Book Review
Katharine M. Donato and Donna Gabaccia (2015). Gender and International Migration: From the Slavery Era to the Global Age. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 254 Pages (paperback). (ISBN 978-0-87154-546-6)
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Katharine M. Donato and Donna Gabaccia (2015). Gender and International Migration: From the Slavery Era to the Global Age. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 254 Pages (paperback). (ISBN 978-0-87154-546-6)
More...
According to directive 75/117/EEC, Poland is obliged to implement policies to prevent discrimination against women in the labour market. One of the aspects unequal pay for work of equal value. Therefore it’s important to decompose the differences into caused by heterogeneous productivity characteristics, differences in preferences and pure discrimination. Assuming preferences stable over time, the impact of career preferences on the differences in pay between men and women in Poland was analysed.
More...
The article is based on the results of the research, which was conducted in authorized car services. It describes the elements of Servqual method, what are the expectations and perceptions of service quality. Defined the essence of excellence and continuous monitoring the level of service quality in authorized car services. Finally presents the results of the research – the level of expectations and perceptions and service quality, separately for men and women.
More...
This paper deals with the issue of representation of intersex non-normative bodies and identities in the area of film. That also encompasses the process of re-evaluation of binary categories of sex/gender and their limits through fictional film narratives about intersexuality, starting from the understanding of the representation as a meaning production strategy and analyses of discourse factors which regulate the dominant interpretation of sex, gender and Subject, and, finally, their deconstruction from the perspective of gender theories. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how is possible to conceptualize different approaches to representation of intersexuality and establish a critique of gender/sex dichotomy and violence it produces through re-thinking of established categories of gender and sex, from the perspective of various gender and film theories, as well as what various representation strategies of non-normative bodies implicate. In that context, I shall present my analysis and interpretation of films XXY (2007) and El último verano de la boyita (2009), while considering various discourse formations which, in given contexts, shape dominant understanding of sex/gender and intersexuality as well as narratives of two films. These films present some of the first, rare and important accomplishments which undertake different approaches to issues of representation of intersexuality, through which fictional narratives, potentials of intervention within dominant discourse of non-normative bodies are re-thought, i.e., the potentials of redefining and decentring of the established norms of sex/gender.
More...
The quintessential characteristic of Iranian art film is its heavy politicization, achieved by addressing social and women’s issues. Stylistically, influenced by distinctive Persian literary tradition, New Iranian Cinema is known for blurring lines between documentary and fiction, thus exploring new film forms and genres. This paper primarily calls into question the veiling discourse and censorship of Islamic government as an unsuspecting instrument of enhancing the authentic style of film authors, after which it continues with an examination of the role of aesthetics in terms of redefining the politics of gender representation in film and the process of spectatorship. This article is mostly an homage to Abbas Kiarostami, a world-renowned Iranian director, who passed away recently. His cinematic style will be examined through the prism of representational politics of feminist film theory. Specifically, two of his films will be analyzed, a film Ten (2002) which is completely shot in the inside of a car, as a woman picks up passengers and drives them through Tehran, and another one, Shirin (2008), a film which consists of many close-ups of actresses watching a film scene, as a unique way of representing female spectatorship and the process of identification with the images on screen.
More...
This essay is an exploratory investigation into the aesthetics of force and sensation, and an experimental “pragmatics of becoming” in The Beast Trilogy, a science-fiction graphic novel trilogy of Enki Bilal, a French-Yugoslav artist. The study is, first, inclined to transgress the rigid boundaries of logics of identity in favor of attuning to the processes that unfold new and affirmative approaches to the production of subjectivity-the approaches that consist of the processual dynamics of human and non-human bodies in “coagulation” or assemblage with each other. Next, it explores the graphic novels and Enki Bilal’s art as a pure being of sensation, a body that performs, a material capture, that is, a perception-consciousness formation, in which way contributes to the aesthetics of sensation. In making a plea for the non-unitary, multiple and complex subject of an intruder and in exploring Bilal’s capturing of the purely passive, receptive force of sensation on the aesthetic plane of composition, this essay embraces the embodied materialism, Irigaray’s sensible transcendental and Deleuze’s transcendental empiricism. In keeping with Deleuze and Guattari’s diagram of the landscape of subjectivity and the particular emphasis on their “affective forces” of materiality, and starting with the perspective informed by contemporary feminist writers, the paper engages with the notions of sensation, difference, time, memories, love, violence and otherness to suggest that his art is the machine of expression that embodies sensation, and extends it beyond, through a process that entails abandoning a dogmatic image of thought for an affective production of intruder assemblages and imperceptible becoming-x that further foster the intruder consciousness reconfigured through corporeality, and thus fabrication of a creative symbiosis of reason and the imagination premised on sensation.
More...
The desire of development of competences of self-employed women in Poland and the increase of those competences as a result of running own business were analysed in the article. This paper has a theoretical and empirical character. Theoretical deliberations were dedicated to the definition of key and emotional competences. The aim of the empirical study was to evaluate determinants and consequences of women’s self-employment in Poland. The article presents the results of research on the declared willingness of development of individual competences and their increase due to conducting own business.
More...
This paper represents a social analysis of the social role and position of women in Yugoslavia in the period 1945–1990 in the context of (changes in) global society, and/or the level of its patriarchality. Relying on the terminology and theoretical contribution of Sylvia Walby, the author points out the existence of private and public patriarchy which, through its joint action, (re)produces gender inequalities within the society. Namely, the egalitarian ideology, changed legislation and modernization processes during the socialist period really promoted greater presence of women in public sphere, but that sphere obtained the form of public patriarchy, while the social position and role of women in it become characterized by segregation, marginalization and lack of privileges. Conversely, the new social order did not destabilize the traditional family model – private patriarchy was present and women remained “in the chains of tradition,” trapped in their role of “wife, mother and housewife”. The analysis of the above mentioned social– cultural and historic framework indicates the subdual of women in both social spheres, which has resulted in their being overburdened. The so-called “socialist” emancipation of women is seen here as a process mainly characterized by the contradiction between the proclaimed ideals of equality and changes arising from the above mentioned reason, on the one hand, and reality in which women, unrelieved from their traditional role, are far from becoming equal members of society on the other hand.
More...
Our impulse to probe the concept of women’s heritage of the socialist past in the former Yugoslavia comes from the concern for enriching both theoretical and activist endeavors of contemporary feminists with a novel perspective and knowledge of the past. Starting from discussing epistemological questions related to the concepts of heritage, time, and memory, we briefly outline main problems of the historiography of women’s experience during socialism in Yugoslavia, including the emergence of feminist theory and activism, and proposing some theoretical tools for further debate. These theoretical tools could help to account for multiplicity and complex temporalities of feminist paths, interplay between Marxist and feminist agency in socialist Yugoslavia, and, finally, they could reposition the debate on the feminist and socialist past in the complex reality of the post-Yugoslav space/time.
More...
The article tries to establish a model of critical reading/deconstruction of the last twenty years of academic dealing with the region and, its gender-related and other relevant consequences. The article will explain how (due to colonizing interpretations, imperial revival, wisdom of the colonized and unexpected alliances) the intellectual landscapes of the region have been shaken; as well as how, along with the social systems, their dissidence has been diminished leaving a huge empty space in knowledge production, cultural creativity, and state-of-the-art communication with humanities outside the region. At the same time, mobility and exchange have increased immensely, along with the skillful use of academic jargons, often lacking criteria. How can we address these paradoxes? Since it does not suffice to project them against the prevailing screen of nationalist narratives mixed with neo-liberal rhetoric, what we need is an analysis of inside problems of former dissident schools of thought. This will show how the old pitfalls and traps have accommodated new self-deceiving strategies. Forced oblivion and newly constructed memories have very much affected all areas, including gender studies, transforming them often into sites of power-games.
More...
Through the lens of feminist critique and theory of literature, this paper will attempt to critically analyze the narrative strategies in the novel The Book about Milutin by Danko Popović which are directly related to the valorization of patriarchal values. By analyzing the way in which gender is presented from the perspective of the book’s two narrators, Milutin Ostojić and his wife Živana, this paper will try to show the relationship between the stereotypical depiction of the female identity in the novel and its importance in creating the desirable type of society. This analysis will then be linked with the remarkable success that the novel received after its publication and the fact that it is still perceived as one of the most important Serbian anti-war novels of the late 20th century. This work will have as its aim to highlight the importance of the revival and new examination of those strands in Serbian literary tradition that in practice actively and openly promoted the ideals of patriarchal society.
More...
One of the central concepts of feminist psychoanalytic film theory that emerged in the 1970s is the notion of gaze, taken from the theory of Jacques Lacan, French philosopher and psychoanalyst. Heavily influenced by Sartre’s existential philosophy and phenomenology of late works of Merleau-Ponty, Lacan further developed the concept claiming that the internalization of the eye-gaze dialectics is essential for the process of subjectivization. This paper seeks to sketch out the trajectory of Lacan’s notion of gaze once taken over by feminist film theory - from Mulvey’s influential manifesto, through the criticism it received, to possible revitalization of the term within feminist theory owing to Bracha Ettinger’s contemporary articulation of the notion of the matrixial gaze.
More...
The research focuses on identifying learning styles of students using Experiential Learning Theory. Тhe paper explores the connection between the preferred learning styles of students with academic achievement аnd gender differences. The findings indicate that assimilating learning style most preferred by students. Furthermore, the study shows that there are significant differences in learning styles of students in terms of gender differences of students. The results suggest that within the school context in Serbia such teaching strategies are applied that encourage the development of the assimilating style – lectures through which a number of information systematized in a logical structure are transferred to students. Also, most of the students who have excellent school achievements actually prefer the assimilating learning style. This finding can be explained by the assumption that students develop their own learning styles in accordance with teachers' expectations.
More...
The objective of this study is to explore the role and relevance of leaders’ gender in their choice of dominant leadership style in Serbian companies and institutions. The categories we use in our research are based on the two most popular classifications of leadership styles, established in Iowa and Ohio studies (which identified authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire style and task-oriented or relationship-oriented leadership style respectively). For data collection we used a 31-statement questionnaire, applying the method of proportional stratified random sampling. The sample contained responses of 79 randomly selected respondents (leaders) from randomly selected organizations in Serbia. To determine whether there is statistically significant dependence between the identified dominant leadership styles and leaders’ gender we applied the Chi-square test of independence as a quantitative statistical method. Our results confirmed statistically significant interdependence between the observed pairs of categorical variables. More precisely, they indicated that female leaders incline towards task-oriented and authoritarian leadership styles, while male leaders prefer relationship-oriented and democratic styles.
More...
Based on two ethnographical studies, our article explores social remittances from France and from the Gulf States, i.e. the way Egyptian migrants and returnees contribute to social change in their homeland with a focus on gender ideals and practices, as well as on the ways families cope with departure, absence and return. Policies in the home and host countries, public discourse, translocal networks, and individual locations within evolving structures of power, set the frame for an analysis of the consequences of migration in Egypt. This combination of structural factors is necessary to grasp the complex negotiations of family and gender norms, as asserted through idealized models, or enacted in daily practices in immigration and back home.
More...
This article examines different forms of Ukrainian migrant women’s social remit-tances, articulating some results of two ethnographic studies: one focused on the migration of Ukrainian women to Italy, and the other on the social impact of em-igration in Ukraine. First, the paper illustrates the patterns of monetary remittance management, which will be defined as a specific form of social remittance, since they are practices shaped by systems of norms challenged by migration. In the second part, the article moves on to discuss other types of social remittances transferred by migrant women to their families left behind: the right of self-care and self-realisation; the recognition of alternative and more women-friendly life-course patterns; consumption styles and ideas on economic education. Therefore, I will explore the contents of social remittances, but also the gender and inter-generational conflicts that characterise these flows of cultural resources.
More...
This study analyses the transition from the last job in the country of origin to the first job in Spain for immigrants from non-developed countries according to their country of birth. We used the 2007 Spanish National Immigration Survey to build empirical models of multivariate regression analysis considering the main factors that may influence the probability of downward and upward labour mobility for men and women separately. The inexistence of differences between men and women on the impact of networks and the key role of presettled partners in immigrants´ upward labour mobility are the main findings of this work.
More...
A small body of research has demonstrated the dramatic social, settlement and demographic effects of Indigenous „female flight‟ from remote communities in Alaska, Canada, and the Northern Sparsely Populated Areas of Europe. In the Northern Territory of Australia, remote Indigenous settlement patterns are highly similar to these areas but neither research nor policy have had anything to say about whether female flight has or might also impact there. This paper applies quantitative tests to thirty years of Census data to look for evidence of precursors in the Northern Territory and discusses the demographic and policy implications in light of the findings.
More...