We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
To study psychological trauma is to face human injury both in the natural world and the evil capacity of human nature. The meaning of studying psychological trauma is to witness dreadful events. When events are natural disasters or "God's work", witnesses are ready to sympathize. But when the traumatic events are human, they are caught in a conflict between the victim and the perpetrator. It is not morally possible to remain neutral in this conflict. The audience is forced to take sides. In the situation between the victim and the perpetrator, the audience remains, but they are not aware of the fact. The perpetrator wants the audience to remain silent. The victim waits for the burial and the burden to be shared. The reactions that occur after trauma depend on many factors. Potentially traumatic events vary in terms of type and frequency, and their psychological effects are determined by the curricular and social variables. The reactions that occur after trauma depend on many factors. Potentially traumatic events vary in terms of type and frequency, and their psychological effects are determined by the curricular and social variables. Sometimes trauma causes itself, sometimes triggers. Therefore, it is not surprising that exposure to trauma is associated with a range of different symptoms and disorders. Psychological problems after trauma can be examined in two groups. First group; Acute Stress Response, Acute Stress Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and the second group is when the psychological trauma is necessary but not sufficient to cause the disorder. Psychological trauma is not necessary but is the trigger of trauma: Dissociative Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders (Depression, etc.), Somatization Disorders, Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders, Sleep Disorders, Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders, Personality Disorders, Sexual Disorders, Eating disorders. In the context of DSM 5, re-diagnosis and treatment of these conditions have been investigated.
More...
At the time when the child is at the threshold of pre-school and school, the formal education begins to dominate. Learning becomes limited with curricular frames and sanctioned as an obligation. In these conditions, however, it does not provide satisfaction and involves cognitive effort. In formal education strategic importance is assigned to techniques that motivate the pupils to undertake the effort of learning. Thus, this paper discusses the issue of motivation and its role in the process of teaching. The main attention is focused on condensed inner motivation that lead to achieve the flow state. This reflexive and analytical article attempts to answer the questions: ‘What are the possibilities and conditions to achieve flow state by a pupil in the process of education?’ and ‘Does this autotelic experience have a didactic value?’
More...
The article presents the concept of assessment of the cognitive process based on planned QEEG encephalography. One of the stages of the planned research is to determine the research problem and any variables. The main research problem is, therefore, the attempt to answer the question whether and to what extent the use of modern simulation programs used in vocational education affect the effectiveness of teaching? The effectiveness of teaching is a derivative of the activity of the cognitive process during learning. In order to answer this problem, it is planned to analyze brain activity by recording and observing the course of various waves and the magnitudes of potentials generated by the nervous system.
More...
The main aim of this research is a diagnosis of attitudes towards economic system and social issues, and a diagnosis of systems of values. The sample consists of 368 students. It has been assumed that attitudes depend on acceptance of the ‘achievement’ value. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of Schwartz and his Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-R3) has been used. Attitudes are diagnosed on the basis of the set of views, reflecting liberal or nonliberal notion (Reykowski, Morawski). The obtained results give grounds to confirm the hypothesis. Acceptance of liberal solutions in the economy is linked with stronger preferences for the achievement value. The differences in acceptance of this value is statistically significant in six out of seven analysed attitudes.
More...
The main aim of the research is a diagnosis of attitudes towards business people and to their role in economic transformation in Poland according to respondents’ value system. Surveys were conducted in 2003 (a sample of 325 students), in 2008 (a sample of 379 students), and 2013 (a sample of 368 students). It has been assumed that the percentage of respondents with positive attitude has increased and that attitudes depend on value system. The theoretical ground is based upon Rokeach’s concept, and The Value Survey of this author is used. The diagnosis is based on statements reflecting positive and negative evaluation of business people (Reykowski). The obtained results give grounds to confirm the hypothesis. In consecutive surveys positive evaluation of business people was formulated by 19,69%, 36,94% and 44,57% of respondents and the negative evaluation was formulated by 80,31%, 63,06% and 55,43% of respondents respectively. Moreover, the attitudes were connected with a particular pattern of a value system that indicates differentiation of individualism – collectivism dimension.
More...
This article shows how the mobile phone or more precisely the smartphone has allowed, for the first time in the history of cinema, the introduction of cinematographic language as an ordinary language (= as an operator in the ordinary communication space), highlighting its main functions in this space, analyzing its form and questioning the consequences of this change of status.
More...
Već stogodinama, mnogi psiholozi, pedagozi i filozofi istražuju mišljenje, učenje i jezik. Njihove teorije se danas koriste kao polazište za stvaranje novih, odnosno njihove zamisli su tijekom vremena prilagođene i uklopljene u suvremena shvaćanja, koja iz temelja mijenjaju dosadašnje spoznaje. Na razmišljanja o dječjem mišljenju i učenju najviše su utjecale zamisli Jeana Piageta. On u svojoj teoriji postavlja djelovanje i samostalno rješavanje problema u središte učenja i razvoja te naglašava važnost biologije i prirodnih znanosti. Za razliku od njega, Bruner daje veću važnost ulozi jezika, komunikacije i poučavanja u razvoju spoznaje. Po pitanju uloge jezika u razvoju spoznaje, Vigotski se slaže s Brunerom, ali smatra da je isto tako važno i razumijevanje te prijenos kulture. […]
More...
In this paper we refer to the definition by which motor skills are those human skills that are involved in resolving motor tasks, and that determine successful movement. The primary aims of the paper were to ascertain whether the level of physical deformity affects the results the participants show on the tests of basic motor skills, as well as whether the level of deformity differs between male and female population. The research sample included 299 students of the University of Sarajevo. The findings indicated that the level of deformity does not significantly affect the results obtained on the tests of basic motor skills, and that there is no difference in the level of deformity between the male and female participants.
More...
Futurology (also futures studies) is a field of knowledge which has emerged as a result of the interdisciplinary problematisation of specific cognitive issues. The main objective of futurology is the creation of hypothetical scenarios for an alternative future in every aspect of human life, from changes relating to the life of an individual human being to changes within complex social structures, and, ultimately, in e.g. nations. The assumptions of cognitive futurology generally boil down to the maxim „probability and predictability in every aspect of human life”. In other words, the subject of futurological considerations encompasses all products of human activity, both material and abstract. However, here futurology is divided thematically and distinguished in accord with a given specific specialized task, e.g. within the framework of social anthropology (or, broadly understood, cultural studies) as well as of philosophy. Thus, one can point to popular futurology, or the popularization of specific fields of knowledge through science-fiction literature, e.g. The Road (2006) by Cormac McCarthy. In addition to popular futurology, there is also analytical futurology, whose task is to create and analyse alternative futures. The proposed presentation will be devoted to this latter issue as well.
More...
In this paper I would like to deal with the question how environmentally engaged art can infirm Carlson ́s dualism between art and nature in his cognitive environmental aesthetics. I understand environmentally engaged art as a part of new tendencies in the second half of the 20th Century, when we can observe shift towards more conceptual and engaged art forms that leave the insides of galleries. This type of art projects are in opposition to Carlson ́s art-nature dichotomy. Equally, I would like to show that science is in Carlson ́s theory limiting and can blocade aesthetic experience in many cases. Eventhough it may appear that science can diminish aesthetic experience, environmentally engaged artists, who often use scientific knowledge in their projects, show, that science can be also beneficial in creating aesthetic ́s intention.
More...
This paper aims a new trend in Leadership applicable to both public and private sector, and the relationship between organizational stress, types of intelligence and types of leaders. Based on the types of intelligence, the paper shows the types of leaders and their profile. Of the three known types of intelligence: logical – rational intelligence, emotional intelligence and spiritual or quantum intelligence, this work mainly aims to develop general skills specific to Spiritual intelligence, because it harmonizes and integrates the characteristics of the other two types of intelligence. It have been proposed to analyse the types of leaders and the related general competences according to the criterion of "intelligence". Therefore, the authoritarian leader's intelligence corresponds collocation - to do, for the intellectual leader it corresponds the intelligence of thinking, for the charismatic leader it corresponds the intelligence of feeling, while for the spiritual leader's intelligence the main characteristic is to give. Human resource in public administration as in private sector too, is facing more and more with organizational and occupational stress. Thus, new management is needed in order to apply the principles of the transdisciplinarity – which uses levels of reality, and the holistic education in order to prepare future quantum leaders. In addition to other types of leaders, a spiritual leader’s features includes new abilities: they know how to integrate the various aspects of the surrounding reality, to harmonize the extra-psychic with the intra-psychic plans and ensure self-coherence through a new way of thinking. By intelligence characteristics provided, the spiritual leader in public administration is the leader at the service of others, having a component of compassion.
More...
The paper tests the correlation between sensorial marketing and consumer behavior. Most of our buying decisions, in practice, are based on emotions, rather than rationality. Using an experimental design, we have tested the influence of human senses, under various stimuli, on purchasing behavior of selected customers. We have also tested the features of chocolate related to the idea of tenderness, in the consumers’ minds. The findings revealed that customers are less influenced by visual stimuli, reacting more to texture and packaging.
More...
The basic research problem considered in this article is the way in which the mental processes of the novel’s main character take part in recollecting lost information. These processes directly refer to the visual properties of the observed objects. The main character of the novel suffers from amnesia, he does not remember who he is, so he decides to search for his identity. The writer adopts the concept of space as a physical corpus, not only seen, but also touched, smelled and heard, with which the body of the main character enters into direct relations. I analyse the fate of the main character from the perspective of Rick Grush’s emulation theory. According to this theory, the brain constructs neuronal circuits, which act as models for various sensorimotor processes. These determine the behavior of the main character, who aims to regain his lost memory. The “here and now’ is surrounded by the past to the degree needed for the main character to regain his lost memory. Expanded consciousness can include the whole life of a human being.
More...
The purpose of this paper is to present the emergence of a new knowledge dyad composed of cognitive and emotional knowledge. The old dyad made of explicit and tacit knowledge may become a particular case of the new one. The explicit-tacit knowledge dyad has been conceived in the Western thinking perspective of the dualism of mind and body, so well illustrated by the famous Cartesian expression: Cogito, ergo sum! The new dyad is conceived in the Eastern thinking perspective of oneness of body and mind. That means to recognize emotions as knowledge, and to give equal chances for them to parallel the cognitive knowledge. The paper advance also the new idea of the possible transformation of cognitive knowledge into emotional knowledge, and of emotional knowledge into cognitive knowledge, respectively. This knowledge dynamics constitute in our view one of the most important challenges for the knowledge management research.
More...
The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of emotional knowledge and intelligence dynamics in the organizational intellectual capital. Western culture put the emphasis on the rational, cognitive knowledge and intelligence, ignoring almost completely the emotional knowledge and intelligence from the decision making process in science and in management. Descartes stressed the fact that mind is more important than the body, and he promoted the dualism of mind and body. By contrast, the Eastern culture put the emphasis on the oneness of body and mind, and thus the emotional knowledge and intelligence became at least as important as the cognitive one. Emotional knowledge can be transformed into cognitive knowledge based on relation we do not know at this moment. However, emotional knowledge is not the same with emotional intelligence. While emotional knowledge reflects a field of existing emotions and feelings, emotional intelligence reflects the capacity of processing both emotional and cognitive knowledge.
More...
The people that suffered domestic violence should learn to teach themselves, to acquire social experiences and knowledge on their own, to learn how to develop their relationships with other people on the basis of confidence and partnership and be gender sensitive, to learn to collaborate, to make a team successfully, and to learn how to exchange generously their experiences with others. Our training project is built on the non-violence ethics and philosophy. It has a strong ground based on acquiring knowledge through one`s own experience. During each meeting the participants get the power, that is the right to be a competent part in a training dialogue. The participants become active players of the teaching process.
More...
There is an intriguing disconnect and disengagement between two prominent nativist doctrines of mind. According to one, thinking and other cognitive mental states take place and are couched in an innately endowed language-like symbolic system realized in the brain. The idea is known as the language of thought hypothesis. According to the other doctrine labelled as mental logic hypothesis, there are hardwired reasoning skills and procedures that are cardinally concerned with the information integration processes of a logical sort that all humans share. Yet there remains to be a meaningfully direct and collaborative interaction between these two nativist hypotheses. Thus, the objective of this paper is to see whether a mutually supportive intercourse can be established between them, especially in view of the continuing criticisms that have been levelled against the language of thought hypothesis.
More...
Stress management is the individual's ability to handle any situation, external conditions, to match the demands of the external environment. The researchers revealed several stages in the stress response. A first phase was called ‘‘alert reaction'' or ‘‘immediate reaction to stress‘‘, phase in which there are physiological modifications and manifestations that occur under psychological aspect. Adaptation phase is the phase in which the reactions from the first phase diminishes or disappears. Exhaustion phase is related to the diversity of stress factors and time and may exceed the resources of the human body to adapt. Influencing factors may be: limited, cognitive, perceptual, and a priori. But there is a threshold of significance in stress management. Once the reaction to external stimuli occurs, awareness is needed. The capability effect occurs, any side effect goes away and comes out the ''I AM'' effect.
More...
The empirical evidence in the developed equity markets such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and emerging markets had pronounced that there are institutional and individual investors’ cognitive psychology and mental biases in favor of the Growth Stocks, that is, the Growth Stocks are always preferred to the Value Stocks by the investors. The investors most times prefer the Growth Stocks to the Value Stocks irrespective of the stock fundamentals behavior in the equity market. The paper investigated whether Cognitive Psychology and Mental biases affect Portfolio Selection strategies using the Growth or the Value Stocks investment styles in the Nigerian Stock Market. In the study, the summary of the primary data was described and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) models were adopted to make inferential decisions. The paper collected primary data through questionnaire administered to individual and institutional investors on the floor of Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE). The findings from the analyses conducted confirmed a strong existence of Cognitive Psychology and mental biases in favor of the Growth Stocks in the Nigerian Equity Market. Investors had more belief in Growth Stocks than the Value Stocks notwithstanding the behavior of the market fundamentals. The study recommended that investors should seriously consider occurrences and performance fundamentals in Portfolio Selection in the Nigerian Equity Market.
More...