Furcsa párok, mobilos anyák és saját-kultúrás vesék
Review of the book "Távszerelem/Távszeretet: Életformák a globális korszakban"(translation of "Distant Love" by Ulrich Beck, Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim [2011])
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Review of the book "Távszerelem/Távszeretet: Életformák a globális korszakban"(translation of "Distant Love" by Ulrich Beck, Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim [2011])
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A nők iskolázottsága és munkaerőpiaci pozíciója között státusinkonzisztencia figyelhető meg. A formális oktatásban – a részvételi arányokat tekintve – már az 1980-as években a nők előnye, míg a munkaerőpiacon napjainkban is a nők hátránya figyelhető meg a férfiakhoz képest. A nők előnye azonban az oktatásban sem teljes, szétválnak a fiú és lányiskolák, horizontális szegregáció figyelhető meg nemek szerint. Jellemző a fiúk és lányok iskoláinak „neoszegregációja”, a koedukáció visszaszorulása, ami a lányokat hátrányos helyzetbe hozhatja. „A lányok az iskolarendszer vertikális szerkezetében előnyre tettek szert a fiúkkal szemben, a horizontális szerkezetben azonban a tradicionális választások erősebbnek bizonyultak.” (Forray & Hegedűs 1987:234.) A kistelepülések és a nagyvárosok peremkerületeinek gimnáziumaiban a lányok túlsúlya jellemező, míg a nagyvárosi magasabb presztízsű iskolákban kiegyenlítettek a nemi arányok. A szakközépiskolákban is érvényesül a hagyományos férfi és női szakmák szerinti elkülönülés (Forray 1986). Emellett a felsőoktatásban is jelen van a szegregáció (lásd pl. Fényes munkáját).
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The paper presents selected tendencies in Polish women’s poetry of 1865–1870 which was a period of a breakthrough between Romanticism and Positivism. The analysis is based on the poems published in several family and female magazines, such as “Opiekun Domowy”,“Kółko Domowe”, “Kronika Rodzinna”, “Tygodnik Mód”, “Kalina”and “Bluszcz”. Both continuations and epigonic forms in relation to the previous period of literature are discussed, as well as forerunners of new literary phenomena which deserve the special attention of the19th century researchers. A few suggestions have been made for considering new possible ways of reading seemingly obvious and traditional female poems. Te author of the paper also draws attention to the absence of reliable literary criticism which could have a constructive influence on the quality of female poetry and its resulting consequences.
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The article discusses the poetic contents of the main Polish magazine “Tygodnik Ilustrowany”. This paper attempts to describe a new poetic genre – poetic tableau, that occurred in the 19th century poetry. By that the author of the article means a kind of narrative poetry, that draws out the following social issues: misery of working class, orphanhood, the situation of women, poverty, alcoholism, prostitution etc. These problems were at the same time presented in realistic and naturalistic prose, that pursued the main claims of Polish Positivism. The article shows, that the forerunner of this genre for Polish poets was a French author – François Coppée. In conclusion the author suggests that poetic tableau could have acted as Polish response to the modern European poetry of the 19th century.
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The main purpose of the text is to widely introduce a book written by Mateusz Skucha entitled Niesytość pragnienia. W kręgu młodopolskiej liryki kobiet (Hungriness of desire. In the circle of Young Poland lyric of women, Kraków 2016), a reliable monograph. It's author presents the works of selected poets of Young Poland as an important part of literary history of the whole epoch. By applying critical-feminist tools, Skucha creates convincing interpretations,proving that the genres used by the authors and the scope of the discussed topics, all enrich the space of Polish poetry as such.
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The review is a periphrasis of Katarzyna Czeczot’s book Ofelizm. Romantyczne zawłaszczenia, feministyczne interwencje (Ophelism. Romantic appropriations, feminist interventions, Warszawa 2016) highlighting the duality of this work, which sees in Ophelism (kinship with the heroine of Hamlet) both the source of certain motifs of social imagination as well as the images that violate the traditional division of both sexes.
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This paper investigates the concept of the human rights of women and its connection with the phenomenon and the instances of discrimination against women. Discrimination against women, its social visibility and the fight against it, within the idea of the rights and the equality of women, are a source of many theoretical debates. Academic discussions and a powerful influence of the women’s movement have brought about the establishment and the exercise of the human rights of women at different levels of the public and the private spheres of society, as a substantial part of the universal regime of human rights.
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The article describes religious attitudes of female characters in the novels by Eliza Orzeszkowa. The majority of them is not favoured with genuine faith and not guided by the Ten Commandments. Paradoxically, these are the heroines who talks about God the most and surround themselves with religious symbols. Really devout female characters do not make a great show with of their piety, they do good quietly, not ostentatiously. Their understanding of Jesus Christ’s teachings is followed by positivist work on the development of the self and the nearest environment; whilst the ostensibly devout heroines are deeply stuck in class prejudice.
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The author of this article does the ethical analysis of the project, which is «gender mainstreaming». This is a guideline of the European Union, which governs the national policy of the member countries. In practice, an estimation of its impact on the situation of women and men. Such a policy, however, is contrary to traditional culture based on Christian faith, and can threaten civilization, which has the same roots. The above analysis is based on ethical grounds, which are: the common good and work.
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In the paper, we compare income distributions in Poland, taking into account gender differences. The gender pay gap can only be partially explained by differences in men’s and women’s characteristics. The unexplained part of the gap is usually attributed to the wage discrimination. The objective of the study is to extend the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure to different quantile points along the income distribution. We utilize such decomposition methods as the residual imputation approach, the reweighting approach and the RIF-regression method to describe differences between the incomes of men and women along the two distributions. We evaluate the strength of the influence of personal characteristics onto the various parts of the income distributions. The analysis is based on data from the EU-SILC data for Poland in 2014.
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In addition to top management, middle management also plays an important role in some phases of strategic decision making process. The purpose of the research is to test the theoretical model of decision making called “management science” on medium-sized enterprises of undeveloped markets such as Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim is to explore the gender influence of middle managers on their involvement in different phases of strategic decision making. In order to test the empirical model, 135 both middle and top managers in 30 medium-sized enterprises in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were research subjects. For the purpose of hypotheses testing, correlation and linear regression were used. Research results revealed that gender of middle managers does not significantly affect their involvement in different phases of strategic decision making.
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The labor market is dominated by young and resourceful people and that is why people aged 50 and above, especially women, do have problems finding or changing a job. Our country presents the lowest in Europe index of job offers addressed to 50+ people. People aged 50 and above seem to be marginalised in Poland, especially on the labor market, regardless of their gender.
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The feminist critics of western epistemology reveal political implications of a conception of truth. As a consequence of this a legal process is also in a broad sense inflicted by politics. The feminist jurisprudence claims that the modern law is founded on patriarchal values and interests and neglects voices of social groups which are located on the edge of the society.
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The subject of the thesis is the issue of the trivialization of the concept of feminism in the segment of luxurious women’s press. As a starting point the author adopted the phenomenon of negotiating the meaning of feminism in the media. The thesis was investigated at an angle of feminist discourse (understood as a way of using the language) trivialisation in Poland. The aim of this study was to describe the indications of post feminist discourse forms: latte-feminism, pop-feminism and girl power and to detect the connection between them and a particular press title (‘Twój Styl’, ‘Wysokie Obcasy’, ‘Wysokie Obcasy Extra’ and ‘Cosmopolitan’). In the course of the thesis definitions of forms of post-feminism – previously unheard in academic work – were developed. The study was based on content analysis that showed the most important trends, used later to critical discourse analysis.
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The aim of the study presented in this paper was an analysis of the content of two popular among Polish teenagers YouTube channels: AbstrachujeTV (the authors are men) and Szparagi (the authors are women). 46 episodes were content analysed. The analysis was conducted at an angle of performed stereotypes applied to women. Both channels contain short sketches which ‘ridicule’ the reality and use character stereotyping. Special attention was paid to explore the relationship between characteristic tendencies in presenting women in new media and stereotypes that function in our culture. The differences in presenting women by women-authors and by men-authors were also analysed.
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Ochotnicza Liga Kobiet was the first regular military formation feminine on Polish soil, which was created in 1918. During the Polish-Ukrainian struggle for Lwów. A year later, during the Polish-Soviet War, he founded OLK 2 in Vilnius. The growing threat of the Soviet Union meant that in 1920. Formation was reorganized and in August this year took part in the Battle of Warsaw. Portrait collective members OLK both representatives of the officers, as usual serial – Sentinel, courier or administrative workers. For obvious reasons, the most famous were the first of these, which often continued its operations after the termination of formation – in the interwar period, and later during World War II. Tese include the, m.in.: the initiator and founder of OLK – Lt.-Col. Aleksandra Zagorska, see. Wanda Gertz – commander of the Legion of Vilnius, Sec. Irena Jędrychowska – Battalion commander OLK in Poznan, Sec. Maria Chojecka – battalion commander campaign administrative OLK in Warsaw, Lieutenant. Halina Kowalska – commander OLK branch in Grudziądz.A large part of the representatives of officers OLK was educated and came from landowning families or intellectual, where the cultivated tradition of independence. Tey were also often involved in the work of independence before the outbreak of World War I, and thus represented by patriotic attitudes they have been shaped before joining OLK. As a result, in the course of military service, they were characterized by a special commitment and often were successful. Their achievements were appreciated by giving them badges and managerial functions. It is worth noting that the decorations and received praise not only representatives of the officers, but also non commissioned officers or serial, which were also exemplary soldiers.In conclusion, we can say that the period of operation of OLK was an important step in the military participation of women, and even though the formation was liquidated, gained by its members experience became a vehicle for the development of the movement of military training of women in the interwar period.
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Druga połowa ХІХ i początek ХХ w. to okres istotnych zmian w życiu kobiet w Galicji. Zmiany te były wynikiem transformacji politycznych, społeczno-gospodarczych i ideowo-kulturowych, które stały się udziałem społeczeństwa galicyjskiego w tych czasach. Emancypacja kobiet, jako część składowa tych procesów, spowodowała nowe podejście do statusu kobiet, sprawiając, że szczególnie aktualne stawały się tematy ich wychowania, edukacji, działalno- ści publicznej i zawodowej. Lista dostępnych dla kobiet zawodów coraz bardziej się rozszerzała. W czasach „pierwszych” nauczycielek, telefonistek, lekarek tradycyjne poglądy na temat społecznej roli kobiet, dotychczas postrzeganych przez pryzmat domu i rodziny, były uzupełniane oraz weryfikowane. Ze względu na zwiększającą się liczbę absolwentek szkół dla kobiet oraz ich obecność w tych sferach, które do niedawna uważane były za domenę męż- czyzn, perspektywa samodzielnego zdobywania środków utrzymania, co było związane z posiadaniem zawodu, coraz częściej okazywała się nie tylko zachcianką najbardziej „postępowych”, lecz czymś zupełnie realnym dla tych przedstawicielek płci pięknej, które tego najbardziej potrzebowały.
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Organizacje kobiece, które powstały na Ukrainie Naddnieprzań- skiej na początku ХХ w. tworzyły ważny nurt życia społecznego. Kobiety zrzeszały się z uwagi na kwestie zawodowe, światopoglą- dowe, dotyczące interesów klasowych itp. We współczesnej literaturze historycznej badania na ten temat są dosyć rozpowszechnione. Natomiast dotychczas nikt właściwie nie podjął badań dotyczących kobiecych stowarzyszeń w odniesieniu do innych grup narodowych, w szczególności polskiej. Na Ukrainie Naddnieprzań- skiej rozwijały się polskie organizacje kobiece, tworząc m.in. sieć kół pomocy wzajemnej, towarzystwa wsparcia sztuki i kultury, stowarzyszenia religijne2. Zbiorowości te nie tylko spełniały funkcję jednoczenia polskich kobiet, ale miały też na celu zachowanie tożsamości narodowej. Zarazem w ramach polskiego ruchu kobiet kształtowały się odrębne tendencje i grupy. Wymaga to dokładnej analizy, co pozwoli na ich klasyfikację, zrozumienie ich istoty i znaczenia, ocenę wpływu na polską i ukraińską ludność tego obszaru.
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To the modern reader, the Nineteenth Century England has always been the reminiscent of unrelenting ideals regarding social codes of conduct. Although such ideals have been widely criticized, they were passed off as unquestionably natural and necessary to be carried out during the Victorian era. Yet Oscar Wilde, the renowned dramatist of the time, was one of the authors who dared to put to challenge the accepted prescribed gender roles exposing their constructed essence using his insurmountable wit. The current article aims at analysing the apparently transgressive gender roles in Oscar Wilde’s play; An Ideal Husband, with the aid of Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, a theory which disavows the concept of an inherent gender identity in favour of the idea that gendered behaviours are the consequence of performing certain discursively assigned acts.
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