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From the end of the 1990s, an issue relating to methodological problems of protection and conservation of specimens of cultural heritage became especially acute in Georgia. At the same time, various kinds of mistakes were observed in restoration and repair works conducted on movable and immovable monuments. Due to recognition of this urgent problem, at the end of 2004, the Rector of Tbilisi Academy of Art initiated the establishment of a Faculty of Restoration, Art History and Theory in the State Academy of Arts of Tbilisi, the aim of which was to establish a scientific basis on which to conduct the conservation-restoration of specimens of cultural heritage, and many steps were taken in this direction.
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In the process of building local communities with shared cultural values, museums, libraries and community centres are key agents in civil society. When these institutions project specific notions and ideal types of identity and citizenship, they have the potential to produce changes in people’s behaviour. It is only natural that political bodies are interested in these processes. On 16 September 2016, the Ministry of Human Capacities of the Hungarian Government launched an EU-funded project with the primary aim of strengthening social cohesion within the region. As a part of this project, we surveyed 59 professionals working in Hungarian museums, libraries and community centres, using the Delphi method, to gain insights about their capacities, needs, and visions. This article presents the results of the first round of analysis. Respondents’ answers were analysed using NVivo qualitative data analysis software, which resulted in a thematic map showing the main problems professionals in these sectors are struggling with, and highlighting the kinds of visions they had for their institutions’ future. The study clearly shows that the cultural sector is plagued by financial problems, and that there is a strong need for reform when it comes to the professional training of workers in these fields. Regarding the future, visions are centred around cultural institutions increasingly becoming community spaces, thinktanks, and ideas workshops that consciously guide community formation.
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This paper studies a portfolio optimization problem with variance and Entropic Value-at-Risk (EVaR) as risk measures. As the variance measures the deviation around the expected return, the introduction of EVaR in the mean-variance framework helps to control the downside risk of portfolio returns. This study utilized the squared l2-norm to alleviate estimation risk problems arising from the mean estimate of random returns. To adequately represent the variance-EVaR risk measure of the resulting portfolio, this study pursues rescaling by the capital accessible after payment of transaction costs. The results of this paper extend the classical Markowitz model to the case of proportional transaction costs and enhance the efficiency of portfolio selection by alleviating estimation risk and controlling the downside risk of portfolio returns. The model seeks to meet the requirements of regulators and fund managers as it represents a balance between short tails and variance. The practical implications of the findings of this study are that the model when applied, will increase the amount of capital for investment, lower transaction cost and minimize risk associated with the deviation around the expected return at the expense of a small additional risk in short tails.
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Groups are generally considered to be more effective as compared to single individuals. The practical implementation of Operation Research methods in group negotiations needs simple contexts and clear cause-and-effect relationships easily discernible by everyone. This paper proposes a multi-criteria group decision-making approach allowing decision makers/experts involved in a negotiation process to better express and defend their preferences in the selection of the best alternative. In the proposed approach, the most appropriate alternative is the alternative with the largest number of appearances in the first position or in ranking lists, or the one determined based on negotiations of decision makers/experts. The proposed ARCAS approach is based on the use of the ARAS method, a new normalization procedure, and the SWARA method. In the proposed approach, each decision maker/expert involved in evaluation has an opportunity to set the preferred level of rating for each criterion used in such evaluation. Finally, a case study is presented in order to highlight the proposed approach. The obtained results confirm the usability and efficiency of the proposed approach.
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Nobody disputes that trust is an important issue in choosing a financial service provider, especially in the area of new forms of banking. The goal of this paper is to assess the most important determinants of trust in traditional banking. The study was conducted in the Baltics and personal customers had to rank the distinguished factors. Using correlation analysis and binary logistic regression model it was found that the most significant factor influencing trust in all countries is provided information by the bank. In addition, in Lithuania – bank’s characteristics, in Latvia – customers’ risk perception and bank’s characteristics, in Estonia – respondents’ experience of cooperation with a bank were highlighted as significant. The following measures of fit are used in order to describe the created logistic models: contingency table test, Nagelkerke pseudo-R2, Pearson chisquare test, Wald test. However, there is a limitation – the survey was conducted online. Nevertheless, as Internet penetration rate is high enough in investigated countries (from 76 percent in Latvia to 91 percent in Estonia), survey results can be adapted for at least seventy-five percent of each country’s population. The findings have implications on the development of the strategy and the policy of commercial banks.
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Multiple uncertainties complicate socio-economic forecasting problems, especially when relying on ill-conditioned limited data. Such problems are best addressed by grey prediction models such as Grey Verhulst Model (GVM). This paper resolves the incompatibility between GVM’s estimation and prediction by taking its basic form equation as the basis of both. The resultant “Basic Form”-focused GVM (BFGVM) is also further developed to create Direct Non-equidistant BFGVM (DNBFGVM) and, in turn, DNBFGVM with Recursive simulation (DNBFGVMR). Experimental analyses comprise 19 socio-economic time series with an emphasis on Iranian population, a low-frequency non-equidistant time series with remarkable strategic importance. Promisingly, the proposed DNBFGVM and DNBFGVMR provide accurate in-sample and out-of-sample socio-economic forecasts, show highly significant improvements over the best traditional GVM, and offer cost-effective intelligent support of decision-making. Final results suggest future trends of studied socio-economic time series. Specifically, they reveal Iranian population to grow even slower than anticipated, demanding an urgent consideration of policy-makers.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of home resources for learning, students who attended preschool education and early literacy and numeracy activities before beginning primary school on mathematics and science performance. The sample of the study consists of N=6456 4th year students who participated in TIMSS 2015. The effect of independent variables on mathematics and science performance was analyzed by ANOVA. According to the results, as home resources for learning increase, math and science performance increases both Turkey and TIMSS 2015 samples. However, the amount of home resources for learning in Turkey are quite insufficient compared to TIMSS 2015 average. The mathematics and science performance of students who attend pre-school is higher than those of student who had not attended pre-school. There is positive linear relationship between early childhood education attendance rates and math as well as science performance in TIMSS 2015, but there is no such relationship in Turkey. Both in Tukey and TIMSS 2015 samples, there is positive and linear relationship between frequency of early literacy and numeracy activities before beginning primary school and math performance as well as science.
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This study intended to delve into productive classroom talk (PCT) typologies and sets of teacher discursive moves (TDMs) or talk moves supporting yielding dialogues in the context of teaching science. This study was arranged as an extended systematic review in which a content-based and thematically-oriented analysis of the selected works were carried out. Two frameworks; conceptual and technical, were invented and applied to the pooled studies. 67 research articles were selected from a larger pool and examined in a fine-grained manner. Five themes or indicators of the PCT were extracted. These are “clarity and intelligibility of the talks”, “critiques in the talk”, “accountability-justification-authority”, “intense discursively-oriented metacognitive activity” and “teacher as the discursive role model”. In addition, six sets of TDMs were extracted from the literature that are thought as supporting for the actualisation of a PCT indicator. These are “communicating”, “challenging”, “evaluating-judging-critiquing”, “monitoring-framing”, “seeking for evidence” and “modelling-rehearsing aspects of processes of science”. The relations between indicators of the PCT and supporting TDMs were reinterpreted by making concrete combinations and presenting in-class instances. It was concluded that several scholars worked through the generic lines of the PCT; however, within the examined studies, supporting TDMs were not attached to the productivity. One of the salient inferences of the present study is that whether science teachers hold a teacher-noticing pertaining the interrelations between the PCT and supporting TDMs. Several recommendations were offered for science teachers and science teacher educator particularly in terms of triggering and sustaining teacher-led noticing regarding rather sophisticated relationships the PCT and supporting TDMs. Practically, pedagogic noticing requires intentionality that is attainable in the presence of high quality professional development programs.
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In this study renewable energy sources in Turkey are prioritized by using fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process according to defined criteria. The 12 sub criteria that can be grouped under the titles of technical, economic, environmental and social has been considered among the effective ones in the renewable energy field. The alternatives of research are biomass, solar, wind, hydraulic and geothermal energy sources. The quantification of linguistic terms perform better with fuzzy logic in decision making problems for energy field. The fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process based on the Triangular Fuzzy Numbers is used in the research. The criteria are determined by the green environmental perspective as a part of sustainable development. Both Kwong-Bai and Quadratic Mean Methods was used to de-fuzzification of weights of alternatives. As the result of both methods, the order of priority of alternatives was obtained as solar, hydraulic, wind, biomass and geothermal respectively.
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This study analyzes the channel through which monetary policy has affected real economic activity in Turkey during 2011Q1-2018Q2. There is a novel monetary policy stance of the Turkish Central Bank (TCMB) from 2011 on, following the initiation of explicit inflation targeting in 2006. Within the framework financial stability is added to previous target of price stability and diversified interest rates and liquidity measures have been introduced as new tools along with classical short-term interest rate. Existence of interest channel has been tested by two causality methods, namely: Granger and Toda-Yamamoto. Results imply that interest channel is not operative in Turkey in the traditional and/or New Keynesian sense, but rather higher demand leads to higher prices (and vice versa) affecting interest rates in return. Findings do not comply with findings of the previous periods' studies that interest rate channel is effective in Turkey.
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Neoliberalism, After the Second World War; the social, cultural and economic dimensions of the policies carried out with the rise of the developmental tendency have gained importance. The fact that the national income accounts did not show the relations between the accounts so clearly caused the use of social accounts that show the relations between the accounts more clearly. In fact, many data are shown in a certain order with the method called social accounts matrix, which is the representation of social accounts in the matrix form. In the majority of studies developed in Turkey which use the social accounting matrix aim to create a database for computable general equilibrium models. There are fewer studies compared to other areas related to the social accounting matrix. The main reason for this is the problems occurred in publishing, sorting and harmonizing the data.
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With technology, a rapid change in health care practices have occured. In this review, it is aimed to emphasize the importance of technology for nursing education and to introduce some technology applications used in nursing education. The widespread use of technology in nursing services due to the need for nursing workforce affects nursing education. Both the increase in expectations in the quality of delivery of developing health services and the efforts to increase the competence of students have made use of technology in nursing practice a necessity. In the developing world of education, the use of technology is expected to serve as a bridge in the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice, which is the problem of traditional methods. Through these applications, students can see the result of the action by finding countless possibilities of experimentation, which has a positive effect on learning success. For an effective training that can adapt to rapidly changing education and maintenance technologies, a change process involving all parties should be planned. It is thought that the presence of the generation of educators and students who can actively use these technologies will have an important role in carrying the nursing profession to the future. In this review, the importance of the use of technology in nursing education and some of the applications of technology used in nursing education in the world are specified.
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The medical supplies used in the diagnosis, examination and treatment of patients are vital for healthcare organizations. Efficient, accurate and appropriate decisions must be made in the supply of materials that patients need. Hospitals must make decisions in accordance with certain laws and regulations when selecting material suppliers. However hospitals have a large number of suppliers and this makes it difficult to choose the appropriate one among them while taking into consideration the various criteria determined by laws and regulations. In this study, the AHP method which is one of the multiple criteria decision making methods was used to determine the most appropriate supplier decision for both patient and hospital. The study was conducted in the purchasing department of a university hospital in Niğde with the aim of selecting the most suitable suppliers among the medical companies from the point of view of the managers. At the end of the study, the criteria for selecting a medical company for a university hospital were determined and these criteria have been compared among the medical companies and a result has been achieved.
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The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cooperative learning method on the college students' understanding of auditing subjects. Semi-experimental method was used in the study. The study was carried out with 91 students who took auditing courses in Department of Accounting and Taxation and Department of Public Finance in Trabzon University Vakfıkebir Vocational School. 48 students from the first department were enrolled in the experimental group and 43 students were enrolled in the next department. While the experimental group students were taught using cooperative teaching method, the control group students were taught with a traditional approach (teacher centered). Academic Achievement Test “and” Jigsaw Opinion Scale (JOS) “were used as data collection tools. While the Achievement Test was applied to both groups as a pre- and post-test, the JOS was applied as a final test only to the experimental group. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the cooperative learning method did not make a statistically significant difference in terms of the college students' understanding of the auditing subjects compared to the traditional method.
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Maritime transportation has an increasing importance for global supply chains. The main element of the maritime transportation that can provide the opportunity to carry out transportation activities between two seaports is the marine vessels. Within this framework, proper ship selection can be defined as an extremely critical decision in the frame of the maritime transportation. The aforementioned selection can be defined as the multi-criteria decision-making problem due to decision alternatives concerning with ship selection are affected by various factors. In this study, the methodology of the Analytic Hierarchy Process is proposed as a systematic and structural frame that can be used as a mathematical model that can be used by decision-makers in the selection process of ships which use in the international logistics activities. This study is based on data that obtained from conducted meetings with experts who are senior executives or owner of maritime transportation companies.
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Timely, fast and reliable delivery of medicines from pharmaceutical warehouse to pharmacies is important for both parties. The aim of this study is to use AHP and TOPSIS methods to select the most suitable motorized courier for a pharmaceutical warehouse operating in the pharmaceutical sector. As a decision maker a specialist opinion was consulted who was responsible for the firm's personnel selection. Literature review and as a result of interviews conducted with the firm's personnel manager were defined five main criteria (technical competence, physical competence, social competence, professional competence and personal characteristics) and subcriteria. Weights of the main and subcriteria were determined using the AHP method. Motorized courier candidates were ranked separately using AHP and TOPSIS methods. Analysis results showed that the most and least important criteria for motorized courier selection were technical competence and social competence, respectively and “Courier 3” is the most suitable candidate according to both methods.
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E-retail applications have been rapidly adopted with the widespread use of internet and mobile technologies. However, the rates for the adoption and the use of shopping from online grocery markets, where fast-moving consumer goods are increasing much more slowly. It is important to examine the factors affecting the acceptance of these channels and risk perceptions in order to increase the rates of shopping from online grocery markets and to provide data to the emerging market structure. The conceptual framework of the study carried out for this purpose is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). In the study conducted by applying a survey to 402 individuals, it was found that facilitating conditions, habits, performance expectancy and time risk had a positive whereas psychological risk negative impact on the intention of shopping from online grocery markets.
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Probation and parole are intended as alternatives to incarceration for eligible offenders. In various European jurisdictions research studies indicated the importance of the offenders‟ perspective in supervision; however, the contribution of this factor is still unclear and underexplored. In the present study, we explored the offenders‟ experience of the supervision process, based upon the experience of 22 convicts. To understand the offenders‟ experience, we used the newly constructed tool, Eurobarometer, which measures eight core domains of offender supervision. The pilot study was conducted in Belgrade and was a part of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology initiative (COST) which was implemented in eight European jurisdictions. Results confirmed that the offenders‟ perception of supervision can be significant in various domains of offenders‟ life and that Eurobarometer can be significant in capturing that experience.
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