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Review of: Б. Терзић. Руско-српске езикови паралеле. (Сборник). Славистичко друштво Србиjе, книга II, Београд, 1999, 370 стр.
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This article presents proper names which were used by Soviet (communist) propaganda in the weekly Crocodile in Western Ukraine (in Polish “Krokodyl na Zachodniej Ukrainie”). It was published in Lviv, in October 1939, in two language versions: Polish and Ukrainian. Based on a selection of language units, the author proves how anthroponyms, toponyms and chrematonims were designed to unite the community, to convince the people to believe government propaganda and to persuade them to behave in a desirable way. Furthermore, the author classifies the names into: historical, unhistorical — real, and unhistorical — unreal. Based on the analysis, the author claims that the names were the elements that evaluate positively or negatively, and that their selection was intentional as their connotations were supposed to strengthen a stereotypical perception of the world.
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The aim of the article was to analyse Ukrainian mycological terms based on Zvenyslava Kalinets-Mamchur’s Словник-довідник з альгології та мікології. The author reviews their structure, discusses the derivation processes, and examines the role of borrowings in their formation. The article shows that terminological clusters represent a substantial group among the 956 terminological units. Almost half of them are structures with elements directly derived from the area of mycological terminology (e.g., аскогеннні гіфи, поліфільна слань, вегетативні гіфи, корові лишайники). Few terms result from word-forming derivation, mainly because borrowing foreign elements turned out to be an important way of supplementing mycological resources. Moreover, neosemantisms and names resulting from conversion have a marginal share in the creation of mycological terms.
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The article describes the principles of different stages of teaching the grammar of Ukrainian as a heritage language (selection of grammatical material, presentation, mastering, training, use — correcting errors and assessment). The main method used is the descriptive method, which demonstrates certain aspects of the world experience that can be useful for the Ukrainian language education, while the method of component analysis has been used to identify the semantics of the studied terms, as well as elements of the observation method (based on teaching experience). Grammatical competence is defined as the ability to produce speech by choosing the right grammatical forms, understanding grammatical categories and meanings. The meaning of the terms grammatical minimum (set of grammatical meanings, functions and forms required for learning), explicit (explanation by means of rules) and implicit (unconscious learning), deductive (from rule to examples), inductive (from examples to rules) methods for mastering grammar have been specified. Examples of tasks that can be used in the learning process have been offered.
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In this article on the material of Russian-language journalism, the specifics of the formation of noun names with a general meaning of a person in the Russian language of Latvia 1918–1940 in comparison with the language of metropolis. Word formation in this category of names in the language of metropolis in the 20–30s and further characterized by a deepening specification of productive suffixes -ист-; -(ов)ец-/-(ев)ец-; -щик- /-льщик. During the specification, duplexity in the expression of word-forming meanings and a direct consequence of duplexity – competition of nominations in the same meaning with different suffixes – are eliminated. The process of specifying these word-forming suffixes in the Russian language of Latvia during the period under review is not traced, here, on the contrary, there is an increase in duplicity and active competition of duplex nominations. One of the duplets is often unknown to the language of the metropolis and is formed in the Russian language of Latvia: спортист – спортсмен, конторист – конторщик, ленинец – ленинист.
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The article examines the representation of the intensity of envy in the Polish, Russian and Ukrainian languages in the linguoaxiological aspect. In the description of the intensity of emotion, a quantitative and qualitative assessments can be distinguished. The scale of the intensity of envy, reflected in the compared languages, is quite wide — from low to very high manifestation of feeling. However, a very strong feeling of envy is more often objectified. The comparative analysis showed a predominant similarity in the representation of the assessment of the intensity of envy in the Polish, Russian and Ukrainian languages. Although it is possible to highlight some of the features inherent in any one language. For example, the description of a strong manifestation of envy through the image of a liquid substance is especially characteristic of the Russian language.
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The aim of this article is to present a selected lexis of Russian and Polish languages, and its increasing frequency in con- temporary texts. The author of the study pays attention to the various relations between language and reality: language as a reflection of reality, language as a tool for its interpretation and creation. The paper discusses such pairs of words as вызов/wyzwanie, гуманитарный/humanitarny, гибридный/hybrydowy, the word абьюз, derived words with the com- ponent кибер and their Polish equivalents, as well as collocations with these words.
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This article deals with the problem of finding Polish equivalents in the translation of Russian-language special chess lit- erature. The focus of the article is on the general characteristics of chess literature in the form of the use, along with chess terminology, of informal and slang definitions, general sports and military phraseology and elements of an artificial semiotic system in the form of chess notation, symbols and diagrams. The variability and synonymy in the field of chess vocabulary, the problem of equivalence at the level of phrasemes and the question of the translator’s subject knowledge are also analyzed. The text corpora containing 37 issues of the„64 — Shakhmatnoe obozrenie”and 14 chess books, as well as examples drawn from translations of chess literature and Polish media, is used as the source material.
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The article focuses on the difficulties with finding Polish-Russian translation equivalents for personal income tax termi- nology. The method of their fixation in specialized translation dictionaries is verified. In case of detecting the absence of an equivalent or its inadequacy, potential translation solutions are proposed based on parallel texts. The Polish- and Rus- sian-language forms of annual personal income tax returns and the main regulatory legal acts that codify the terms used in the returns have been used as parallel texts. Based on the analysis, errors in translation dictionaries were identified, and recommendations for determining translation correspondences were formulated.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of errors that appeared in the translation of the Polish Labour Code into Russian, published by Wolters Kluwer in 2019. The translation of selected legal provisions from the printed version was compared with their translation, published in the LEX Legal Information System. Particular attention is paid to errors resulting from insufficient knowledge of how normative acts should be translated and a lack of knowledge of the law. It is emphasized that the principle of consistent use of a particular term within the entire legal text is important. Also, terms from different legal systems should not be used. According to the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the electronic version of the translation is of higher quality than the printed one.
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The research will focus on Polish cookery books and their Russian translations. A particular focus will be placed on trans- lation series сookery book by Maria Lemnis and Henryk Vitry Książka kucharka dla samotnych i zakochanych. Translation specificity of both texts is reflected not only in ways of finding appropriate equivalents for cuisine-related terminology but also, among others, in communication tactics adopted by translators. This will allow to show specificity of this genre, its varieties and modifications in the context of social transformations, behaviours as well as author-reader relationship.
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This article is devoted to the problems of translating science fiction literature. As a material for analysis, a novel by well- known Polish fantasy writer Jacek Dukaj — Perfect Imperfection, was used. The author’s attention focused primarily on the problem of translating terms and pseudo-terms, as well as neologisms. As the analysis of the material in the Russian translation has shown, the translation decisions generally coincide with the author’s intention of the original.
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This article is devoted to the functional and semantic description of the Russian and Polish terminology of theolinguistics. Russian and Polish lexicographic sources were used to analyze the interpretation of words that a priori can perform the function of theolinguistic terms; the features of their functioning in Russian- and Polish-language theolinguistic texts were studied; the selection and seminal analysis of Russian and Polish terms included in the conceptual and terminologi- cal field “theolinguistics” was carried out.
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The article attempts to answer the question of how the concept of FAMILY is profiled in religious discourse. As research material the texts published in 2017−2020 in the monthly magazine “Penzenskiy pravoslavnyy sobesednik” were used. Following the theory of the cognitive definition, the aspects and features exhibited in this profile were extracted. The key components of the meaning of family as seen from the Orthodox perspective are faith, love, upbringing of the younger generation, and tradition understood as the continuation of and respect for the past. The constitutive element, overriding all others, is faith, which defines the essence and continuation of the family.
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The article analyzes the trends in the development of the vocabulary of the Russian language at the beginning of the 21st century, reflected in the dictionary of neologisms, which illustrates the changes in the axiological linguistic picture of the world of Russians. In particular, we trace an intensive rethinking of the meanings of words that contain political idiologems or mythologems, an expansion of the fund of words and meanings with evaluative semantics due to global processes of jargonization, criminalization, vulgarization, falsification (verbalization of untruth), feminization, intensifi- cation of a sign or action, verbalization of non-verbals, the actualization of precedence and creativity (active modelling of the language game).
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