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`Mihai Viteazul` National Intelligence Academy, via its National Institute for Intelligence Studies, publishes the Romanian Intelligence Studies Review (RISR), a high quality peer reviewed and indexed research journal, edited in English and Romanian twice a year.
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Unmanned lighter-than-air (LTA) technology is arguably the mother of unmanned airborne surveillance,having been around in a variety of different forms for over 100 years. Goodyear blimps and Zeppelin airships –in particular the Hindenburg famed for its crash in 1937 – are well known historical systems.Far from remaining in the history books, revivals over the years have occurred, particularly in support of operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. During these campaigns, FOBs have been protected by LTA systems,providing persistent surveillance of on-site and off-site activity, with arguably little cost and logistical burden.According to a Government Accountability Office (GAO) paper, from October 2012, US investment in aerostat and airship development ranged from $339 million in 2007 to $2.2 billion in 2010 and $1.3 billion in 2012.
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In 1918 Poland regained its independence. However, the security of the Second Polish Republic was based on fragile foundations. This resulted from a high threat from the eastern and western neighbours. Germany and Russia did not accept the provisions of the Versailles Treaty, they sought to revise it and war with Poland. Military cooperation of both dangerous neighbours was directed against Poland. Intelligence reconnaissance regarding the development of military potential and the intentions of both opponents was of exceptional importance. Captain, and later major Jerzy Sosnowski in the years 1926-1934 managed the Berlin intelligence unit codenamed „In 3”. He transferred to the headquarters of the Second Department of the SG a lot of valuable information regarding the development of the German armed forces, cooperation of the Reichswehr with the Red Army and preparations for war. The management of Polish intelligence received similar news from other sources. Many of them were received in disbelief and were not used properly.
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The article deals with the geocultural conditions of diplomatic relations between Poland and Israel, with particular emphasis on the events in recent years. The author points out that cultural and historical diplomacy is a fundamental vector of Polish-Israeli diplomatic activities which results from these special conditions. At the same time, this area of diplomacy is extremely unstable, susceptible to various fluctuations, depending on external events and circumstances.
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Since the beginning of the next Tuaregs uprising in 2012, and enormous security afford of international communities, the security situation in Sahel region, dramatically deteriorating. Gradually conflict is developing to the other countries like Burkina Faso and Niger. Additionally. We faced also separately security event in neighbouring countries like Ghana and Benin. Terrorist group despite the theoretical competition, can easily cooperate if necessary. Different hostile terrorist groups perfectly utilise the difficult social situation of different minorities in the Sahel, easily recruiting young people. International environment does not have one proper plan to solve all the factors empowering the conflict. Instead of that western countries focused rather to defend their own territories against terrorists and refugees.
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The article outlines the basic structures of the State Security Committee (attached to the Council of Ministers) of the USSR carrying out operational activities in thirteen countries of the Middle East with particular emphasis: Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Iraq and North and South Yemen. Moreover, the specificity of the region was presented, as well as its impact on the profile of events undertaken there, especially in the scope of operations carried out within the organizational units of the 1st Chief Directorate of the KGB responsible for conducting foreign intelligence, as well as their possible impact on the subsequent activities of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation in this area.
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Shaping patriotism and national identity is crucial precondition for the survival of the nation. Sport helps to build and reinforce patriotism, binds national identity and strengthens values such as solidarity and tolerance. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the values of patriotism, national identity, tolerance, and sports patriotism, which is an important binder of national identity. The study was carried out using a diagnostic survey method. The analysis of the findings indicates a very strong sense of patriotism, national identity and sports patriotism among the respondents (N = 508). The patriotic scale significantly influenced the results of the scale of national identity and sport patriotism, but did not differentiate the attitude of tolerance. The scale of tolerance significantly correlated with the scale of patriotism, sports patriotism and national identity. As indicated by the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland, preservation and reinforcement of national identity is an important task of the state. These goals can be achieved by cultivating national culture, protecting cultural heritage, activating social capital and strengthening patriotic attitudes.
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The article examines current issues in the field of food security (FS), quality assurance and food safety. FS is considered as a prerequisite for ensuring the real independence of the state through the prism of geopolitical stability and sustainable development of States. Specialattention is paid to the production and use of products derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), their impact on humans and the environment, and the political and legal limits of the use of genetic engineering methods. The article deals with FS in the world and Russia, the problem of sustainable domestic food production and, as a result, the food independence (FI) of the state. The author notes the need for a comprehensive approach to the formation of a policy concept for digitalization of agriculture and a mechanism for its implementation. The importance and significance of scientific support and human resources for the effective solution of the tasks set for the process of digitalization of agriculture were noted. Based on modern research, we have studied foreign experience and the feasibility of its application for the development of entrepreneurship in the field of guaranteeing FS.
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The article provides a comparative legal analysis of criminal law norms of Russia and Poland that provide transport security. In the course of the study, the author came to the conclusion that such norms are located both in the special and in the General part of the criminal codes of the countries under consideration. The author notes significant differences in the legislation of these countries on this issue. The article draws attention to the positive experience that can be used to improve national legislation.
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The article discusses the subject about logistic of technical protection of financial institutions’ property, which primarily involves the use of mechanical protections and physical protection. The main objective of the paper was to characterize the currently functioning methods of technical security in commercial banks and to show the scope of legal obligations regarding the application of individual technical protection methods in these entities. The basis for the protection of property in the bank is technical security, which is a consequence of their function, i.e. preventing unauthorized persons from crossing protected zones, as well as verification of persons moving within the protected facility zones and signalling a security risk situation. In the system of performing security in a banking facility, the supervision of security personnel over technical security is complementary, because the most important functions today are electronic systems that allow identification of a dangerous situation, its signalling and immediate alarm to security personnel to take appropriate defence measures.
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The purpose of this article is a presentation of Turkey’s state policy toward the Kurds, the Republic of Turkey’s largest ethnic minority under AKP rule. The main point of reference is an internal situation in Turkey from the 2000s. The author points out the beginnings of the next stage of Kurdish-Turkish conflict taking into account the results of the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2014 and 2015 and Turkey’s security policy after a failed coup d’état attempt on July 2016. This paper provides a new wave of political repression against Kurds and discusses the Kurdish issue as one of the interests of the main regional powers including Turkey, Iran, Syria and Russian Federation. Finally the article indicates Turkey’s military engagement role in Syrian Civil War and implicates this engagement on the situation of Kurds in Republic of Turkey and in the region. As a result of the analysis, author pointed out possibility to reinforce of Kurdish nationalism and support of the Kurds for PKK. The effect of the new anti-PKK strategy will probably be increased political polarisation. It is also probable that the PKK will intensify its actions. At the same time, the strategy may lead to the consolidation of the AKP’s and Erdoğan’s electorate, resulting in strengthening the government’s position. In the regional dimension, the strategy requires an increase in Turkish actions on Iraqi and Syrian soil. Taking into account the relationship between PKK and PYD, Turkish military intervention in Syria and involvement in Iraq could lead to greater consolidation of Kurds in all three states. As an example for international relations, Turkey’s tense relations with Iran, which is interested in preserving its influence over Iraq, and the central government in Bagdad may be further strained.
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The civil war in Liberia began in 1989, when the country was attacked by the rebels of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) led by Charles Taylor. In Sierra Leone the civil war was initiated in 1991 by Revolutionary United Front (RUF) led by Foday Sankoh. The article describes the specifics of the conflicts in Liberia and Sierra Leone. It discusses social and economic context of the wars as well as causes of their longevity. In addition, it presents the international community actions for ending the prolonged civil war in Sierra Leone and the importance of the policy “weapon for diamonds”. The article uses a historical-analytical method of research.
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Article characterizes relations between most powerful military pact – Northern Atlantic Pact and neutral state – Sweden. In this article is analyzing cooperation on military ground, non-military ground and it is also analyzing aspects of cooperation involving neutral status of Sweden, Crimea annexation and growing danger from Russia. Studies connected to main theme of article were based on official documents od NATO, press notes or official releases. Main reason of article is to answer on question if neutral state can cooperate with NATO and can we say that between NATO and Sweden exists partnership relation. Except of above issues, in this article I will try to define neutrality, neutral policy and partnership. After made analysis of available documents, emphatically we can agree that partnership between NATO and Sweden exists.
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