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Cel badań. Celem była eksplanacja przestrzeni społecznych metropolii, w jakich funkcjonują kobiety bezdomne. Metoda badań. Metodą jest wywiad nieustrukturyzowany, w którym samodzielnie dobiera się grupę badawczą ze względu na posiadane szczególne cechy.Wyniki badań. Każda z osób badanych była na innym etapie swojego życia, reprezentowały różne etapy bezdomności, posiadały inne doświadczenia. Przyczyny bezdomności kobiet: przemoc bliskich osób, utrata pracy, mieszkania, uzależnienia, załamanie planu życiowego. Wyznaczniki codzienności badanych to m.in. zdobywanie pieniędzy, spotykanie się z innymi bezdomnymi, spożywanie alkoholu. Kobiety bezdomne podlegają stygmatyzacji w wielu przestrzeniach społecznych: instytucjach, parkach, kościołach, centrach handlowych, itd.
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The development movements that emerged before the 1970s largely ignored the real and the potential contributions of women in the development process, and the situation which is seeing women as passive beneficiaries of development remained same both in the theory and policy area until the academic and the political interest that began in the 1970’s. The inclusion of women in the development process is closely related to the socialization of prosperity. It is one of the most important duties of the governments to ensure that all segments of the society participate equally and fairly in the development process and ensure that the high prosperity gained over time is optimal distributed to all segments of society. In this study, it is aimed to be revealed the importance given to women in the Turkey's development process. In this regard, the story of the inclusion of women in the development process from the historical perspective is addressed and the status of women in the Turkey's development process is analyzed depending on the policy approaches, within the context of five-year development plans. Although it is difficult to categorize clearly the relationship between policy approaches and development plans, it can be said that the first five development plans reflect a point of view of the Welfare Approach. The Sixth Development Plan bears the trace of both the Welfare Approach and the Women in Development Approach. The Seventh Development Plan reflects the perspective of the Equity Approach which is the original Women in Development Approach. The Eighth and the Ninth Development Plans considerably reflect the perspective of the Empowerment Approach. Finally, the Tenth Development Plan reflects the perspective of the Gender and Development Approach.
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Maryl frames the articles collected in this volume as examples of how the tools of literary studies can be applied to game analysis. While Polish Game Studies are aspiring for recognition as a field, the key issue is to make the general public aware that games (especially computer games) are not just fully fledged cultural texts worth exploring, but that they have also become an important way to participate in culture. This form of participation, Maryl suggests, will soon be crucial for understanding modern society.
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This article polemicizes with Katarzyna Marak and Miłosz Markocki’s critical outline of Polish game studies. The reviewers critique the way in which the book’s intention was put into practice. The main weaknesses in Marak and Markocki’s critical outline lie in their tendency to proposed general evaluations based on an incomplete and unreliable portrayal of Polish and international game studies; their premise that Polish reserach is by default inferior to research published in English, as well as a number of methodological shortcomings. The reviewers also suggest that the terminology that Marak and Markocki use in their description of digital games is inadequate; the term ‘ludology’ is applied in both its broad and its narrow sense; the relationship between the ludological and the narratological approach in game studies, the extent to which Polish game studies are unified, as well as the status of classical concepts of games.
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Organizational and economic approaches and problems of improvement of social inclusion of ATO participants and their families in Ukraine under socio-economic instability are studied. Methodology of productive involvement of this population group based on its socio-economic status and psychological peculiarities is developed. Level of implementatio of the developed legal and regulatory framework for rehabilitation and social protection of ATO participants and their families as the basis for achieving a decent level of their life and civic activation is evaluated. Current priorities of improving the activities of government and public structures, associated sectors of economy on optimizing the principles and forms of social inclusion of this category of population are determined.
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The paper focuses on the cultural policy of the City of Cracow, including its premises and priorities, in the light of the incentives and support provided by the EU programs. Using Cracow as a case study, I make an attempt to show to what extent the European Community has contributed to the Europeanisation of Polish cities by triggering changes in the perception of the role of culture in the development of regions, including changes in the aesthetics of public space, human capital development (talent support, development of the cultural sector staff, development of civil society), quality of infrastructure, and support for creativity and innovation, including the use of new media and new technologies in culture.
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The chapter is a kind of scientific essay investigating the consequences of the ancient principle do ut des (“I give, so that you may give”). Referring to various studies carried out over the centuries, the author does not solve the dilemma: is the opening up of the wealth scissors (especially in the modern world) beneficial or not? Perhaps, the humanity is approaching a new revolution which, in the opinion of its advocates, will restore the “natural order of things,” i.e. the “justice” that every poor person thinks about, whereas what they really mean is for the rich not to get “too rich.” Or, maybe it is exactly the opposite. Perhaps, the rich getting richer is in the interest of the poor, because it is the rich who come up with something that is in everyone’s interest.
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Due to the possibility of transmitting information with high speed and precision and acquiring a wider audience, the marketing communication of contemporary Polish cultural institutions should, to a large extent, take place with the help of online tools. A wide array of such tools dedicated to Polish cultural institutions is offered by Google. Therefore, this article aims to identify and analyse selected Google tools used by Polish cultural institutions for marketing communication and to assess the suitability of such tools.
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Nowadays the widespread use of free-of-charge information and communication technologies (ICT) make some products more accessible in the financial sector. Thus, current and prospective customers are given new tools to share information and to rate financial offers. However, there are noticeable differences in how consumers adapt to ICT. The main aim of the paper is to indicate changes in customer preferences with regard to the aforementioned sector of the economy. The study emphasizes the major advantages and disadvantages of traditional and modern tools, as perceived by clients. The centerpiece of the article is based on the authors’ empirical research focused on some new challenges faced by financial institutions, which occur in a dynamic market environment. The survey draws on a sample of 4034 bank customers. While transparency and loyalty are still recognized by clients as the major attributes of banks, the paper shows that present clients become much more critical and demanding. They prefer a customized offer.
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Processing of personal data has grown in importance in the recent years. The main reason was the development of the Internet, which contributed to development of information society. Because of it the information became a good as precious as gold. It helped disseminate information in a very short time to unlimited number of people. That is why information about people became so important. Information about our preferences allows to offer goods that meet our needs. Each day we receive information customized to our needs. But profiling is not the only source of information about us. The second one, probably more important and dangerous, is social media, which give us the possibility to give information about ourselves and share it with the rest of the world. Every day millions of people share information about their plans, visits, and meetings with friends. We know about them more than we can imagine. When asking people as to why they put this kind of information they often answer that these pieces of information are not confidential and there is nothing wrong about it. However, this is not always the case. All Internet users should be aware that information that seems insignificant to us can be very valuable to another person. For example in one company a friend put on the Intranet an information that she will be on a leave for two weeks from coming Monday. This information was very helpful to another worker who told this to his friends who were robbers. After her return the employee who boasted about holidays found her house robbed. So we never know which information is important or useful and for whom.
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Nadodrze is one of Wroclaw’s inner-city neighborhoods where many activities have been carried out since 2009 to revitalize the area. There were a number of reasons why Nadodrze was established as an area requiring support. These include mostly weak neighborly relations, hidden problems (family pathologies, domestic violence), high unemployment rates, spatial-functional maladjustment for disabled people, crime and vandalism. The costs related to the current rehabilitation activities are estimated at PLN 140.5 million. The area associated until the start of the program with disintegrating tenement houses, poverty and the phenomenon of social pathology is increasingly portrayed as a craft and artistic district. Due to long-term interventions connected with the renewal of this place, it was decided to analyze how the social practices of the inhabitants of the Nadodrze are developing. The subject of the analysis was the activity of the population of Nadodrze at their place of residence. The analysis was made on the basis of the research carried out as part of the Functional Analysis of the Housing Estate of Wroclaw – a scientific project that concentrated on carrying out broad, comprehensive, interdisciplinary research aimed at developing a description of Wroclaw settlements based on social, spatial and analytical components.
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Family business is all about business and family, understood also as a special case of work-life balance. Helping families creating a work-life balance is one of the main goals of family policies. But does it really work? Polish family policy has gone through some serious changes in the recent years. New instruments have been introduced and a large financial stream has been directed to families in order to facilitate work and childcare reconciliation. But does it really allow more activity for the mothers on the labor market? In order to answer this question this article examined the level of defamilialism in the Polish family policy, which allows parents (especially mothers) to stay active on the labor market, as well as the opportunities of staying active on the labor market by mothers in comparison to fathers. As a result it turns out that despite the equality and partnership objectives in the family policy strategic documents, there are no adequate family policy instruments. The main burden of childcare still remains on the shoulders of the mothers, who do not get enough support neither from the fathers nor from the state. To allow more activity of the mothers on the labor market, following things need to be done: strengthening gender equality measures in the labor market, promoting the partnership in childcare within the family, assuring flexibility of family policy instruments and supporting familialism and defamilialism of childcare of children age 1-3.
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The issue of diversity is becoming an increasingly important matter for many organizations. Many researchers, when defining diversity, refer to its primary (gender, a specific ethnic group, race, age, mental and physical capabilities and characteristics) and secondary (education, family status, work style, work experience, military experience, place and role in the organization, income level and communication style) dimension. The paper’s objective is to present two approaches to diversity represented by economic and humanistic management. While the economic paradigm aims at maximizing the company's profits, the aim of humanistic management is greater Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Therefore, in the perspective of economic management, diversity is treated mainly as a source of competitive advantage. In the perspective of humanistic management it is respect for human dignity. The paper is of theoretical nature. The research method applied in the paper is a review of the literature relating to humanistic and economic approaches in the arena of management and the literature relating diversity management.
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The development of e-government in the information economy leads to an increase in the use of mobile applications and online platforms to manage a growing number of areas within the public authorities. The use of information technology contributes, among others, to increase in social involvement in urban space management, as verified by the CiTTybialystok application example. Digitization of relationships facilitates bilateral contact, and does not serve, like the radio, television or the press, only to inform citizens about certain events or activities of the authorities. Using the available literature, the author analyzed data on the information economy, information technology, e-government and tools used in it, and on the basis of the case study – the use of the application as a communication tool for citizens living in urban areas. The article verified the validity of the claim about the increase in the use of information technology for conjugated contact: office - residents. The subject of the analysis was the functioning of the CiTTybiałystok application. In Bialystok there is a growing number of residents using electronic contact with the office. The digital channel contributes to improving the efficiency and increased response speed of city services. The use of the application results in better efficiency of urban space management.
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One of the most important elements of social and economic life is health along with its proper protection. The responsibility for organizing the healthcare system lies with the state authorities. Polish health care system over the years has undergone transformation which was the result of intervention by governmental authorities in order to cope with the current problems. Dynamically implemented changes in the functioning of health care negatively affected the entities participating in the system which manifests in an annual increase of total liabilities. The aim of the following article is to verify the effect of the impact of transformations of organizational and legal forms of medical entities from 2004 to 2016 on the state of public health liabilities. For the purposes of this article the following hypothesis was made: The application of transformations of organizational and legal form of SP ZOZ in 2004-2016 in order to improve the financial situation of medical entities fulfilled its role in short-term optimization of their debt in the voivodships which most often used statutory mechanisms. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis that in voivodships where the organizational and legal form of SP ZOZ was transformed into commercial law companies, the sum of public liabilities of the health sector in these voivodships was optimized.
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Economic conditions, demographic, historical and cultural led to the emergence of a variety of health care systems in the world. They differ funding rules, the scope of the benefits to be paid and the conditions for the acquisition of the rights to. Against this background, the article will not only present healthcare systems in selected countries, but also the existing models of health care. The article will explain the concept of health care model, used in the article as a tool for comparison of operating systems in different countries. The article will be considered the macro conditions that are strictly determined the designation and the ability to achieve the objectives of health, leading to the need to reform the system. Reform process is a difficult task due to the growing expectations of the population, demographic change and limited resources in the system.
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European funds are essential for socio-economic development of countries and regions, because they are supporting innovation, competitiveness and efficiency of the activities carried out by various entities including the regional and local authorities of different levels. Efficient use of resources favors the optimal use of the resources of the regions in the context of their sustainable economic growth and social development. The activity of the various regional and local authorities in the Podkarpackie Voivodship is diverse, as evidenced by the large variation in the number of projects carried out in the individual districts. In the 2007-2013 financial perspective, Ropczyce-Sedziszow district was among the counties with the largest number of projects supported by EU funds. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the use of European funds by the county government and their impact on the pace of economic development on the example of the Ropczyce-Sedziszow district. Particular attention is focused on projects in the following areas: road infrastructure, health care, environmental protection, and education. The analysis shows the use of funds in the framework of selected projects in 2004-2006, in the financial perspective 2007-2013 and in the current funding period. The main difficulties which were encountered during the implementation of projects and current priorities for action were also presented.
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Austrougarska uprava je 1886. godine u Livnu osnovala oglednu Poljoprivrednu stanicu, pri kojoj je uskoro otvorila i Poljoprivrednu školu. Cilj tadašnjih vlasti bio je naučiti ovdašnjeg seljaka kako da primijeni nove metode rada, zasnovane na znanstvenim dostignućima, da spozna kako veće i kvalitetnije proizvodnje (ni u ratarstvu, ni u stočarstvu, ni u voćarstvu) nema bez novih tehnologija. Livnjacima je tad bilo omogućeno da sve te inovacije vide u njihovoj konkretnoj primjeni na Poljoprivrednoj stanici. Mladićima je bilo omogućeno da u Poljoprivrednoj školi nauče kako se uređuje i vodi napredno seosko gazdinstvo. Učitelji, dovedeni iz raznih dijelova tadašnje prostrane Care vine (sve izvrsni ratari, stočari, voćari, sirari), poticali su svoje učenike da sve što su u školi i na Stanici vidjeli i naučili primjenjuju i na svojim imanjima. Stanica je uspješno ispunila svoju zadaću, napravila je veliki posao. Rezultati njezina djelovanja uskoro su se počeli uočavati i po livanjskim selima. Ti početni rezultati poslužit će kao uzor budućim generacijama kako nova znanstvena dostignuća treba svakodnevno u praksi primjenjivati.
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Sociology’s possible roles of producing knowledge and shaping society can suggest several different approaches to teaching. In our article, we conduct a macro-level review of sociology’s role in society. We touch upon the issue of value-free sociology (stressing scientific neutrality) and then refer to Burawoy’s programme of public sociology (advocating involvement in civil society) and its criticism. We connect this with the Hungarian experience which shows that while sociology was historically involved, to various extents, in shaping society by either legitimating or challenging the status quo, nowadays this function seems to be superfluous for the architects of political power. In such a social context, even the goals of improving students’ reflexivity and critical thinking might be seen as a political act.
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