We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
`Mihai Viteazul` National Intelligence Academy, via its National Institute for Intelligence Studies, publishes the Romanian Intelligence Studies Review (RISR), a high quality peer reviewed and indexed research journal, edited in English and Romanian twice a year.
More...
In the modern era of technology services, cryptocurrencies have been extensively used for illegal activities such as money laundering, tax evasion and terrorist financing. An essential supposition in trading and owning cryptocurrencies is the principle of anonymity, which may range from complete anonymity to pseudo-anonymity. The anonymity principle, as it will be shown in the paper, enables cryptocurrency potential abuse for criminal purposes, obstructs proper transaction supervision from tax authority and eventually may lead to “clean cash” generated in an illegal way (Houben, Snyers, 2018). This paper gives an overview of the negative aspects of cryptocurrency financial activities and elaborates on the ways of preventing malpractice related to their use, all from European Union point of view. The paper aims to provide possible ways of preventing illegal financial cryptocurrency transactions. In order to do that, it is necessary to analyze the current European legal framework, i.e. the Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive, which represents a central legal instrument in preventing the use of the European Union financial system with the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing. Inter alia, the analysis of the recommendations of the most relevant financial authorities involved in creation of financial politics on the same level will be elaborated on putting a special emphasis on the implications of preventing cryptocurrency financial crimes.
More...
The article outlines the basic structures of the State Security Committee (attached to the Council of Ministers) of the USSR carrying out operational activities in thirteen countries of the Middle East with particular emphasis: Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Iraq and North and South Yemen. Moreover, the specificity of the region was presented, as well as its impact on the profile of events undertaken there, especially in the scope of operations carried out within the organizational units of the 1st Chief Directorate of the KGB responsible for conducting foreign intelligence, as well as their possible impact on the subsequent activities of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation in this area.
More...
Shaping patriotism and national identity is crucial precondition for the survival of the nation. Sport helps to build and reinforce patriotism, binds national identity and strengthens values such as solidarity and tolerance. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the values of patriotism, national identity, tolerance, and sports patriotism, which is an important binder of national identity. The study was carried out using a diagnostic survey method. The analysis of the findings indicates a very strong sense of patriotism, national identity and sports patriotism among the respondents (N = 508). The patriotic scale significantly influenced the results of the scale of national identity and sport patriotism, but did not differentiate the attitude of tolerance. The scale of tolerance significantly correlated with the scale of patriotism, sports patriotism and national identity. As indicated by the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland, preservation and reinforcement of national identity is an important task of the state. These goals can be achieved by cultivating national culture, protecting cultural heritage, activating social capital and strengthening patriotic attitudes.
More...
The article examines current issues in the field of food security (FS), quality assurance and food safety. FS is considered as a prerequisite for ensuring the real independence of the state through the prism of geopolitical stability and sustainable development of States. Specialattention is paid to the production and use of products derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), their impact on humans and the environment, and the political and legal limits of the use of genetic engineering methods. The article deals with FS in the world and Russia, the problem of sustainable domestic food production and, as a result, the food independence (FI) of the state. The author notes the need for a comprehensive approach to the formation of a policy concept for digitalization of agriculture and a mechanism for its implementation. The importance and significance of scientific support and human resources for the effective solution of the tasks set for the process of digitalization of agriculture were noted. Based on modern research, we have studied foreign experience and the feasibility of its application for the development of entrepreneurship in the field of guaranteeing FS.
More...
The article discusses the subject about logistic of technical protection of financial institutions’ property, which primarily involves the use of mechanical protections and physical protection. The main objective of the paper was to characterize the currently functioning methods of technical security in commercial banks and to show the scope of legal obligations regarding the application of individual technical protection methods in these entities. The basis for the protection of property in the bank is technical security, which is a consequence of their function, i.e. preventing unauthorized persons from crossing protected zones, as well as verification of persons moving within the protected facility zones and signalling a security risk situation. In the system of performing security in a banking facility, the supervision of security personnel over technical security is complementary, because the most important functions today are electronic systems that allow identification of a dangerous situation, its signalling and immediate alarm to security personnel to take appropriate defence measures.
More...
A new system of confl ict perspective, defi ned by new communication strategies and exchange of information, new key concepts and new diplomacy methods becomes more structured and visible. Thus, psychological operations (PSYOPS) and cyber-intelligence have become attractive in a society that is dependent and mainly based on technology. It is much more effi cient to destroy security systems that would endanger an entire nation, without always knowing or removing the source /author of the attack, than an armed attack, which would imply many human, logistic and time resources. Protecting cyber-space is essential within a society that is growing on high-tech networks and that is defi ned through a binary system.
More...
Terrorism is harmful to democratic governments and societies. In addition to the visible and the direct effects of attacks on bystanders, aim bombers are undermining democratic values, including the weakening of confidence in state institutions and laws that regulate their functioning. As a result of the use of violence can permanently give birth to create a socio-political divisions, antagonize certain entities and groups, and thus provoke conflicts thus destroying the existing compromises, agreements or arrangements between the parties concerned. In matters of international terrorism it is not only a challenge for the rule of law, but because it also applies to relations between states, poses a serious threat to security and stability
More...
The purpose of this article is a presentation of Turkey’s state policy toward the Kurds, the Republic of Turkey’s largest ethnic minority under AKP rule. The main point of reference is an internal situation in Turkey from the 2000s. The author points out the beginnings of the next stage of Kurdish-Turkish conflict taking into account the results of the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2014 and 2015 and Turkey’s security policy after a failed coup d’état attempt on July 2016. This paper provides a new wave of political repression against Kurds and discusses the Kurdish issue as one of the interests of the main regional powers including Turkey, Iran, Syria and Russian Federation. Finally the article indicates Turkey’s military engagement role in Syrian Civil War and implicates this engagement on the situation of Kurds in Republic of Turkey and in the region. As a result of the analysis, author pointed out possibility to reinforce of Kurdish nationalism and support of the Kurds for PKK. The effect of the new anti-PKK strategy will probably be increased political polarisation. It is also probable that the PKK will intensify its actions. At the same time, the strategy may lead to the consolidation of the AKP’s and Erdoğan’s electorate, resulting in strengthening the government’s position. In the regional dimension, the strategy requires an increase in Turkish actions on Iraqi and Syrian soil. Taking into account the relationship between PKK and PYD, Turkish military intervention in Syria and involvement in Iraq could lead to greater consolidation of Kurds in all three states. As an example for international relations, Turkey’s tense relations with Iran, which is interested in preserving its influence over Iraq, and the central government in Bagdad may be further strained.
More...
The civil war in Liberia began in 1989, when the country was attacked by the rebels of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) led by Charles Taylor. In Sierra Leone the civil war was initiated in 1991 by Revolutionary United Front (RUF) led by Foday Sankoh. The article describes the specifics of the conflicts in Liberia and Sierra Leone. It discusses social and economic context of the wars as well as causes of their longevity. In addition, it presents the international community actions for ending the prolonged civil war in Sierra Leone and the importance of the policy “weapon for diamonds”. The article uses a historical-analytical method of research.
More...
Article characterizes relations between most powerful military pact – Northern Atlantic Pact and neutral state – Sweden. In this article is analyzing cooperation on military ground, non-military ground and it is also analyzing aspects of cooperation involving neutral status of Sweden, Crimea annexation and growing danger from Russia. Studies connected to main theme of article were based on official documents od NATO, press notes or official releases. Main reason of article is to answer on question if neutral state can cooperate with NATO and can we say that between NATO and Sweden exists partnership relation. Except of above issues, in this article I will try to define neutrality, neutral policy and partnership. After made analysis of available documents, emphatically we can agree that partnership between NATO and Sweden exists.
More...
The article is presenting axiological conditions of the activity of paramilitary organizations and military classes in context of recruitment. In context of the article author presents background narration that appear while creating and managing educational and training organizations. Author pointed differences between causes of joining to the military classes and paramilitary organizations. Features and formula of recruitment can be useful for directors of military schools, commanders or paramilitary organizations and people that are connected with security educations as well.
More...
The aim of the study is to present the wealth of public statistics resources, illustrated by the basic statistical data on mass events. The paper analyzes the statistical results obtained from the research „Mass entertainment and sports events in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship compared to other Polish voivodeships and the whole country. The results show that mass events, especially in the form of sporting events, are the strength of the region and can be a showcase for the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region in Poland.
More...