Кръгла маса на тема „Може ли егоизмът да бъде добродетел?“
Round Table Discussion : „Can Egoism be a Virtue" - see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1yZLrWh2UA
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Round Table Discussion : „Can Egoism be a Virtue" - see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1yZLrWh2UA
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Juvenescence constitutes period between infantile sexuality and sexuality of young man. Adolescence is time of discovering sexual identity, initiating new sexual behaviors and involving into intimate relationships. During this period, the forms of sexual activity are developing from less to more and more mature – from masturbation, through petting to sexual initiation. Decision of a first sexual intercourse is an important act for every person. Nevertheless, sexual initiation which is precocious, in a stage of unformed identity, can disturb psychosexual functioning of an individual causing unplanned pregnancies, leading to sexually transmissible diseases and initiating risky sexual behaviors. The causes of starting precocious sexual activity are associated with improper models of upbringing (strictness or lack of interference) as well as with distancing of youth from pedagogical or educational influences of school or church. These traditional socializing agendas are replaced with media influences and behavior patterns providing by peers. It seems that only complex acts from pedagogical and socializing backgrounds can contribute starting responsible behaviors of youth in sexual field.
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An important and complex problem of labor economics in general and of human resource management in particular, is to effectively motivate employees. At the current juncture, under the spectrum of economic crisis, the controversies of theoretical and practical interest such as the importance of the money, the relationship between motivation, satisfaction and performance at work, are more pronounced and more focused on non-financial forms of motivation. At least in part, this is because the usual ways of saving costs in today's organizations seem to aim primarily the expenses on staff (wages, rewards, training funds and so on). In this context, the paper aims to highlight the perceptions of employees on the program "Employee of the Month", as it was implemented in a Romanian organization (in a hybrid approach, combining monetary rewards and recognition awards specific to most common forms of program). Thus, the main results of our study reflect the opinions of people involved in this program, and allow us to sketch some possible changes based on the feedback from employees, in order to further improve the effectiveness of the program.
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Purpose of the Article is an analysis of existing works on the individual performing style of conductor-choirmaster in the modern scientific work, as well as the generalisation of the criteria of the study of the personal performing style of conductor-choirmaster. Methodology. The work used an interdisciplinary approach, through which the analysis of the claimed problem is carried out with the involvement of scientific developments in the field of art history, theory, the practice of performing arts and psychology. Also used general scientific methods: inductive, deductive, hermeneutic. The approach of analysis and systematisation, - to generalise information about the phenomenon of "individual performing style." Scientific novelty of research consists in the systematisation of works devoted to the study of the problem of the individual performing style of the conductor-choirmaster; For the first time in the domestic humanities, attention is focused on the aesthetic components of the personal performing style of the conductor-choirmaster. Conclusions. The individual performing style of the conductor-choirmaster includes a set of "actions", which forms potential opportunities for revealing the internal energy of the conductor-choirmaster, achieving the goal, implementing artistic ideas. In setting the criteria for the individual style of the conductor, the specificity of the own interpretation of the work plays a significant role. The basis of the individual conductor style is the specificity of artistic thinking. It is associated with aesthetic and psychological components, which, in turn, affect the image-emotional and technical-manual interpretation of choral works. All this as a whole is a factor and an indicator of mastery of the conductor-choirmaster.
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The purpose of the research presented in this article is to study the role of selfconfidence in shaping psychological well-being by first year students who are in the process ofadapting to the new conditions. The study was carried on in two universities of Chisinau. A sampleof 100 students, 50 from a state university, 50 – from a private one, participated in the survey. Thehypothesis assumes that self-esteem is a condition for psychological well-being insofar as it iscorrelated with common sense and does not turn into arrogance and/or aggression. Results showingpositive correlation of self-confidence with the sense of environmental monitoring and negativecorrelation with the assessment of the quality of interpersonal relationships and of having purposeand meaning of life have been obtained. At the same time, confident behavior correlates positivelywith the assessment of the quality of interpersonal relationships
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Trudnoća i poslijeporođajni period podrazumijevaju suočavanje s brojnim tjelesnim, emocionalnim i socijalnim izazovima te zahtijevaju spremnost na reorganizaciju dotadašnjih prioriteta i prilagođavanje promijenjenim životnim okolnostima. Kada je ovakav pritisak za majku značajno veći od njenih resursa da ga podnese, navedeni period se doživljava izrazito stresnim te može biti jedan od okidača za narušavanje njenog mentalnog zdravlja. Žene kod kojih se identificiraju određeni faktori rizika za razvoj poslijeporođajnih poremećaja je neophodno kontinuirano pratiti I pravovremeno im omogućiti adekvatnu psihološku podršku. Pored psihološke podrške kao jednog od značajnih protektivnih faktora za očuvanje njihovog mentalnog zdravlja bitna je i religioznost. U tom kontekstu, iz perspektive islama prikazani su brojni hadisi (izreke Muhammeda, a.s.) koji svjedoče u prilog njegujućeg i podržavajućeg odnosa prema ženi/majci i njegovog značaja za cjelokupnu porodicu i općenito društvenu zajednicu.
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Kriza izazvana koronavirusom ima različite aspekte od epidemiološko-medicinskog i sigurnosnog do ekonomskog i duhovnog. S obzirom na činjenicu da je Islamski pedagoški fakultet u Bihaću intelektualna i duhovna vertikala i kičma Islamske zajednice na ovom području, tu imamo i jedinstven odsjek, a radi se o Odsjeku socijalne pedagogije i duhovne skrbi, kao i jedinstvenom predmetu – Duhovna terapija. Zbog svega toga nas interesuje duhovni aspekt ove krize.
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Parenting styles refer to specific ways of parents’ behavior towards children including at least two dimensions, namely affectionateness in the relationship and control, which as such determine many characteristics of children’s personality encountered later on. What has remained undefined up to now is whether perfectionism is determined by inborn or environmental factors. The aim of this paper is to ascertain whether perfectionism is determined by various parenting styles and to what extent. The sample was composed of 110 participants, final grade elementary school students. We used the following instruments: the SD survey, the Burn’s Scale of Perfectionism and the Parenting Style Inventory II (PSI- II). The obtained results indicate that parenting styles present significant determinants of perfectionism, while socio-demographic variables are not significant predictors. Furthermore, the findings suggest that demandingness as an aspect of parenting style is a significant determinant of perfectionism ((F3/106=3.00, p<0.05; β=0.244, p<0.05), whereas responsiveness and autonomy approval are not statistically significant predictors. Moreover, the results showed that there are no significant differences between boys and girls in terms of perfectionism, but that there are gender-based differences in the aspect of parenting style of responsiveness, with girls perceiving their parents (M = 20.07) as more responsive than the boys (M = 18.57) (t=-2,82, p<0.05).
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Reason for writing and research problem(s): ): In order to make a difference between terrorists and non-terrorists, it is necessary to explore a set of psychological, socio-economic, physical and/or racial characteristics that differ from each other. Namely, the question arises, how does a terrorist look, what is his personality, and under what circumstances does he live and work? Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The aim of this paper is to try and answer the question of whether there is a unique psychological profile of terrorists and point out the individual, group and social characteristics that could influence the formation of a personality of the terrorist. Methodology/Design: This paper analyzes socio-demographic characteristics of terrorists in accordance with the same or similar research in this field. Research/Paper limitation: Many methodological difficulties and inconsistencies in the research have led to controversies when it comes to profiling terrorists, that said, all information from existing terrorist profiles should be used and interpreted with great caution. Results/General Conclusion: There is so much to be understood about the thinking and behavior of terrorists and terrorist organizations, partly because terrorists are very difficult to interview, and the confusion about the very definition of terrorism and terrorist terms. Conclusion: Conclusions of the conducted considerations on the psychological profile of terrorists are mostly contradictory. According to most authors, terrorists do not differ from netheroris to personality or mental health. Research/Paper Validity: The justification of the work lies in the fact that it is very important to consider whether there is a unique profile of terrorists in order to adapt certain preventive measures.
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This article aims to examine the impact of the epidemic on the mental health of the citizens of Bulgaria in terms of communicational aspects in crisis management, crisis response and the possible long-term psychological consequences. The authors formulate three hypotheses, namely whether the epidemic has increased the levels of anxiety amongst the population, whether there are increased levels of aggression and selfaggression and how the informational environment has affected these processes. Several prerequisites explaining the reaction that the pandemic caused are outlined. An attempt has been made to measure elevated levels of general anxiety, which includes both normal psychological reactions to troubling events and pathological, currently hidden forms of anxiety. In the created proxy model, the increased general anxiety was compared with an analysis of the informational and media environment covering the topic of COVID-19. Correlations were sought in order to interpret the collected data on the subject.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate motor and functional abilities, and their changes upon the influence of training, of boys with mental retardation who participated in winter World Special Olympic Games 2001. The results were compared with their coevals with mental retardation who were not engaged in sport activities and with the skiers without disabilities. Eighteen boys, at the age of 14 to 17, classified as moderately mentally retarded were tested before and after a 9-week exercise program. Supervised optional training sessions on snow were held 6 days per week for four hours a day. Before and after the training program next tests were measured: standing long jump, vertical jump,20 m sprint, sit and reach test, side steps, polygon backward, and Astrand test for prediction of aerobic capacity. The obtained results were submitted to the standard statistical methods to determine descriptive parameters and MANOVA was used to analyze the differences. The skiers with mental retardation were better than their coevals who were not included in any sport program. Compared with the skiers without mental retardation they had significantly lower results in all items, pre- as well as post 9 weeks under the training program. Analysis of variance showed that the training produced significant increases in oxygen uptake, explosive strength, flexibility, agility and anaeroic endurance.
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Three related studies are presented with the aim of investigating the individual differences in humour appreciation, sensation seeking and need for closure. In order to accomplish this, the construction and initial validation of a new instrument will be presented. The Humour Structure Appreciation Scale (HSAS) distinguishes between incongruity-resolution (INCRES), and nonsense (NON) humour. The first study analyses the content validity of a broad item pool. The second study focused on the metric properties of the selected items. In the third study, the remaining jokes were given to a quota sample from Macedonia, along with measures of sensation seeking (Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking) and need for closure (Need for Closure Scale). Psychometric properties of the scales were investigated and showed to be satisfactory. Intercorrelations among the scales provide evidence for the construct validity of the HSAS.
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This study aimed at exploring the hikikomori experience of Italian young adults to detect some psychosocial patterns of hikikomori. A phenomenological analysis was conducted on the narratives of 17 individuals with hikikomori (9 men, 18-39 aged), who posted their stories of social isolation via an online forum. The analysis detected ten themes synthesizing the psychological structure of the participants’ lived experience, which were grouped into three overarching areas respectively dealing with passive identity, early traumatic experiences, and refusal of social participation. Overall, the findings support the psychosocial developmental theory of hikikomori about the reactivation of past insecure attachments and the anxiety associated with novelty and challenge. Limitations, suggestions for future research and clinical implications for individuals with hikikomori and their families are briefly discussed.
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The healing power and effect of music are well-known by many cultures throughout history. Thanks to the recent technological developments, it has been proved that beyond its soothing and calming properties, music is a powerful cognitive stimulant. It can reach an individual’s inner world deeper where the oral communication falls short, and it is a motivation source for motoric movements. Because of these researches and their outcomes, the music therapy field occurred in psychology. Germany initiated research on music therapy with psychiatric patients in a clinical environment after WWII. The field of music therapy has been gaining popularity among researchers from different disciplines, and new interdisciplinary studies have been emerging. In the field of music therapy in Germany, the types of publication, subject fields, distribution of scientific studies, publication fields, years and what they are were determined as the problem of the research in the field of music therapy in 2010-2019. The aim is to investigate and study of these publications that are published in Germany. The surveying method is used to denounce the problem of this study.
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The concept of the MEANING OF LIFE operates in language as a polysemantic structure which must be seen against the background of philosophical, anthropological, theological, psychological, pedagogical, sociological and cultural concepts. The question about the MEANING OF LIFE, which includes the search for the essence and purpose of human existence, the human vocation, the reasons for making an effort to live and for why it is worth living, constitutes one of the crucial questions of various philosophical and religious systems, and attempts to answer it bear evidence to the wealth of the humanistic knowledge and reflection on human life. The concept of the MEANING OF LIFE is extremely vague in its nature, and it may also be included among the religious concepts that concern the reality which cannot be captured empirically. The author analyzes lexicographical sources, literature on the subject, resources of the National Corpus of Polish and the results of a survey carried out among Polish language speakers. The description of the concept of the MEANING OF LIFE, made by analyzing representative words and linguistic constructions that fall within it, as well as numerous psychological concepts, leads to indicating basic conceptual categories contributing to the concept today and to showing how the concept of the MEANING OF LIFE is currently expressed in Polish and in the humanities.
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Gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) was studied in a sample of N = 1,322 Danish adolescents aged 11 to 16. When using a measure of coping humour in three different respects (using humour (1) to overcome uncertainty and stress, (2) in relation to aggression and sexuality, and (3) to get cheered up), it was indicated that the fear of being laughed at existed independently from the use of humour as a coping strategy. It is suggested that interventions targeting the positive use of laughter and humour may have a potential for increasing the well-being of adolescents with high levels of the fear of being laughed at. In single item ratings higher levels of gelotophobia were associated with greater self-ascribed loneliness, lower perceived attractiveness, lower self-acceptance, and rather negative life expectancies. Findings are discussed in the light of current literature and with respect to potential implications for the school life of adolescents.
More...Adult playfulness, subjective well-being, physical well-being, and the pursuit of enjoyable activities
It was hypothesized that playfulness in adults relates positively to different indicators of subjective but also physical well-being. A sample of 255 adults completed subjective measures of playfulness along with self-ratings for different facets of well-being and the endorsement to enjoyable activities. Adult playfulness demonstrated robust positive relations with life satisfaction and an inclination to enjoyable activities and an active way of life. There were also minor positive relations with physical fitness. Leading an active way of life partially mediated the relation between playfulness and life satisfaction. The study provides further evidence on the contribution of adult playfulness to different aspects of well-being.
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The identity of subjects participating in social processes or the daily functioning of social structures is a result of many factors – such as their representativeness and social typicality, the social programming of their personalities and activities, but also their personal experiences and individual characteristics. Formal expressions and testimonies of identity associated with the sense of belonging to a group, ideological belonging, are unreliable. An objectified and effective test of the real identity of an individual as a member of society, citizen, employee, follower of certain views, is the model of authenticity in participation. The components of this model include the criteria of authenticity of existence, authenticity of bonds and social structures, authenticity of the status of participants, authenticity of their needs, authenticity of attitudes, actions and works. Authenticity in this meaning is not the same as simply being authentic, or factual, genuine, original or consistent in reference to the original, or as a testimony’s conformity with the facts. It is a combination of such traits as autonomy, autotelic quality, consistency, functionality of the relationship between the whole and its elements, while, in relation to human consciousness and activity – sincerity, spontaneity, adequacy in relation to one’s own needs and nature.
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Threats and challenges of the modern world put forward ever increasing demands as to a military professional’s individuality, his/her occupational, moral and psychological qualities. In this context the problem of a military professional’s social responsibility is of particular importance. In order to resolve it the essence of social responsibility is to be determined. The issue of servicepersons’ social responsibility has been highlighted in a number of works by both Ukrainian and foreign researchers. In particular, O. Petrov, S. Karpukhin, Yu. Chernavin, Ye. Kireev, O. Glasunov and some others initiated its scientific foregrounding, singled out some important aspects and ways of their further investigation. At the same time, the question of the essence of the social responsibility of a military professional’s individuality still remains unresolved. The initial point for the analysis of the essence of the social responsibility of a military professional’s individuality lies in understanding it as a specific manifestation of the social responsibility of social subjects which reflects its ontological traits and particularities. However, it’s necessary to state that among the scientists there is no mutual understanding as to the essence of the social responsibility of social subjects. The main difficulty here lies in understanding the essence and the meaning of the notions of «responsibility», «social responsibility» and «social subject’s social responsibility». According to this, the analysis of servicepersons’ social responsibility first of all requires the clarification of these notions by determining their categorical status. From the standpoint of hermeneutics methodology the introduction of the notion of social responsibility came as a logical consequence of scientific investigation of the problem of responsibility in general. Thus, it was initiated by the fact that responsibility cannot be reduced to social sanctions and mutual demands alone. Social responsibility is the way of social existence, and of relations among social subjects (people, social and sociopolitical institutions). In this respect it does not equal responsibility as a sum of certain sanctions but has its own meaning. The meaning of social responsibility reflects two aspects of cooperation among social subjects: the character of social subject’s fulfillment of its destination and duties; social sanctions applied against social subject by society for social consequences of its activity or inactivity.
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Kazuo Ishiguro acknowledges the fallibility of the human condition, and herein lies the therapeutic coreof his novels. The current study proposes a theoretical approach to Ishiguro’s second novel (1989) from an interdisciplinary perspective on the main character’s narrative. In the first part, Henry James' interpretation of literature applies to Masuji Ono’s totalitarian views to link fiction to real life. The second part discusses the relativity of choices and decisions based on transgenerational ethics as presented in Strauss and Howe’s Fourth Turning Theory. The third part focuses on Ono’s narrative unreliability as a form of confabulation. Since Ono’sre collections often clash with what his family can remember about certain events, the painter may be suffering from the false memory effect as a form of healing old trauma. The last subchapter explains the concept of ‘mono no aware’ from a scientific perspective. The Japanese understanding of the ‘pathos of things’ is reflected in the second law of thermodynamics, which stipulates that universal disorder will always increase. While young Ono refuses to accept the floating world, old Ono seeks to make peace with the transitory nature of existence, which is equivalent to accepting the entropy of the Universe.
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