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Focusing on a subject largely neglected in mainstream Czech social stratification research so far, this study seeks to examine to what extent tertiary educational attainment and educational mobility are affected by personal factors, such as personality traits, physical attractiveness, and self-esteem. It is based on data drawn from a large-scale representative survey carried out in the Czech Republic (Neglected Human Capital Dimensions 2015) as the second follow-up to the OECD PIAAC project. The results show that physical attractiveness plays a significant role in tertiary educational attainment, especially in the humanities and social-science disciplines. As for personality traits, Openness to Experience and Extraversion are more beneficial for humanities degrees, whereas Neuroticism significantly decreases a person’s chances of obtaining a degree in science. Conscientiousness and Self-esteem have a positive impact on upward educational mobility. The study also finds that there are some gender differences in the strength of the effect of personality factors, and that this is especially true for the trait of Agreeableness.
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The purpose of this research is to certify influence of dance on creativity of two chosen groups of adolescents – dancers and nondancers. For this study we compiled a selection of adolescent dancers from a folklore ensemble and adolescent nondancers. They were tested with Brace test and Creativity movement test. By means of personality enquiry we received personal data from the tested groups. Using statistical methods we compared the obtained data. In the Brace Test the experimental group showed a higher score only on the substantive significance level, whereas in the test of physical creativity no statistically significant differences were found. Only the substantive significance has been proved. The results indicate that a suitable physical education form at a secondary school contributes to an all-round development in adolescents.
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According to Viktor Frankl, founder of Logotherapy, spirituality is an important part of human personality. It is based as well as sexuality on the human capacity to create relationships. It is a manifestation of personal and intimate relation. It requires a mature personality able to live an authentic life. In a different way it becomes an escape from reality. The article presents as well a perspective of the roots of deformed spirituality for example in the case of personality disorder patient.
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Self-criticism is a major conjoint factor in the background of many psychiatric diagnoses. Conversely, self-reassurance and self-compassion are generally associated with better psychological health and well-being. The article provides an overview of various possible interventions in this area. The interventions are classified into two types: these requiring psychotherapist’s presence (psychotherapy and training programs) or these which are self-help based (meditation, mindfulness, virtual reality, expressive writing, imagination and focusing on human faces with positive mood). The following article „Specifics of Psychotherapy with Highly Self-Critical Client“ focuses particularly on psychotherapy with highly self-critical clients.
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A therapist’s self-disclosure is a potentially effective, yet somewhat controversial intervention. This qualitative study seeks to answer the question “When and how can a therapist’s self-disclosure be helpful in the therapeutic process?”. The study is based on the grounded theory method and comprises in an analysis of five interviews with clients and their therapists. The results indicate that a therapist’s self-disclosure can be beneficial to therapeutic process in case it fits the client’s actual need of confirmation: in this case, it can positively affect the client’s experience, support the therapeutic relationship and working alliance and contribute to progress in the client’s problem. Otherwise, it may encumber the therapeutic process by forcing the client to deal with the therapist’s self-disclosure as an extraneous element. The study also examines the role of therapist’s motivation to disclose personal information in the effect of selfdisclosure.
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Tuginedes siinse essee autori kogemusele, on otsustamine tihtipeale kõige raskem osa sõjaväelisest teenistusest, sest tasakaalustada on vaja ülesande ja alluvate vajadused. Nõnda tuleb otsustada keskkonnas, kus valitseb otsene oht eludele ja otsustel on ühele või teisele poolele peaaegu alati rasked tagajärjed (vaimsed ja füüsilised), mis survestab otsustajaid. Võib üpris kindlalt väita, et sõjapidamises kergelt hoomatavat keskkonda ei eksisteerigi, probleemid on tihti komplekssed kõige madalamal tasemel, sõda on mitmetasandiline ja tänapäeval pole tihti ka vastane selgelt eristatav. Selleks, et mõista otsustamise keerukust või selle õpetamist paremini fookustada, tuleks (1) otsustamine sõjaväelises kontekstis täpsemalt lahti mõtestada; (2) selgitada välja, millised võiksid olla võimaldavad või ülekantavad pädevused otsustamiseks ja (3) millises keskkonnas otsuste tegijad võiksid treenida.
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Peaaegu kõik juhtimisteooriad käsitlevad juhtimist, selle olemust, vastastikmõju ja tõhusust, tuginedes indiviidile, tema olemusele ja oskustele. Indiviidi kujundavad aga ühelt poolt tema isiksus ja loomuomadused, teisalt õpitud oskused ja hoiakud ning areng ajas. Viimaseid saab mõjutada, kuna organisatsioon õpetab indiviidile vajalikke oskusi, kujundab hoiakuid ja tegeleb tema arendamisega, kuid esimesega on keerulisem, kuna iseloom küll kujuneb ja teatud määral ka muutub ajas, aga peale isiku enda ei saa keegi või miski seda lihtsalt muuta. Isikuomadustele ja täpsemalt varjukülje omaduste mõjule juhtide arendamisel keskendub ka siinne essee.
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Eesti kaitsevägi lähtub ajateenistuse kontseptsioonist, kus reservväelastel on riigikaitses põhjapanev roll. Eriti oluline on seejuures ajateenijatest sobivate juhtide-aspirantide valimine, väljaõpetamine ja kasvatamine, mille eesmärk on neile reservohvitserina usaldada üksuste juhtimine sõjaajal. Seetõttu peab väljaõppe peamine eesmärk olema sellise juhi ettevalmistamine, kes suudaks lahingus üksust juhtida.
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2009. aastal ajateenistusse astudes anti siinse essee autorile kätte ankeet, mille eesmärk oli teha esmane valik juhiomadustega isikute ning autojuhtide erialale sobivate inimeste vahel. Ankeet koosnes paljuski väga jäikadest kas-küsimustest, mis ei tundunud oma üksikute küsimustega kuigi teaduslik, ent mille põhjal tehti ajateenijate teenistuslehele esimene märge nende juhiomaduste kohta.
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Two paradigms cross the history of medical science the rationalist and holistic one. Western modern medicine seems to be prevalent at present time due to the great achievements and extraordinary technological progress. For the original and holistic tradition medical act consists in restoring the balance by awakening the ‘healing force of nature,’ since the body possesses the means to heal itself. Modern Medicine believes in technology and drugs. This work suggests an Integral and Transpersonal approach to Medicine, in order to get not only the cure of symptoms but also the Self – Realization, and development of the creative potential of individuals.
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Concepts of personality, creativity and method fraktalnog drawings due to their complexity, never devoted enough attention. All of the above, the presence of art therapy as a method of prevention, treatment and support healthy growth and development of people, tells about the benefits of creative self-expression. This work discusses the use of art therapy methods fractal drawings, based on Jung‘s theory of personality, and helps in the expression of the unconscious which often represent a barrier for the successful functioning of personality. The results of studies conducted by the author of the method (Polujahtova and Komov 2014) show that the application of the methods fractal drawings increase the role of the spiritual components, enhances creativity, improves confidence, develops socialization and communication.
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The review discusses the comparative research strategies and methods of A. Andrijauskas' book "Art Psychology: From the Origins of Creativity to Psychopathology", which systematically organizes factual material from different civilized worlds and explores the psychology of genius, talent, artist's creative potential, and other concepts. The review also discusses the main questions in the formation of modern art psychology and psychopathology. These became specific disciplines in the Western sciences in the 17th century and the first half of the twentieth century. The review focuses mainly on the last part of A. Andrijauskas' book. This portion deals with the issues of the relationship between creativity and psychopathology and also with the genesis of the concepts of genius and talent.
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The article deals with the concept of personality developed in Lithuanian-American sociologist Vytautas Kavolis' National Character Studies. It is argued that it is necessary to distinguish two different elements in Kavolis' concept of personality. The first element consists of a general definition of personality, while the second one includes an approach to the relationship between personality and culture. It is stated that the first element remained unchanged in all Kavolis' works on national character. Meanwhile, the second element changed throughout the sociologist's studies. To reconstruct Kavolis' concept of personality and explain why the approach towards personality and culture changed, the views of the Lithuanian-American scientist are compared with the ideas of the American sociologists Talcott Parsons and Alex Inkeles, and the British anthropologist Geoffrey Gorer.
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Resilience and positive thinking, resilience and optimism, kindness as value could be the factors which could impact the future of our humanity and Earth as well as health and welfare of society. There is an active process of research in the positive psychology carried out in Latvia within the last ten years. The most important category of positive psychology is resilience and well-being. A lot of work has been done regarding adaptation of the concept of well-being and resilience in Latvia. There is a group of young researchers (master level students) who have made a contribution to adaptation of the concept of resilience and well-being in the science of psychology in Latvia at Riga Teacher Training and Education Management Academy (RTTEMA). A group of professors have recently made a joint research, where different samples of adults are demonstrated among the Latvian population in this article. The idea of this research is to analyse the collected secondary data on different groups of adults concerning correlation between the aspects of well-being and resilience. The aim of the research is to investigate the dimension of well-being in cognitive, eudaimonistic, hedonistic, interpersonal and spiritual (transcendent) relationship with resilience indicators - self-perseverance, self-reliance, acceptance of life, as well as the relevance of well-being indicators to age.One statement of this analysis was the hypothesis about the age as a factor which predetermines development of well-being and resilience.Methods- 1) Questionnaire on well-being (Majors, Majore, Svence, 2009), 2) Resilience scale, RS (Wagnild, Young, 1993), linguistically adapted by I. Bērziņa, G. Svence, 2011), 3) correlation and hierarchical regression analysis of the secondary data.Questions of the research:1) what kind of correlation does exist between the indicators of well-being and resilience? 2) which well-being indicators predict these resilience indicators?3) is there any correlation between the age and well-being?A data analysis is made in two parts within the framework of this research. Part 1 is dedicated to the examination of the research questions: 1) what kind of correlation does exist between the indicators of well-being and resilience? and 2) which well-being indicators predict these resilience indicators?, people of the Latvian population aged from 16 to 65 years were selected, 28.3% of men (N=184, M=32.1, SD=11,0 years), which was made using the secondary data of two studies (Madžule, 2013; Tauriņa, 2013). Part 2 of the research deals with the examination of the research questions 3) is there any correlation between the age and well-being?, people aged from 16 to 65 years were chosen, 24.5% of men (N=351, M=34.4, SD=11.5), which was made using the secondary data of three studies (Majors & Majore, 2009; Madžule, 2013; Tauriņa, 2013).It was found out, that the indicators of well-being have a direct and a rather close correlation with the indicators of resilience which provided the answer to the research question, what kind of correlation between the indicators of well-being and resilience exists. The indicators of the well-being dimension indicators have a little or rather close correlation with the parameters of the resilience dimension(0.29<r<0.58). It was found out, that well-being is more predicted by self-reliance of the resilience indicator, which provided the answer to the research question, which well-being indicators predict these resilience indicators. It was found out, that the dimensions of well-being do not correlate with age group in the statistical sense, but only some subdimensions of the purposefulness of well-being in life, perception and transcendence correlate with age at the trend level, providing the answer to the research question, whether there is a correlation between the age and well-being, resilience and age group.
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In the article we analize psycological motivation of woman character of Aghaza in Vazha Pshavela’s poem „Host and guest“. The battle with Zviadauri should be appraised by a person and not by a crowd as perception of crowd is spontaneous and lacks moral aspects. In the poem personal appraisal is given in the mourning of Agaza. For Vazha Pshavela Agaza is an image of beauty, like natural phenomenon she is an orgnic part of world beauty. To such creation nature and tradition assigns obligation to mourn for ,,decent man ”. The obligation of mourning gives clear motivation to Aghaza’s actions. Addressing heart is Vazha’s style. On the one hand we can observe ,,Pan’’ approach, when person prioritizes heart(nature) over mind, on the other hand - it is Christian concept of ,,heart’’- the organ of compassion and love. Vazha Pshavela provides further emotional details of Agaza’s compassion. Agaza adopts role of Zviadauri’s wife. She represents symbolic function of eternal wife of ,, decent man’’. In the poem he does not directly approach Zviadauri as it is supposed during intimate dialogue, but instead she speaks in third person, as to other, as to stranger therefore indicating that her grief belongs to the role and not to reality.
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LGBT people experience specific types of prejudice often related to breaking gender role norms. The exclusion experienced by LGBT individuals results mostly from the discrimination they face in all aspects of their life, a discrimination which interfere with their ability to have and access equal rights. This lack of recognition impacts the deepest aspects of life - who to live with, raising children, how to relate as gendered being, etc., but it also affects the various facets of their social and/or professional life. There is a great knowledge gap concerning these interpersonal processes in contemporary Romania, including the psychological consequences of stigmatization and prejudice for LGBT people. We aim to mention Romanian public attitudes, and secondly, to analyse the discrepancy of evolution between Norway and Romania of public attitudes toward LGBT people impacts the social inclusion of LGBT and their mental health status. The two countries are similar in terms of not incriminating homosexuality, but there is a profound discrepancy regarding the evolution of the social inclusion of LGBT persons.
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We discuss the ability to experience the joy of life as one of the main achievements of human civilization and culture. Using theoretical construct of „mindfulness“ and „flow“ we focus our attention on subjective ingredients of ability to be not only mindful, but joyful. As crucial condition for that we point love, creativity and freedom.
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Purpose: The purpose of the paper is the presentation of creation and development of entrepreneurship by giving evidence on the influence of determining factors. In this context, the issues of this study can serve as motivation for young people to believe in their personal abilities and engage in entrepreneurial activities to influence economic growth in the country. Design/Method/Approach: The study considers the previous studies for the entrepreneurship. The paper focus is a business-case study/ Business activity is analyzed in some aspects based on data collected through questionnaires. Findings: Some of the most important findings are an entrepreneur’s personality characteristics, his previous experience in the relevant field, the prominent initiative and high level of risk taking, his open-mindedness, the entrepreneur takes care of creation and preservation of business reputation under the slogan: Family, work, and satisfaction as important conditions for the establishment of good human relationships. Theoretical Implications: From the theoretical point of view, the paper evidences the fact that entrepreneurship is a study field relatively new. Therefore, every study is important because they increase the number of theoretical studies in this field which is multidisciplinary. Practical Implications: The paper reflects the successful path of an entrepreneur who, despite some hardships, realizes an individual vision and fills in the needs he sees in society bringing new products or services into the marketplace. Originality/Value: The paper analyzes the birth, growth and development of a concrete enterprise in given conditions, and this emphasizes the deeply original character of the study. Research Limitations/Future Research: The paper analyzes a concrete case, and it constitutes a limitation. However, it refers to a certain period of time, concretely the post-dictatorial period, with worsened macroeconomic parameters, which should be considered by future researchers. The change of the socio-economic development strategy in Albania was reflected in the environment that creates opportunities and responsive perspectives for human resources with a long-term outlook. Engaging in long-term productive economies is a risky occupation. The risk is conditioned by time, individual effort, available information and space. This paper is based on the results generated from surveying the occupation of one of the most successful enterprises that started its activity in the first years of the change of the socio-economic system. Through a case study, the paper also discusses theoretical problems of entrepreneurship over the years, as well as possible methods of managing an enterprise. In conclusion, it shows how individuals who are creative and motivated to find new ways to enter a market are the main support to business success.
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This short essay offers an overview of research on the emotions of envy and jealousy. It explains their history and their common nature as rivalrous emotions. It then addresses each emotion separately by exploring their conceptual contours and different conceptual understandings that sometimes seem to threaten the credibility of research on each of those important emotions in human life. After the conceptual analysis, research findings on each emotion are listed and their practical implications elicited. Throughout, attention is given to the role of those emotions in the overall moral life of agents experiencing these emotions, either from time to time or as stable traits of character. Finally, some possible future directions for research are suggested.
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