania to support the vitality of their native language, which requires more effort than is usual for people living in the environment of a different language. In the Lithuanian media and online comment sections, ethnic and linguistic intolerance towards local people who speak another language is livened up periodically. Therefore Russian-speaking residents of Lithuania need to be psychologically strong in order to resist the pressure of public discourse and to sustain their native language.
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This paper analyzes language policies in three journals published by members of the Bosniak diaspora in Germany and Austria. The goal of media in diaspora is usually to inform members of the community, but they also serve to build a sense of unity within the community or, in some cases, within more communities. They also promote certain social values, such as integration into the host country’s society and the preservation of their identity and connections with the country of origin (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The language policies implemented by these media are connected with these goals. Language policy is not only an explicit engagement in the routing of language development and its use, planning, making decisions and resolutions, but it can also be reflected in attitudes, beliefs and practices, or in language choices made by language users. This paper investigates the first issue of the Bulletin of the Islamic Cultural Center of Bosniaks in Berlin (Bilten Islamskog kulturnog centra Bošnjaka u Berlinu), the first issue of the Austrian magazine Oaza, and the first issue of the Pangea magazine, published in Germany. There are no explicit language programs or plans in these journals, but important attitudes and beliefs are noticed. Language is presented as a significant component of identity and culture and a vital connection with homeland and relatives. It is also indicated that multilingualism is a key resource and that the mothertongue of immigrants in Germany and Austria is not less worth than German. In terms of language choices, the following features have been explored: the choice of scripts, the yat substitution, nomination of the language, the functions performed by certain languages in the analyzed media, the presence of foreign-origin words and the choice of orthographic solutions. All of these magazines are written in the Latin alphabet and have an ijekavian yat substitution. In Pangea and Bulletin of the Islamic Cultural Center of Bosniaks in Berlin language is called Bosnian, but in Oaza a combined name Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian or b/h/s is used. In these magazines, there are a few orthographic phenomena that could be considered as specific indicators of a particular language policy.
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This paper exemplifies some preliminary considerations of a current conceptualized project that focuses on a research and a development component in the fields of German applied linguistics and didactics of German as a second language by exploring the effects of the corona pandemic situation on learning and teaching under migration-induced multilingualism. The project concept, its content design and objectives are presented and placed in the general context of migration-related multilingualism in the German education system. The proposed project also intends to support research output beyond the pandemic and provide sustainable teaching and learning materials.
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Chyba truizmem będzie twierdzenie, że nie można badać nazw własnych w izolacji, a onomastyka to nauka czerpiąca z osiągnięć innych nauk. I tak np. zbadanie ukształtowania terenu jakiejś miejscowości może doprowadzić do zupełnie innych wniosków co do pochodzenia jej nazwy; podobnie odczytanie pierwszych zapisów nazwy rzuca światło na jej etymologię. Bez korzystania z dokonań innych dyscyplin nie powinno się orzekać także o pochodzeniu nazwisk.
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The present study provides an approach to the question of identity and variation in sociopragmatics. Our principal ambition is the attempt to determine methodological-interpretive tools capable to reflect forms, mechanisms and linguistic uses that would coincide with the so-called dominant communication profile. Drawing on the methodological foundations of communication ethnography and the politeness theory, we argue that different rules, norms, or conversational routines can be interpreted as a conjunction of linguistic facts that obey deep coherence, which can make us think about preferred interactional style. The delimitation of the latter allows, for its part, to distinguish different ethnolects. In our article we point out different analytical axes through which it is possible to rebuild certain sociopragmatic tendencies in the speech of studied communities.
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Budući da se naglasnotipološka mjerila što su utvrđena za imenice muškog roda, posve prirodno, primjenjuju na sve vrste riječi u kojih se razabiru naglasni itipovi, i u imenica srednjeg roda razlikovat ćemo dva naglasna tipa. U prvi idu imenice koje mijenjaju svoje naglaske po posebnim, tj. naglasnotipološkim pravilima, a u drugi imenice što ne mijenjaju 'svojih naglasaka ili ih mijenjaju po općim, odnosno paradigmatskim pravilima.
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The suffix -escu „is used to form surnames of Romanian type”. The exclusively onomastic function of the suffix -escu is patronymic and expresses family descent. Thus, Grigorescu, formed after the model Grigore (father's first name) + the suffix -escu, can be understood as „Grigore’s son”. In Moldovan documents, derived with the suffix -escu names are found since the fourteenth century. Over time, when the mechanism of formation and their significance were understood, these derivatives became common. Formations with -escu appeared not only from the first name, as "is the rule", but also from other reference names. The officialization of the names formed with the suffix -escu took place only at the end of the 19th century, when they started to function as family names. In the local anthroponymy, most of the patronymics with the suffix -escu are formed from first names and surnames (various adjectives, nouns and verbs that, previously, were substantivized and used as anthroponyms). Although the patronymics derived with the suffix -escu are less attested in the Bessarabian onomasticon than in the rest of the Romanian territory, we still distinguish several types of formation of surnames with the suffix -escu. The themes to which the -escu suffix is attached confirm that this suffix is an anthroponymic one, characteristic of the formation of surnames.
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Conference-Report: International Conference on Literature and Translation Studies "World Literature and Minorities: Representation, Dissemination and Translation", 2021. May 5-7, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.
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The presented study deals with the phenomenon of gender symmetry in the Slovak language environment with an emphasis on the journalistic field. It examines this phenomenon in the context of international politics aimed at a gender-balanced language, as well as in the context of the development of other languages. Its aim is to point out the degree of application of gender-symmetric language forms specifying gender in journalistic texts. It first analyses the international political and legal context in relation to the application of inclusive/gender-balanced language and then presents the theoretical and methodological basis of research and the results of quantitative corpus analysis in the corpus of journalistic and informational texts prim-8.0-public-inf in the Slovak National Corpus.
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According to genetic criteria languages and dialects are classified according to the degree of their kinship i. e. to their presumed closer or more distant origin. Sociolinguistics, however, recognizes only the standard languages, and. consequently. if a certain language variety carries out all standard language functions, sociolinguistics accepts it as such. The standard languages of the Bosniacs, Croats, Montenegrins and Serbs have approximately the same genetic (i. e. dialectal ) basis, but they function independently as standard languages of the corresponding peoples. The genetic kinship of the Croatian and Bosniac dialects in Bosnia and Herzegovina need not be ignored as it does not endanger the independence of the Bosniac standard language.
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This article focuses on the issue of language as an interstate migration barrier in India. Nowadays, in the era of progressive globalization, when the term “global village” is accurate as never before, more and more attention is paid to the problems regarding migrations. As the result of its internal diversity and multilingualism – Indian society struggles with interstate migration barrier that is nearly non-existent in other countries. Language barrier. There are more than twenty different regional languages being used across India as official languages of particular states, but none of them could be described as the “national” language. As a consequence of that, many Indians are heavily limited in choosing their place of living and managing their education and career. The article provides detailed analysis of the roots of the problem, both historical and legal ones, as well as the evaluation of legislative measures taken in order to resolve it. The paper refers to multiple reports, statistics, and laws regarding discussed matter. Furthermore, this work also highlights the role of both legislature and society in the ongoing process of linguistic transformation.
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The aim of the paper is to find whether and when the Samogitian dialect is used, whether it is worth using a native dialect and attitudes towards a dialect and standard Lithuanian. A quantitative survey method was used to identify attitudes towards Southern and Northern Samogitian and their use. Research sample: 100 respondents with non-humanitarian education from Northern and Southern Samogitia, aged 18-30. The survey showed that the majority of the respondents only sometimes used their dialect, usually with interlocutors from the same village or town. The respondents were well aware of the domains where a dialect can be used, knew that it should be used in informal speech, informal situations and used standard Lithuanian in formal speech. It was found that it was important to them to preserve the Southern and Northern Samogotian subdialects. Having compared the respondents‘ answers by gender no significant difference was found between the opinion of men and women about the use and preservation of their native dialect.
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The aim of this study was to study the functioning of the precedent phenomena of the Czech presidential discourse of Vaclav Havel and Vaclav Klaus. This article clarifies the role of precedent phenomena as one of the main sources of expressiveness of speech activity, reflecting a high level of communicative competence of linguistic activity, a linguistic personality and serving to implement its speech intentions, thereby forming a cognitive thesaurus of the target audience. The precedent phenomena in the speeches of V. Havel and V. Klaus consistently link the text into a single whole, express the system of assessments of the national linguo-cultural community and are well known to him. They create a certain system of values that have developed historically, regulating social behavior, condemn or approve of it. Using precedence is an indicator of competence by which presidents evoke empathy in their audience, which helps to reduce the distance between the president and citizens. A large group is made up of anthroponyms in the speeches of V. Klaus (names of famous politicians, public figures who contributed to the development of the Czech Republic) - A. Vondra (ex-former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic), V. Dyk, T. G. Masaryk; examples of world literature and cinema (Goethe’s Faust, A. Dumas’s The Three Musketeers, the protagonist of the series Thirty Cases of Major Zeman) anti-utopian novels by O. Huxley, J. Orwell, E. Zamyatin; philosophical works of M. Heidegger Being and Time', often resorts to self-citation. Among the precedent statements V. Havel uses the names of saints and famous freedom fighters - St. Vojtech, J. Palach, the famous theologian, thinker, teacher and writer J. Comenius and the American preacher M. L. King; often refers to the Bible and to biblical stories - the fate of Christ, the Apocalypse, Ten Commandments.
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This paper is based on the material collected according to the pronunciation of professional speakers on the Radio Television of the Republic of Srpska and shows that in modern Serbian of the Ijekavian dialect words are most often pronounced without transferring the accent. It is quite common to transfer the accents from some forms of personal and demonstrative pronouns, although even then words are more often pronounced without transferring. In the forms of some other pronouns transferring occurs by exception. Stress transfer from nouns to the proclitic it is also rarely realised. Transferring is required to the proclitic ne in the negative forms of the present in the pronunciation of the professional speakers whose dialect base is the northwestern branch of the Herzegovina-Krajina dialect, which is also the case in other dialects. Anyway, in modern speech, in the transferring of accents, it is possible only from one-syllable and two-syllable words to monosyllabic proclitic, while the transferring from multi-syllable words and to monosyllabic proclitic completely disappears.
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The paper starts from the basic assumption that genres are socially linked, and shall refer to those circumstances in which language changes due to historical, social and cultural factors, maintaining the need for a structural perspective with sets of rules stressing the right genre interpretations, yet focusing on language functional use in defining discourse in institutional settings. Therefore, we shall discuss elements such as time, space or protagonists which contribute to language change. The paper aims to explain how such controlling factors will connect language-genre-discourse in institutional settings, delimiting specific genres by forcing language change to (re)adapt to new contexts.
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The current paper discusses the controversial nature of the semiotic status of tolerance, peace and living together. Considered, according to the political reading, as states of affairs, it turns out in the light of the discourse semiotics that they are rather states of mind. Under the circumstances, the semiotic path to be built for peace calls for a semiotics of passions. Such a reading recalls the place of passions in search of a meaning, and calls into question the inadequacy of action to build a world of peace where living is shared. In addition, the semiosphere makes it possible to delimit the anthropogenic areas required for social cohesion. It is a question of living in harmony with the others by sharing with them a sphere, in respect of what individualizes them. Since tension is omnipresent in social interactions, we propose the development of a discursive strategy to best manage them: social intelligence.
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Emerging Terminologies and Exploration of Specialized Corpus. The Lexicon of Covid-19 in Romanian. This study discusses the issue of emerging terminologies analysed through quantitative and qualitative analysis of a specialised corpus. Thus, beginning from studies on terminological neologisms such as Rondeau (1984), Kageura (2002) and Humbley (2009) who state that emergent terminologies are formed as a result of a combination of terminologies already fixed in the language and terminological neologisms. Humbley (2009) also hypothesizes that most of the terminological units of an emerging domain are neologisms. Using this theoretical framework and working with a corpus of more than 400,000 words, we aim to observe the terminology of the emerging field of Covid-19. As objectives of this research we aim to answer the following questions: a) which are the most used monolexical terms of Covid-19 in Romanian, b) which are the most used plurilexical terms of Covid-19 in Romanian, c) is the emerging terminology of this field mostly composed of neological terms? The study is meant for researchers, teachers and students interested in corpus-based linguistic research.
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