ЕДИН ЩАСТЛИВ АКАДЕМИЧЕН ЩУРЕЦ

Author(s): Valentin Braykov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

The memory of Assoc. Prof. Rumen Cholov continues to live in people who have had contact with his person. And how to be forgotten when, with his free spirit and bohemian temper, he managed to stand out in a difficult academic time. People who have witnessed his character and charm, with nostalgia, remember his audacity to utter uncomfortable truths and be the leader of the new generation of intellectuals. With his great erudition and tact, goodwill and pure-heartedness, Assoc. Prof. Rumen Cholov left alive the memory of all, who touched him, for his highly intellectual and moral image of the good teacher, colleague and man.

Една делиорманска аянска история от края на XVIII век

Author(s): Mariya Shusharova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

This article is an attempt at micro-history of an individual ayan (local notable) - Elhac Omeroglu Haci Omer aga - ayan of Hezargrad (Razgrad) in a prolonged period betwen the early 80-s up to his death in 1800. The sources used by the author are mostly single documents from the funds of Basbakanlik Osmanli Arsivi (Istanbul) and the Oriental Department at Sofia's National Library. As far as court records (sicills) remain irreplaceable for the study of a local institution as ayanlik the author had a chance to find some documents complementing the story of the ayan of Razgrad in the court records of the neighboring kazas (administrative districts) - namely Ruscuk (Ruse) and Hacioglu Pazari (Dobrich). Central issue of this paper is the ayanship of Haci Omer aga in the 1787-1792 Ottoman war against Russia and Habsburg Monarchy. The documents shed light on the functioning of the provincial administration in crucial moment when t he war deeply affected everyday life as the province became a battleground. The second half of the 18th century marked the point of Ottoman history where irregular troops composed the largest segment of the army. The local notables assumed a very important role in Ottoman wartime politics because of their indispensable function in manning the army with mercenaries from the province and furthermore - the mobilization of local resources for different war exigencies. This process had a clear repercussion in the documents concerning Haci Omer aga - he is among the ayans addressed by name in the orders of the central government to provide irregular troops. The most important aspect of the story here are the details that reviewed the important role of the ayans from there borderland territories in the precedent as the winter war activity of the Russian army in 1788/9 campaign. The cumbersome effect of the war on the people and respectively the ayan of the region at discussion, the difficulties of providing the sultan with the level of aid that was requested and par excellence the accusation of Haci Omer aga in embezzlement resulted in an order for his execution and also the confiscation of his property. The transgressor had the chance to escape his death, to find refuge, and half a year later the state revoked the prosecution and reimbursed Omera aga at his previous position. The reason for this turn of the state politics was his proficiency in providing troops and tax revenues for the coming war campaign. The magnanimity of the sultan proceeded in bestowal of a robe of honour (fur-lined coat) for the endeavour of the ayan to fulfill his engagements. The problems posed in this article implied some typified renderings of loyalty in ayan context. But furthermore the micro-history gives some details - the multifaceted relationship between the central government and the ayan could be seen also as symbiosis. The state turned a blind eye on some of the local elite transgressions for their indispensable administrative capacity at that stage of the Ottoman history.

Езикът на нормативните актове - юридически и филологически аспекти

Author(s): Lyudmila Ivanova,Maria Yosifova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2014

The paper offers an outline of the characteristics of legal language in Bulgarian legislation documents. The necessity to focus on the linguistic traits of this kind of legal text stems from the importance of a particular subject matter which bridges the purely legal and purely linguistic bounds in an indispensable partnership aimed at the formulation of texts meeting two fundamental requirements: the specific logic of legislative texts and accessibility of information. The findings may be of interest to various addressees such as less experienced translators who lack the necessary legal background, as well as lawyers in need of cooperation with linguists for the formulation of legal texts, but also to journalists as an aid for the competent and responsible tackling of legal language.

Екологично законодателство. Екологични престъпления и новите промени в Наказателния кодекс

Author(s): Anastasia Ignatova,Stanislav Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2011

In the evolution of legal protection of the environment we can distinguish two main historical periods. The first is that of the so-called Industrial Revolution from the beginning of the 19th century, and the second is the period of recovery after the Second World War, which lasted until the end of the seventies of the twentieth century. The relationship between economic development and the consumption of natural resources is very well known. It is also obvious that the more we develop the industry, trade and other economic sectors, the more resources are needed. Their systematic exhaustion and the imminent danger of permanent damage to nature are the reason for people around the world to think and take action. European countries are starting to create legislation aimed at protecting the environment, as we know it today at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. These laws are part of civil and administrative law, their primary objective being to ensure the payment of satisfactory compensation in cases of pollution and to create a system for avoiding damage to the environment and protecting human health. At this early stage in the development of environmental law, it is not considered necessary to criminalize acts damaging to nature, as they themselves were not so prevalent.In the evolution of legal protection of the environment, we can distinguish two main historical periods. The first is that of the so-called Industrial Revolution from the beginning of the 19th century, and the second is the period of recovery after the Second World War, which lasted until the end of the seventies of the twentieth century. The relationship between economic development and the consumption of natural resources is well known. It is also obvious that the more we develop the industry, trade and other economic sectors, the more resources are needed. Their systematic exhaustion and the imminent danger of permanent damage to nature are the reason for people around the world to think and take action. European countries are starting to create legislation aimed at protecting the environment, as we know it today at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. These laws are part of civil and administrative law, their primary objective being to ensure the payment of satisfactory compensation in cases of pollution and to create a system for avoiding damage to the environment and protecting human health. At this early stage in the development of environmental law, it is not considered necessary to criminalize acts damaging to nature, as they themselves were not so prevalent.

Екологічна функція держави в сучасних глобалізаційних процесах

Author(s): Anatoly Getman / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 128/2015

The article notes that the globalization of the world and its current development in all areas, including environmental one − these are the real facts. The transformation of the respective roles of the state and, above all, ecological one, takes place under their influence. Its goal should be to subordinate the society to ecological imperative, transformation of the nature of the state with an absolute target and functional orientation of all the activities on the implementation of this imperative.

Екологічне господарювання у системі екологічних відносин: проблема правової інституціалізації

Author(s): D. Zadykhailo / Language(s): English,Russian,Ukrainian / Issue: 135/2016

The problem of the legal institutionalization of the relationship of the ecological system as a structural element of the Basic Law. It is noted that the level of constitutional and legal provision of environmental relations are at the level of declarative laconic. A circle of objects of the ecological system, and the valleys to get the constitutional provision on the basis of their social value and relevance. The attention to an environmental management mechanism in solving environmental problems and the need for extensive use of structures concept of sustainable development in the legal support of environmental system.Environmental management seems quite multidimensional phenomenon that can be realized both commercial and non-commercial basis and being specifically aimed at achieving environmental effect as goals, or being targeted to achieve profits, but in the production process to achieve optional environmental effect. As well as forming a separate constitutional institution – «ecological system».

Екологічне право: роздуми про його витоки та перспективи розвитку

Author(s): Anatoly Getman,Vitaly Zuiev / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 137/2017

The ecological law of recent years is characterized by the expansion of the social relations covered by its legal norms. The nuclear and energy relations appear in addition to the traditional ecological relations – landscape, floral, and eco-systematic. There exists the resource component that does not belong to the traditional natural resources, for example, household and radiation waste, natural and climatic potential etc.At the same time, some components of the environmental law are separated artificially and function independently. We can mention the land law as an example of such separation as the lawyers who practice it believe that the land law has transformed and became a new branch of the legal system.

Екологоправни аспекти на културно-историческото наследство на Република България

Author(s): George Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

This article is dedicated to some environmental law aspects of protection of the cultural and historical heritage in the Republic of Bulgaria. Attention is paid to some legal tools for its protection mainly under the Environment Protection Act of 2002, as well as to some terminological problems. Finally, some more general conclusions are drawn from the regulation under review.

ЕКОЛОГОПРАВНИ АСПЕКТИ НА ОПАЗВАНЕТО НА РАБОТНАТА СРЕДА ПО ЕВРОПЕЙСКОТО ПРАВО

Author(s): Georgi Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2011

This scientific study is dedicated to problems related to the environmental law aspetcs for the protection of working environment under the Law of the European Union (EU) as well as the approximation of the Bulgarian legislation with the European law. Their actuality is determined to duties of Bulgaria to fulfill the requirements of the EU legislation in this field. The attention is paid to two groups of problems: a) environmental law protection of the working environment under primary law of the EU; b) environmental law protection of the working environment under secondary law of the EU. Finally some general conclusions and recommendations are given from the examined EU regulation.

Еколого-правни аспекти на ядрената (атомната) енергетика по първичното право на Европейския съюз

Author(s): Georgy Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2006

NOTES

Еколого-правова наука: сучасність та перспективи розвитку

Author(s): Anatoly Getman / Language(s): English / Issue: 131/2015

The influence of globalization and integration processes on the research of the issues of environmental law and legislation is examined. Environmental legal science is considered to be a system of knowledge and ideas on environmental law and its different institutions aimed at developing the environmental law doctrine, analyzing its theoretical and methodological issues, forming the conceptual apparatus and scientific categories for environmental legislation, studying the role of the state in the implementation of ecological functions and environmental policy.

ЕКОЛОШКО ПРАВО У ДЕЛИМА СЛАВОЉУБА ПОПОВИЋА

Author(s): Stevan Lilic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 57/2011

This paper is dedicated to the scientific work of professor Popović in a field of Environmental Law. Author emphasizes professor Popović’s great contribution to development of lawyers environmental awareness, development of environmental law as a branch of law and to implementation of environmental law in legal study programs in Serbia. Besides, author debates on status and importance of environmental law today.

ЕКОЛОШКО ПРАВО У НАУЧНОМ СТВАРАЛАШТВУ СЛАВОЉУБА ПОПОВИЋА

Author(s): Miloš Prica / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 57/2011

Academic legacy of Professor Slavoljub Popović contains a total of 809 bibliographic items, of which 235 are related to book (books, studies, monographs, commentaries, etc..) and 574 to periodicals and publications (articles, reports, presentations, etc..), which puts Professor Popović among the most productive professionals of Serbian legal science of the 20th century. Slavoljub Popović created his impressive academic work in the largest under the umbrella of administrative law, but left an indelible mark on other scientific fields, among which are Environmental Law, Legal Informatics and Constitutional Law. As Environmental law is now teaching discipline in all public law faculties in Serbia, and legal protection of the environment gains even more publicity, we dared to show in this paper, the scientific body of work of Professor Popović in the field of Environmental Law, especially the professor’s contribution to the establishment and development of Environmental Law in Serbia.

Економічна теорія та право

Frequency: 4 issues / Country: Ukraine

Collection of scientific papers "Economic Theory and Law" is devoted to problems of economic and legal sciences, the development of scientific research in the fields of economic theory, law, economic theory of law, economic analysis of law, economic law.

Mission of the collection of papers is to provide the equal opportunities for authors to publish their research results in the field of economic and legal sciences and their free distribution in the global scientific community.

Program goals:

-         Gain of the new knowledge in economics and law by the exchange of the results of scientific research between Ukrainian and foreign scientists;

-            Promotion the training of the economists and lawyers of new generation including theoreticians and practitioners;

-         Popularization of the modern economic and legal knowledge;

-         Providing the consulting help to doctoral students, post-graduates and students, and employees of government agencies and local governments, businessmen and managers.

The editorial policy based on the principles of objectivity, impartiality and collective decisions on the selection of articles for publication; with their high standards of quality; promoting the publication of original research; strict adherence to schedule of the release of the magazine. Editorial collection supports the Budapest Open Access Initiative; ensure the ethical publication, authorship, review and editing of scientific publications; condemns the manifestations of plagiarism and take the necessary measures to prevent copyright infringement.

ЕКОНОМСКА АНАЛИЗА ЕКОЛОШКОГ ПРАВА И ПОЛИТИКЕ

Author(s): Aleksandar Mojaševic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 53/2009

The subjects of analysis in this study are different economic approaches to the problem of environmental external effects (externalities). Since the state environmental policy (the regulation, the incentives policy and the tort rules) and the so-called market based solutions of externalities is being implemented in practice, the question is wich method in resolving the inherent problems is the most efficient one. The purpose of this study is to highlight the positive and negative characteristics of each method separately. Likewise, this study aims at indicating importance of the market based solution of externalities, as the most efficient solution, taking into consideration the transaction costs as the criterion of the efficiency. In the first part of the study the state environmental policy − the regulation, the incentives policy and the so-called system of pollution rights are presented. The second part deals with the market based solutions of externalities in light of the Coasean theorem. Respecting the importance and contribution of the Coasean theorem, author tries to emphasize the efficiency of market (contract) and judicial allocation of property rights, related to the state regulation.

ЕКОНОМСКА АНАЛИЗА ОДГОВОРНОСТИ ЗА ШТЕТУ ОД СТВАРИ СА НЕДОСТАТКОМ

Author(s): Aleksandar Mojaševic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 52/2008

The product liability represents important legal and economic issue in the modern society. Should producer's liability be subjective or strict and what circumstances should exclude it are questions constituting the subject of analysis in this paper. Besides, the analysis of formulated problems exceeds the scope of legal theory and legal methods. The starting point is a law as a system of incentives, in the sense that legal rules provide incentives for reduction of a total harm costs caused by a defect product. However, the question is what liability rule gives the most efficient incentives. Is it the negligence rule or the rule of strict liability? If it is the strict producer's liability, what circumstances on the side of buyers may exclude that liability.

ЕКОНОМСКА АНАЛИЗА ОДГОВОРНОСТИ ПРЕДУЗЕЋА И ДРУГИХ ПРАВНИХ ЛИЦА ПРЕМА ТРЕЋЕМ

Author(s): Aleksandar Mojaševic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 56/2010

The subject matter of analysis in this paper are the legal and the economic aspects pertaining to the liability of companies and other legal persons for the damage caused by their employees to third persons. The choice among different forms of liability for damage proves to be very important from the economic point of view, given the fact that it is necessary to provide efficient incentives to the employees in terms of preventing prospective damage as well as to the employers in terms of controlling the employees’ conduct. By applying the economics methodology, the author explores the choice between the employer’s objective liability and the employee’s individual liability, as well as the choice between the employer’s liability for negligence and the employer’s objective liability. The examination is based on the already developed economic model within the Economic Analysis of Law theory. In the first and the second part of the paper, the author provides the findings of relevant economic models related to the choice between different forms of liability for damage in case when the employee has caused some damage to a third person. In the third part of the paper, the author correlates the findings of these economic models with the positive law in this area, primarily focusing on the respective legal solutions contained in the German and the Serbian legislation. The aim is to determine to what extent the existing legal solutions on the employer’s liability for damage caused by the employees to third persons are consistent with the findings of the economic models.

ЕКОНОМСКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ ПОТРЕБА КОЈЕ СЕ ЗАДОВОЉАВАЈУ У ДРУШТВЕНИМ ДЕЛАТНОСТИМА

Author(s): Miodrag Matejic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 23/1983

Les besoins, dont abonde chaque société et dont la nature est matérielle ou non matérielle, manifestent de nombreuses caractéristiques mais ce sont sûrement les caractéristiques économiques qui sont les plus importantes. Dans son article l'auteur fait l'analyse de laspect économique des besoins sociaux, par¬ticulièrement se concertant sur les besoins communs que les travailleurs et les citoyens satisfont dans les activités sociales (éducation, science, culture, culture physique, sécurité sociale et autres).C'est dans ce cadre que problêmes fondamentaux sont compris icaracté- ristiques générales des besoins, leur classification d'après les propriétés spécifi¬ques détermines, limites jusqu'où aboutissent le contentement des besoins et le problème des rapports de revenu qui est déterminé par les possibilités du déve¬loppement des activités sociales.Bien qu'il soit difficile de fixer toutes les caractéristiques économiques et aussi les sortes des besoins qui se satisfont dans les divers domains des activités sociales, dans son article l'auteur a mis en relief une composante commune et la plus importante, c'est la liaison de ces besoins avec les conditions matérielles de la production sociale. À la base de cela on a établi les limites de la satisfacti¬on de ces besoins et la dépendance du volume et du cadre donnés de la reprodu¬ction sociale.Par rapport à ce qu'on vient de dire, dans chaque milieu économique et social, l'ensemble des quantités et des qualités des besoins est premièrement, sous influence des besoins qu'on sépare du produit social et q'uon oriente vers le règlement des frais dans les activités sociales. À l'égard des limites de ces moyens on a souligné la tendance générale que leur croissance doit être au-dessous de la croissance du produit social, ce qu'impose le moment économique actuel dans lequel dominent les pérturbations connues de la structu-re productive, des rapports monétaires et de crédit, l'inflation et l'arrêt de la réelisation du produit social dans le monde entier. L'harmonisation de la sépa¬ration des moyens sociaux pour les activités sociales du revenu national avec l'accroissement de ce revenu est difficile à réaliser dans les conditions actuelles existant dans le processus de la reproduction sociale et c'est dans ce sens qu'on doit entreprendre les diverses et nombreuses mesures de correction.Les investissements dans les activités sociales, comme déterminante de leur développement, montrent, comme c'est accentué dans cet article, que les fluctations déterminées ont leur racine dans les conditions troublées des activi¬tés économiques. Il est semblable dans l'état généal des rapports de revenu, qui eux-mêmes aussi manifestent des déviations essentielles dans le mode de la for¬mation du revenu et dans sa répartition et c'est la conséquence du caractère du travail dans ces activités et de l'évaluation de ce travail pour qui les lois du marché n'ont la validité que dans un volume limité.

ЕКОНОМСКЕ ФУНКЦИЈЕ ДРЖАВЕ - ДОМЕТИ И ОГРАНИЧЕЊА

Author(s): Milorad Božic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 34-35/1995

Les économies contemporaines fonctionnent et se développent comme les économies mixtes. Ceci sousentend la combinaison de la réglementation des relations du marché et la solution des problêmes dans l'économie et la participation des interventions de l'Etat dans celle-ci et qu'il réalise par la création du système économique et par la direction de la politique économique.La question de la relation entre la réglementation par le marché (liberté économique) et l'interventionisme économique (réglementation économique par l'Etat) résume l'object d$s recherches dans cette essai. L'auteur part du fait qu'il s'agit des relations complexes qui dans la pratique se résolvent de la façon différente. Il donne un apperçu historique de la naissance de l'interventionisme étatique, sa nécessité et son contenu. De l'autre côté, il renvoit â la nécessité inévitable du libre marché des rapports économiques. L'épanuissement d'un mécanisme au dépend de l'autre dans ces relations (le marché au dépend de l'interventionisme étatique et vice- versa) porte en soi les initiations qui ont de l'influence a l'eficacite économique, sa stabilité et les résultats du développement. En fin du compt, conclut-il, ces relations se résolvent par une convention, mail celle-ci doit être en fonction de l'économie et de son développement.

ЕКОНОМСКИ ЕФЕКТИ РАЗЛИЧИТИХ ПРАВИЛА О ОДГОВОРНОСТИ ЗА НЕПАЖЊУ

Author(s): Ljubica Nikolic,Aleksandar Mojaševic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 63/2012

This study comparatively analyzes economic effects of different negligence rules, contained in American law on the one hand, and Serbian law on the other. It is important to establish economic implications of the different negligence rules, based on the incentives for tortfeasor’s and victim’s precaution under the different negligence rules. Study of the efficiency of several different forms of negligence rules: simple negligence, negligence with a defense of contributory negligence, comparative negligence and strict liability with a defense of contributory negligence, is based on the economic models, which have been developed by Law and Economics scholars. The expected social costs of accidents represent the basic criterion for evaluation of the efficiency of negligence rules. The first part of the study deals with the economic implications of different negligence rules in respect to the preventive effects and the allocation of the tort liability. In the second part, the economic implications of the simple negligence, the negligence with a defense of contributory negligence and the comparative negligence are presented. The third part encompasses the economic implications of the strict liability with a defense of contributory negligence. The analysis of the negligence rules is followed by the examination of the American case law. Finally, the author states the general conclusion regarding the role of courts in the prevention of expected harm.