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The article presents main threads of the ongoing debate around the permanent exhibition of the Polin Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. Analyzing differences between two fields of research, Jewish studies and studies on Polish-Jewish relations, the article makes the case that many of the critical voices in this debate stem from a lack of understanding of the differences between these two fields of research; these in their turn arise from the current state of affairs in Poland, and the pressure of nationalism and ethnocentrism, exerted also on Polish historical debates. If the telling of the 1,000 years of the history of Jewish life in Poland were to concentrate on the attitudes of the majority population towards Jews, as the critics seem to suggest should be the case, the Museum’s narrative would run the risk of falling into a teleological fallacy, whereby all previous events and processes are interpreted as mechanically leading to the Holocaust, and of omitting all of these elements of Jewish history which are not relevant from the perspective of the Holocaust and of anti-Semitism studies. Making anti-Jewish hatred or the attitudes of the general majority towards Jews into the central axis of Jewish history could deprive Jews of their own historical subjectivity. At the same time, the article points out where and how the narrative of the Polin Museum indeed insufficiently includes the subject of anti-Semitism as an important factor of Jewish experience and of Jewish history in Poland. Renewing the dialogue between representatives of Jewish studies and Polish-Jewish relations studies is crucial from the standpoint of the current situation in Poland, in which the Polin Museum can be used by various actors in their attempts to build highly biased, politicized and uncritical versions of the history of Poland generally and of Polish attitudes towards the Jews specifically. This kind of understanding between the fields of Jewish studies and Polish-Jewish relations studies and their representatives’ common struggle against such attempts require an understanding of the autonomy of and differences between these two fields of research.
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The research of the Zerdahelyi family in Nyitraszerdahely (Slovak: Nitrianska Streda), is based on archival documents dating back to the early 15th century. This study follows the history of the family until 1615: this is when Mihály Zerdahelyi prepared his preserved testament.
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The Brukenthal Library is in possession of a valuable French incunabulum, printed in Paris in the year 1483. It is a juridical book, namely the old variant of the common law of Normandy, which was in force for no less than about 600 years. These laws were primarily concerned with possession litigations, such as property and inheritance. They greatly varied from one region to another, and, because of this fact, among French jurists a trend had gained ground with the purpose of settling the various common laws in writing, to order this field. This old Norman law is still in force in the Channel Islands, where it still is the basis of the civil legislation, and was even reprinted there at the end of the 19th century. The book was acquired by the Baron Brukenthal, who had a juridical background himself: it is recorded in the old 3-volume catalogue of the library – yet there are no analogous items in the library.
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The Princely Court of Târgovişte represents the most important ensemble of secular architecture in Muntenia (Wallachia), which includes within various monuments of the Romanian Middle Ages. The vestiges of the Princely Court (churches, palaces, wall sand defensive towers), the historical prestige of Târgovişte, together with the regaining of the national identity in the modern era, have led to the initiation of the first conservation measures in the middle of the 19th century. The purpose of the article is to provide a unitary overview of all the stages of restoration and capitalization of these monuments. From this perspective, the medieval princely space, nowadays an open-air museum, can be better understood by associating the written history with the image, found in old graphics and photographic representations. It is worth mentioning that for in the present article we included unpublished sources from the archives of the National Heritage Institute (Historical Monuments Commission Fund and the Historical Monuments Directorate Fund), the “Princely Court” National Museums Complex from Târgoviște and the Romanian Academy Library.
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A number of 2397 of old and modern books are preserved at the Centre for the Conservation of the Cultural-Ecclesiastical Heritage of the Diocese of Deva and Hunedoara from Orăștie, most of them being Romanian books. Among these, some foreign prints have kept our attention, being the starting point of the current investigation. The samples come from the Romanian Orthodox Parish „Orăștie III”, founded on the core of the ex-residence of the Romanian Deanery United with Rome, Greek-Catholic, Orăștie, disbanded following the decree no. 358/1948. The Register of inventory reveals that, alongside the foreign books, three old Romanian books and two books from Transylvania have been taken from the same collection. The volumes have been printed starting with the 16th century and until the 19th century in the western printing houses of Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Halle, Milan, Paris, Rome, Venice, and Wien, but also in the central and eastern ones, such as Buda, Košice, Pest, Blaj, and Cluj, being written in Latin, Hungarian and Romanian. Concerning the themes, the religious papers are predominant, but we have to highlight the presence of some works on lexicography, ancient history, universal history and Romanians’ history. The investigation of the specimens in the deposit has led to the identification of bookplates, annotations, notes, which bring into attention names of Greek-Catholic clerics and ecclesiastical institutions which once had sheltered a part of those books. We are mentioning the signatures left by Petru Rațiu (1805-1875) and Ioan Bercean (1818-1890), canons of Lugoj, Vasile Erdely (1796-1862), bishop of Oradea, Iuliu Rațiu (1864-1904), dean of Orăștie, Ioan Săbăduș, priest of Pănade, and Petru Paveloniu, cantor at Densuș, as well as the stamp from 1856 of the Greek-Catholic Diocese of Lugoj. By drawing the attention to this bibliophile fund, we intend to restore the 79 foreign and Romanian old and modern books to the scientific circuit, aiming to reconstruct, even if only partially, a still unknown library.
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The Galați of 1871, felt the full effect of the porto-franco status granted 35 years before by the prince of Moldavia, Mihail Sturdza, reaching a peak of unprecedented economic and social development. The city had expanded on the hill in what was called the New City, drawing new streets, and the old ones widening, according to the same charter. Among them were the Domnească Street and the Old Vineyards Street, the latter being named Mavramol after the extension of the Mavramol Street that already existed. On either side of these streets, there were extensive properties, some unused, forming in the central area of the fair either uncultivated plains and gardens, with no public value, or large orchards or gardens with the owner's house in the middle.Over time, they made connections between the main streets by opening access routes on their property.Such an owner was Major Nicolae Holban who, in 1871, opened a street on his property, to connect the Domnească Street with Mavramol Street. This was called the New Street, and recalled, in 1872, the Holban Street, after the name of the one who gave the land to open the new access. This paper is about how this street was born and how evolved, about those who owned properties on it, some of them becoming celebrities dedicated to economy and culture in Galați.
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Aim: The subject of this article is the figure of Friedrich Julius Kleinmichel, a genre painter, illustrator of books and magazines from the village of Rodzone near Lubawa.Research method: available literature, 19th century newspapers and books with illustrations as well as catalogues from exhibitions and auctions of his paintings were reviewed to present the silhouette and work of Friedrich Julius Kleinmichel.Results/conclusions: The subject of paintings and illustrations for books and newspapers of Friedrich Julius Kleinmichel mainly concerned children's world. He worked mainly with writers and poets of children's literature such as Victor Blüthgen, Helen Binder, Emma Biller, Julius Lohmeyer, Johannes Trojan, Franz Dittmar.
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Johannes Tröster’s book, Das Alt und Neue Teutsche Dacia [The Old and New German Dacia], published in Nürnberg in 1666, is not the oldest historical description of Transylvania, but the first work of its kind in German. The author, a 17th century Transylvanian historian, geographer and humanist, made a confusion between the Geto-Dacians and the Geto-Goths, and, as a consequence, he believed that the Transylvanian Saxons were not only the descendants of the Daco-Goths, but they were – alongside the Romanians, as descendants of the Romans – the oldest inhabitants of the province. The aim of his work was to demonstrate that not the Hungarians, regarded as newcomers, had the right to rule Transylvania, but its oldest inhabitants, the Transylvanian Saxons, thanks to their Ancient roots in this places. Last but not least, the work provides valuable information about the history of the Romanian language, as well as news about Romanian customs and traditions. The engraver Hans Jacob Schollenberger illustrated Tröster’s book. In each plate, some of the existent monuments are traceable, but the views are traditional type of cartographic images, idea images, patterns that had nothing in common with the towns of the 17th century. The draughtsman often has no first-hand knowledge of the area he is reproducing. This type of representation of Transylvanian towns and boroughs that accompany and supplement the information of geographical or historical works, was the expression of a traditional thinking based on a multitude of conventions.
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The purpose of the article. Cultural policy in the conditions of network space and digital technologies, the creation of electronic resources of documentation and objects and subjects of culture, cultural and artistic product and cultural heritage, activities in the field of standardization of electronic documentation and electronic digital resources are considered. The methodology of the research is to apply the system approach and the information-analytical and culturological method. Scientific novelty. The basic principles of cultural policy in conditions of network society and digital technologies concerning preservation, research, and updating of the national cultural heritage, its popularization are considered; ensuring the maximum availability of cultural goods. The standards regulating the creation of electronic reference systems and digital resources are discussed in the light of the specifics of the cultural sector.
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Purpose of the article is an identification of some aspects of the common and different in the activities of libraries, archives, and museums. The methodology of the research is to apply such methods as logical, institutional, analytical, chronological, comparative, functional, which make it possible to find common and different in the activities of libraries, archives, and museums. Scientific novelty of the work is to identify common and different in the activities of libraries, archives, museums through communicative and cognitive, cumulative search, value-oriented, and other social functions. Conclusions. There is a general description of the activities of libraries, archives, museums - custodians of the spiritual heritage of the people and the cultural heritage of humankind. The distinction between institutions is revealed, which is manifested in the type and composition of funds, accessibility to them, the degree of contact of users with documents. Nowadays, the combined functions of libraries, archives, and museums as document and information institutions are taking place.
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Purpose of the article: the characteristic of the influence of monuments of the calendar value on the formation of new elements of the cultural heritage as cultural constants of the identity of the Ukrainian people. Methodology of the research is based on a comparative approach using the principles of socio-cultural and system analysis. Scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time a thorough analysis of modern sources on the issues of study of monuments of calendar value has been made, their potential as elements of cultural heritage and their role in shaping the cultural identity of the Ukrainian people have been determined, from the point of view of attracting objects of art with calendar symbols to tourist use and creation of new programs of tourist routes. Conclusions: it has been established that in the territory of modern Ukrainian lands for several thousand years a system of display of calendar and astronomical representations was formed, which at different intervals had a different sign design: ornaments from parallel strokes or inscriptions on the mantle's neck and bracelets of the mystic culture; ceramic horned armchair in the form of a bull's head as a symbol of the worship of Trypillians to the heavenly Tilts; ornamentation on a spin-wheel of bronze time, corresponding to the main constellation, which the Sun passed from the point of spring to the point of autumnal equinox; stone sculpture of calendar value; calendar symbols on the clay products of the ancient Slavs; ceremonial holidays and calendar literature, which relates Trypillian civilization and modern elements of the sacred sphere of life of Ukrainians. The popularization of the objects of art of calendar symbols as elements of cultural heritage and their inclusion in the programs of tourist routes will contribute to the formation of the cultural identity of the Ukrainian people.
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The purpose of the article - with the definition of key positions to justify the relevance of the study of urban branding within cultural studies. The methodology of the research is based on general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, etc.). The research is based on an interdisciplinary methodology based on a cultural approach, which has made it possible to achieve its goal. The scientific novelty is to draw attention to the need to take into account a number of cultural phenomena in the city's branding, in particular, the identity and image of the city, the mentality of the inhabitants, and the cultural heritage. Conclusions. Creating an effective model of urban functioning in line with world standards, in turn, creates the preconditions for them to position themselves as a kind of "security zone", which guarantees an objective, economically favorable competitive environment for business, which in turn contributes to attracting foreign investment. They are these additional levers and resources for preserving cultural and historical achievements and the development of modern convenient and attractive infrastructure for tourists, and therefore, in many respects, determine the cultural and communicative attractiveness of urban space. It enables to form a brand of the city with a clear positioning of priorities, values, as well as the identification of the city as a cultural and communicative space with original traditions and mentality of the inhabitants, united around solving common problems. All these key positions, along with the development of tourism, the preservation of cultural heritage, the attraction of investments, etc., are almost key aspects of urban branding and require research within the limits and methods of culturology.
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Artikkel käsitleb maalija Konrad Mäe (1878–1925) loomingu retseptsiooni erinevatel aegadel – 20. sajandi alguses, kahe maailmasõja vahelisel ja Teise maailmasõja järgsel perioodil – ning osutab selle muutumisele vastavalt esteetiliste vaadete muutumisele sümbolismist ja ekspressionismist art déco ja poeetilise realismi kaudu sotsrealismi ja selle ületamiseni. Seda seostatakse artiklis silmapaistva eesti kunstiteadlase Evi Pihlaku (1928–1993) panusega Mäe loomingu uurimisse alates kunstniku isikunäitusest Eesti Kunstimuuseumis 1959. aastal ja mitmest samaaegsest artiklist. Põhjalikumalt peatutakse Pihlaku 1988. aastal peetud ettekandel „Hanno Kompus ja Konrad Mägi”.
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Purpose of the article is to reveal the level of universality of media and communication theory of museum by M. Castelles. Methodology. Analysis of thinking, criticism, deductive logic. Scientific novelty. Integrative approach by Castelles is a significant component in theory of museum as unique medium. This theory is about capacity of museum to overcome hyper-autonomization of physic, subjective and objective world (according to Popper's three worlds). Conclusions. Universality of theory of media and communication of museum by M. Castelles depends on his paradoxical model of future. In this model development of communication facilities isolates people and groups one from another, so it will be difficult to get mutual understanding. But forecasts of Castelles have not come true yet. His article about museum was published in 2001 – 17 years ago and people still can understand one another. Castelles was the first among researchers of museum communication, who correctly used the McLuhan’s formula «medium is a message». For Castelles museum collection is not a sense of museum communication. It is only a special device, which allows museum to influence the society the way other media cannot do. Thus, the universality of Castelles approach is rather more important, than his futurological conclusions. It consists of study of social transformational capacity of museum as a specific medium.
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The purpose of the article is to discuss the current problems of state expertise of cultural values of Ukraine, which is an important link in the control of their maintenance and transportation across the border. Research methods. There have been used analytical, historical, epistemological, axiological and theoretical synthesis methods for the purpose of specification of the problem of state expertise of cultural values and emphasizing of the history of expert activity. Scientific novelty of the results lies in the specification of the process of forming the institute of expertise of cultural property that is directly connected with the State control over the movement of cultural property across the state border of Ukraine, with the development of national legislation on cultural values that were directed to implementation of the rules and principles under the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the illicit Import, export and transfer of ownership of cultural property of 14/11/1970 ratified by a statement of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 10.02.1988 number 5396-XI and recommendations on presentation of the results of state expertise of cultural values (conclusions) and their significance. Conclusions. Considering the above, we must remember that cultural values are public property and are under state protection. So given the above guidelines for the design of the conclusions of state examination of subjects that have or may have cultural value are aimed at improving the work of government experts.
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Purpose of the article. To emphasize the peculiarities of the formation of the subject-spatial environment in the zone of the historical building of cities and to offer scientifically substantiated recommendations on the compositional combination, restoration, and maintenance of aesthetic and functional parameters of the background historical architectural and spatial building of cities. Research methodology. The methodological basis of the research is based on the integrated use of general scientific research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization of previously proposed ideas and proposals. Scientific novelty. As a result of this research, features of the formation of the urban environment, in particular, the background part of the historical place of modern cities, and ways of harmonizing new and historical architectural and spatial objects are disclosed. It's done the accent on the need for the development of normative legal acts and project proposals governing relations related to the reconstruction and restoration of architectural objects and adjoining recreational areas located in the zone of historical building of cities that are not architectural monuments, but create a kind of background and atmosphere for significant architectural objects. Formulated recommendations for the formation of the architectural and spatial composition of historic parts of cities, which should be taken into account when designing new objects in the existing structure of the town. Conclusions. Analysis of scientific papers and publications showed that the principles of harmonization of urban development should take into account a number of the following factors: ● continuity of historical development of planning and development; ● the balance of elements of the urban environment and their mutual conditionality; ● harmonious placement of buildings and features of the natural complex; ● hierarchy of urban planning and architectural ensembles; ● the complementarity of the historical elements of the urban environment with new items; ● differentiation of the system of formation of the urban environment; ● systematization of the location of design elements in the structure of the urban environment; ● the consistency of color decision of new aspects of the urban environment with the existing architectural and natural environment; ● the functionality of the original structure and design elements; ● artistic and aesthetic perception of the appearance of architectural forms. Also, the design of new facilities should take into account their impact not only on the individual, historically valuable objects but also on the historical environment in which it is assumed their appearance. It should also be emphasized that to address the preservation of the historically formed urban environment with its characteristic features, spatial and visual links; the historical center should be considered as the only integrated monument of urban planning and architecture.
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The purpose of the work. The article analyzes the importance of the Convention on the Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in recognizing the problems of preservation of the intangible cultural heritage at the state level. The participation of communities and organizations involved in the creation, conservation and transfer of such an inheritance has been identified. The methodology of the study consists in application of structural-functional and comparative approaches to the analysis of the activities of UNESCO and state institutes in the field of the protection of the intangible cultural heritage. The scientific novelty lies in updating the issues of preservation of the elements of the intangible cultural heritage in society and planning the cultural policy of the state. Conclusions. The legislative framework of Ukraine for the protection of the intangible cultural heritage should be established and brought to the international level with a full range of legal, administrative, financial, scientific, technical and organizational measures that will be implemented both at the national and international levels.
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