We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Statistics published in many different countries seem to point to the fact that women are much more likely than men ask for psychiatric/psychotherapeutic care. Although there is not a clearcut case for saying that more women suffer from psychiatric/ mental illnesses, it seems to be unquestionable that women dominate in particular disease categories: depression, eating disorders, anxiety and phobias . syndromes which were formerly covered by the label .hysteria. (Ussher, 1991).
More...
Viktor Tausk, an Austrian lawyer, a writer and a doctor, had ties to the psychoanalytic movement in the first decade of the 20th century. In fall of 1909 he became member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. He participated in the Wednesday meetings with Sigmund Freud and other pioneers of psychoanalysis. He served as a physician- -psychiatrist in the Austro-Hungarian army. He was stationed in Lublin for a period of nine months. It was there that he gathered and analyzed the material, that formed the basis for his two important works: one of them concerned the so called ‘war psychosis’, the other the psychology of deserters.
More...
Clinical psychology is one of the most popular and prestigious paths of career in the field of professional psychology. It is a natural way of development for those young psychologists, who after graduation want to work in a clinical setting. After joining the European Community many of Polish graduates at least think about continuing their careers in one of the European countries. The most popular one is, mainly because of the lack of language barrier, the United Kingdom. Those who do, naturally try to compare the conditions of becoming a clinical psychologist in Poland and in the UK. 10 years of experience show that it is quite often if polish graduates have no clue not only about terms of being a clinical psychologist in the UK, but also in Poland. The study is a try to show what kind of situation we are dealing with in both countries and if there are any substantial differences between these two settings. The main goal is to show cross-cultural differences between two countries and their consequences for young psychologists. It is based on authors’ job experiences in the UK and Poland as well as on research of the subject.
More...
The Internet and its negative consequences to mental health is one of the fastest growing research fields over the past decade. This editorial gives an overview of available knowledge on problematic behaviors related to Internet use. The current psychiatric terminology recognizes disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors, with gaming disorder as the only mental disorder related to Internet use. There may be relationships between different mental disorders characterized primarily by impulsive, compulsive, and addictive behaviors and problematic Internet use (PIU) and disordered gaming. Marked variability was found in the prevalence of PIU and gaming disorder globally, with a myriad of factors that may lead to and/or maintain these behaviors. Research studies showed that individuals with PIU and gaming disorder may have distinctive psychological profiles with specific cognitive changes. Functional and structural neural and neurochemical abnormalities in the brain may also be present. Finally, treatments of these conditions have already emerged. Eleven selected articles for this Special issue dealing with specific aspects of problematic behaviors related to Internet use were also discussed.
More...
Within recent years there has been increasing societal concern around the compulsive and excessive use of digital and Internet-enabled devices, such as the use of social media or online video gaming, and associated psychological and physical harms. However, problematic use or addictive behaviours are not yet included as diagnosable mental health issues in any major diagnostic system in Western countries and the conceptualisations of the phenomena are still inconsistent. To address this issue, the present study reviewed the current conceptualisations of digital addiction used within the research literature and identified common features of the definition of digital addiction. Definitions of the phenomenon were extracted from 47 studies, and they were analysed using a content analysis approach. The initial process assessed definitions for features of digital addiction within Internet, gaming and smartphone addiction. Two higher-order themes were identified, which focused on the harm caused by the phenomenon and on the user’s behaviours associated with the phenomenon. It was also found that key constructs are not specific to the usage domain, i.e. whether it is related to gaming, Internet or smartphone use. Several core features were found across different conceptualisations of digital addiction within the literature; however, it was also noted that some features are subjective and inconsistently applied. If a decision is to be reached on whether the phenomenon is a mental health disorder, then clearer definitions must be created.
More...
In this cross-sectional study, we investigated screen use habits, problematic internet use (PIU),and screen–psychopathology relationship in a clinical sample of children and adolescents.The study included 277 children and adolescents (129 [46.4%] girls) aged between 6–17 years referred to a psychiatry outpatient setting for various reasons. All parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while adolescents also completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The mean screen time was 3.85 (SD = 2.72) hours per day.Longer screen times were found among children and adolescents with specific psychiatric disorders compared to those with no psychiatric symptoms; especially among those with internalizing disorders (i.e., an anxiety disorder and/or depression), but also with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder. Longer screen time may be related with more functioning impairments. Based on the IAT, 2.1% of adolescents may have PIU. The findings from this study suggest that children and adolescents with psychiatric symptoms may have prolonged screen times. This needs to be taken into account during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
More...
The aim of this study was to determine the factors which have a predictive value when it comes to the intensive and excessive use of the Internet among adolescents. Predictors tested included different psychological, behavioural, and socio-demographic variables. The data were collected at the end of 2018 within the framework of the international survey EU Kids Online, on a sample of 863 adolescents from Serbia (434 [50%] males) aged 11 to 17 years. It was shown that the intensive use of the Internet was more characteristic among girls,adolescents with a tendency towards antisocial behaviours, those who think to have advanced digital skills and those whose parents did not apply restrictive forms of mediation. On the other hand, the excessive use of the Internet was related to certain psychological variables,like anxiety, impulsivity, and perceived discrimination on various grounds, but also to the absence of active parental mediation and support in the use of digital technologies.
More...
This study aimed to examine whether there is a mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between social anxiety and problematic Internet use (PIU). The sample consisted of 297 participants (147 [49%] males; aged from 18 to 24 years), who were university students studying sport sciences in four universities in Turkey. Data were obtained using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Internet Addiction Scale, and Scale of Difficulties in Emotional Regulation. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data.According to the results obtained, emotion regulation difficulty has a full mediating role in the relationship between social anxiety and PIU. As a result, social anxiety affects emotion regulation difficulties and this effect could increase PIU.
More...
The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between trauma exposure and prosocial behavior tendencies. One hundred and forty five individuals with trauma history and 58 individuals without any trauma exposure participated in the study. Prosocial behavior tendency mean scores of trauma and non-trauma groups were compared via t-test analysis. Moreover, posttraumatic stress symptom scores were used to measure the ongoing effect of trauma exposure on the participants. In order to investigate the mediating role of posttraumatic growth in the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and prosocial behavior tendencies, mediation analysis via Bootstrap sampling method was employed. Results indicated that individuals with trauma history showed more prosocial behavior tendencies than individuals without any trauma exposure. In addition, posttraumatic growth had an indirect effect on the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and prosocial behavior tendencies. Also, this indirect effect of posttraumatic growth was sustained even when participant’s empathic tendency scores were controlled. Study findings provide important social and clinical implications.
More...
Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS) for Adults is a tool to assess Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and related executive function deficit symptoms. The scale was adapted to Turkish and the psychometric characteristics were analyzed. Group with ADHD (N = 101, 48 Female and 53 Male) and a group without ADHD (N = 251; 213 Female and 38 Male) with age range between 18 to 41 year olds, participated. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate fit between the two forms. Testretest reliability on group without ADHD (n = 53), was .82 (p < .01). Cronbach alpha coefficient (.95) and item-total score correlations confirmed internal consistency. Total scores and five cluster scores of ADHD group (n = 92) and control group (n = 231) were compared for the discriminative validity. The results showed that the total and cluster scores of the ADHD group were significantly higher than the control group (p < .01). Turkish form of BADDS for Adults is found to be reliable and valid scale that can be used in Turkey for the practical and research purposes.
More...
In today’s world, internet and smartphones have become essential parts of our lives. Besides their advantages, there are also some drawbacks regarding their usage. To investigate these drawbacks, problematic internet and smartphone use has been separately investigated within the scope of behavioral addiction. In parallel to this, present study aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic internet and smartphone use and psychological factors that were related to diverse addictive disorders in a Turkish sample. It was hypothesized that emotion regulation, self-control, depression and social anxiety symptoms, and novelty seeking would predict problematic internet and smartphone use. Data was collected from 337 adults between the ages of 18 and 66 (M = 28.86, SD = 9.72). The results showed that although social anxiety and depression symptoms as well as low self-control predicted problematic internet and smartphone use; novelty seeking predicted only problematic smartphone use. Additionally, difficulties in emotion regulation did not predict problematic internet and smartphone use.
More...
The aim of the research was to assess the role of self-esteem and cognitive appraisal of a conflict in generating destructive and constructive strategies of coping used by adolescents in social conflict situations. The following research tools have been used in the research: the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) developed by M. Rosenberg, adapted by M. Łaguna, K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek, and I. Dzwonkowska; the Stress Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ) (Polish: KOS – Kwestionariusz Oceny Stresu) by D. Włodarczyk and K. Wrześniewski; as well as the Questionnaire for the study of adolescents 'coping strategies employed in social conflict situations (Polish: KSMK – Kwestionariusz strategii radzenia sobie młodzieży w sytuacji konfliktu społecznego) developed by D. Borecka-Biernat. The empirical research was carried out in middle schools (Polish: gimnazjum). The research involved 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. Analysis of research results indicates that in the case of adolescents, lower assessment of one’s capacities and the appraisal of conflict in terms of threat or harm/loss, generally coincides with the tendency to react destructively when faced with a conflict. The research has also indicated that an adolescent with higher self-esteem, when involved in a conflict that is not assessed as threatening, implements a constructive strategy to cope with the situation.
More...
The aim of the study was to analyze whether the individual dimensions of resilience and attachment are related to the quality of relationships with parents of people with schizophrenia and the indication of mediators determining the quality of these relationships. 50 participants took part in the study. The average age of the respondents was 49 years. Measurements of independent variables were made using Experiences in Close Relationships Revised by Chris Fraley, Kelly Brennan, and Neils Waller, in the Polish adaptation by Cezary Wiśniewski (2011); and Lifespan Individual Resilience Scale (pl) (LIRS (pl)) in the Polish adaptation of Malina, Pooley, and Harms (2016). The quality of the relationship was measured using The Quality Relationship Inventory in the Polish adaptation of Dorota Suwalska-Barancewicz, Paweł Izdebski, and Hanna Liberska (2015). The results confirmed the existence of significant, strong relationship between discrete resilience dimensions and the quality of relationship with parents. The research also confirmed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of resilience and the dimensions of attachment and between the dimensions of attachment and the quality of relationships with parents. It also turned out that the level of resilience is an important mediator between attachment and perceived support from parents.
More...
The main problem of this study is the assessment of the relationship between the level of parentification experienced during adolescence and the intensity of identity-related senses in young adulthood. We took into account three main types of parentification: emotional, instrumental, and perceived unfairness of the role reversal experience and the identity-related senses described by Pilarska (2012, 2016). 181 people aged 19–30 participated in the study, including 95 women. The participants completed the following measures: Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult (past form) (Jurkovic, Thirkield, 1999), the Multidimensional Questionnaire of Identity (Pilarska, 2015), and a demographic survey whose main purpose was to indicate possible risk factors running in the participants’ families, such as, disability of family members, chronic somatic or mental illness, addiction, chronic absence, divorce or death of a parent. Results confirmed a higher level of parentification in the risk factor group in comparison with the control group, and the lack of such differences with regard to identity-related senses. The lower level of the sense of one’s own boundaries characterized the group with the higher intensity of emotional and instrumental parentification. The lower level of the three identity-related senses (of one’s own boundaries, of having inner contents, and of self-worth) was noticeable in the group with a higher score on each parentification dimension. The latter result indicates clear negative effects of parentification associated with its perceived unfairness.
More...
The article presents two non-pharmacological therapeutic methods applied to people in late adulthood: “Montessori for Seniors” by Cameron Camp (Stroińska, 2017; Stroińska, 2018) and “Joy of learning throughout life” by Christine Mitterlechner (Dudek, 2018). The study presents a practical dimension of their application in the development and rehabilitation of the elderly, with varying degrees of cognitive difficulty. Presented views of montessorian geragogy are derived from the pedagogy of Maria Montessori, but they focus on other aspects of this method. “Montessori for Seniors” puts the focus of daily activities and appropriate adaptation of the environment to enable the elderly (also with dementia) to function independently. In “Joy of learning” the main area of issues is sensory stimulation and the proper structure of classes conducive to neurocognitive rehabilitation. Although the scope and impact of the two methods are different, they can be used complementarily in working with the elderly because their common goal, although implemented in other ways, is to support the development and learning of seniors and counteract the effects of cognitive deterioration.
More...
The aim of the study was to identify factors that may participate in the relationship between the character of the bond created in childhood and the development of anhedonia in adult life. A questionnaire survey on attachment style, sensitivity to stress, learned helplessness, level of anhedonia and perceived social support was carried out. The study was attended by 163 participants, aged between 19 and 36. The results confirmed the hypothesized relationship between the character of bonds formed in childhood and the development of anhedonia in adulthood. The secure attachment and the perception of instrumental support, especially emotional support, are factors related to reducing the risk of developing anhedonia. The factor that conduces the development of anhedonia is, above all, attachment of the insecure character. Research shows that the character of the bond created in childhood is important for the mental health of the individual, social functioning and the possessed skills and personal resources.
More...
The basic aim of our theoretical and research activity is to prepare a research procedure and a theoretical basis for such procedure directed at diagnosing three possible ways of responding to trauma (absence of adaptation, adaptation and post-traumatic development) among people who were mentally stable before experiencing trauma. In subject literature, traumatic responses are most often described by grouping into three categories: absence of adaptation, adaptation, and post-traumatic growth (development). In our case study, we introduce two examined women, who had in common the type of traumas experienced. They are women between 29 and 32 years old (young adults) whose child had died in the last 3 to 5 years. We have therefore focused not on the description of individual steps in carrying out a single case diagnosing reaction to trauma, but on the presentation of preparing procedure for such a study, i.e. the description of consecutive steps that led us from the first question: what model will we use for the analysis of response to trauma and why this model and not the other one? – to the last question: what set of methods will we use to investigate the response to trauma and why this one as opposed to some other? In this case study, we present ensuing answers to the questions raised together with their rationale, dilemmas and doubts accompanying their formulation.
More...
Positive psychology points out the relation between experiencing the state of engagement in life, including social engagement, and the feeling of happiness and contentment in seniors. The purpose of the conducted study was to search for the relationship between the well-being of older adults and their individual life motives which were operationalized on the basis of the Japanese cultural phenomenon of ikigai. The participants in the study were seniors from three groups: members of the Active Senior Club, students of The Third Age University and inmates of a Care and Therapy In-patient Department (N = 138). The sense of meaning of life, satisfaction with life and resiliency were measured. Additionally, the participants were asked a question concerning the value they ascribed to their own life. The results of the study indicate that the seniors who declare they possess an individual life motive are generally more satisfied with their life and consider it to have more meaning. Senior citizens who are active in areas such as education or culture also present a higher level in those areas.
More...
The study aimed to analyze the role of attachment in the formation of chronic self-destructive tendency. It was hypothesized that high levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance impair self-care functions and limit capacities for self-control, which may then lead to the development of an indirect self-destructive personality pattern. The study was conducted among 137 young adults, using the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Self-Control Scale and Self-Care Competence Questionnaire. The obtained results showed that the relationship between anxiety about rejection and chronic self- -destructiveness was only indirect – its influence was primarily through self-control and partly also through self-care functions. With regard to avoidance of intimacy, the analysis revealed it had both direct and mediated effects (through self-care functions and self-control) on chronic self-destructiveness.
More...