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The phenomenon of sports betting is characteristic not only for the Republic of Macedonia, but also for all the other post-communist countries or countries in transition, such as Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria. One and a half decade after the fall of the socialist regime and the attempts to implement capitalism, we are witnessing the results of the change of one system with its opposite. On one side, a system of a very low economic efficiency, but with a sense of social security goes in history and on the other side, a system with very high economic efficiency, but with considerable shortcomings in the area of social security takes its place.According to the survey conducted by the Center for Research and Policy Making, 73.5% of the citizens with income lower than the Macedonian average place bets at the bookmakers.
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Svaka historija homoseksualnosti bi trebala početi suočavanjem dvije povezane, ali razdvojene problematike vezane za seksualnost. Na prvom mjestu se nalazi odnos “prirode nasuprot vaspitanja”. Naime, da li je preferiranje suprotnog spola, ili istog, rezultat genetske predispozicije ili je u pitanju vaspitanje? Bilo bi primamljivo, i suviše lako, odgovoriti kako je u pitanju vjerovatno kombinacija ovo dvoje te naprosto krenuti dalje. Kakogod, ovo je previše pojednostavljeno te ignoriše pravo pitanje postavljeno (i pretpostavljeno) ovom raspravom. Iako bi se moglo raspravljati o tome da je “priroda” (tj. genetika), primarni faktor pri određenju seksualne orijentacije, to ne znači da će se pojedinac ponašati u skladu sa “genetskom predispozicijom”. To znači da bi osoba mogla biti genetski sklona privlačneju istog spola, ali da ona tu žudnju sublimira, stupa u brak, ima djecu i nikada ne ostvari istospolni odnos. U ovakvim uslovima vlastita kultura, religija, zakoni i vrijednosti mogu dovesti do kratkog spoja u predispozicijama.
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Kada smo 2010. godine krenuli da radimo za i sa lezbejkama, gejevima, biseksualnim i trans* osobama, suočili smo se vrlo brzo sa činjenicom da su život i svakodnevnica ovih grupa u potpunosti nevidljivi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kroz rad sa zajednicom mnogo puta smo se uvjerili da su gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci diskriminirani na razne načine u heteronormativnom društvu. Sa druge strane, i u okviru same LGBT zajednice, određene grupe muškaraca se suočavaju sa predrasudama. Biseksualnost se često smatra nepostojanom i prelaznom fazom ka homoseksualnosti, a o transrodnosti, transeksualnosti i transvestiji se ponekad govori kroz podsmjeh i prezir i u okviru LGBT zajednice. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci su najčešće u BiH vidljivi samo u kontekstu nasilja i diskriminacije. Sarajevski otvoreni centar želi da učini vidljivim specifičnosti svake od ovih grupa muškaraca, da ih na taj način osnaži i pruži im prostor da ispričaju svoje priče o identitetima, različitosti, neprihvatanju ili prihvatanju, priče o svojim unutrašnjim svjetovima, maštanjima, žudnji, strahovima, stidu, strasti, slobodi, oprezu, hrabrosti i, konačno, coming outu. Upravo zbog toga je nastala i ova knjiga. 18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima predstavlja nastavak našeg nastojanja da dokumentujemo, prikažemo, i što široj javnosti približimo LGBT svakodnevnicu. Objavljivanjem knjige Više od etikete. O ženama koje vole žene početkom 2013. predstavili smo „žensku“ perspektivu, dok je ova knjiga njen „muški“ pandan. Knjiga se sastoji iz četiti dijela. U prvom dijelu Mladen Lakić daje pregled 15 intervjua, koje su Jozo Blažević, Feđa Bobić i Jasmina Čaušević vodili sa parovima i pojedincima. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci govore o svojoj seksualnosti, vezama i mnogim drugim aspektima nešto drugačije muške svakodnevnice. Nakon toga, u integralnoj formi predstavljamo intervju sa Mirnesom Kubatom Vanillom. Uvjerite se i sami zašto je ova priča jedinstvena. U trećem poglavlju donosimo lične coming out priče, dok nam u četvrtom dijelu Ivan Šunjić pruža prostorno-vremenski analitičko-teorijski pogled na seksualnost, identitete i proces kakav je coming out. Umjetnički radovi nešto drugačijih muškaraca – fotografije, slike i grafike, na vizuelan način upotpunjuju knjigu pričajući svoje priče. Takođe, u knjizi se nalaze i dokumentarističke fotografije slovenske fotografkinje Tanje Ristić, i na ovom mjestu joj se najtoplije zahvaljujemo što nam je ustupila svoj rad na korištenje. Kao inicijator ovog projekta, želim da se srdačno zahvalim svojim ko-priređivačima i priređivačici: Jozi, Feđi i Jasmini bez kojih ovaj projekt možda nikada ne bi bio realizovan. Zahvalnost dugujem i Mladenu na autorskoj obradi i uobličavanju obilnog i inspirativnog materijala koji su intervjui obezbijedili, te Ivanu na smještanju knjige u savremene teorijske okvire kroz svoj pogovor. Hvala i Dini na lekturi, te Feđi, još jednom, na prelomu i dizajnu knjige. I za kraj, želimo se zahvaliti i Fondaciji Planet Romeo koja je podržala nastanak ove knjige, te Ambasadi Norveške u BiH koja je finansirala štampu.
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Zbog dvostruke diskriminacije – na osnovu roda i seksualne orijentacije – kojoj su žene koje vole žene u BiH svakodnevno izlo- žene, te zbog nedostatka njihove vidljivosti, odlučile smo potaknuti proizvodnju lezbejske literature i umjetnosti, kako bi LGBT zajednica, šira javnost, te organizacije civilnog društva, posebno one koje se bave pitanjima ljudskih prava, dobile priliku da shvate svu složenost ženskih neheteroseksualnih egzistencija. Publikacija koja je pred vama zamišljena je kao prostor koji ispisuju priče o ličnim iskustvima žena, kroz razne forme - intervjue, prozu, fotografije, poeziju itd. Također, ona predstavlja i početak uspostavljanja specifične ženske, lezbejske vidljivosti kroz stvaranje sopstvenog znanja. Prvobitni naslov publikacije bio je Lične i coming out priče lezbejki i biseksualnih žena u Bosni i Hercegovini, ali kroz rad na analizi sadržaja samih intervjua, uvidjele smo da raznolikosti i fluidnosti identiteta žena daleko nadilaze ova dvije kategorije, te smo zato naziv preimenovale u Više od etikete – o ženama koje vole žene. Ova publikacija sastoji se iz tri dijela. U prvom dijelu se daje teorijski uvod u seksualne i rodne identitete, kao i u coming out proces. Drugi dio čini obimna analiza sadržaja intervjua, koja je preglednosti radi podijeljena u tri cjeline - Identitet(i), Coming out i Svakodnevni život. U trećem dijelu se nalazi književno-teorijski osvrt Merime Omeragić na jednu priču Lamije Begagić, te autentične lične i coming out priče, poezija i fotografije žena koje vole žene iz BiH, od kojih je većina željela ostati anonimna, zbog čega su koristile pseudonime, te stoga nisu navedene u impresumu. Nadamo se da će ova publikacija doći do što većeg broja osoba kako bi im omogućila višeslojni uvid u životna iskustva, uspjehe i probleme sa kojima se susreću neheteroseksualne žene u svojim životima u BiH. Želimo se zahvaliti Jasmini Čaušević za rad na analizi, Aidi Spahić za metodološke smjernice, te za intervjuiranje žena, zajedno sa Sadžidom Hadžić iz Fondacije Cure. Veliki volonterski doprinos pružila je Edina Sprečaković radeći na transkripciji intervjua. Posebno se zahvaljujemo svim ženama koje su pristale da budu dio ove priče kroz svoje priče i umjetnost, i na kraju ističemo da bez podrške i razumijevanja fondacije Kvinna till Kvinna ova publikacija ne bi bila moguća. Ohrabrujemo vas da nam pošaljete svoje pohvale i kritike!
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Publikacija koja je pred vama nastala je na osnovu druženja, učenja i saradnje Sarajevskog otvorenog centra sa transeksualnim i transrodnim osobama, budući da su se kroz intenzivan rad sama od sebe nametnula pitanja i problemi koji se tiču njihovog svakodnevnog života, tj. zdravstvenog, pravnog, društvenog i svakog drugog položaja u BiH. Posljednjih godina sve više transrodnih i transeksualnih osoba javlja nam se za razgovor, savjet ili pomoć. Uzajamnim radom sa neformalnom grupom Trans* BiH obilježili smo i javno se oglasili povodom svih važnih datuma za transrodne osobe. Također smo zajedno organizovali i regionalnu radionicu osnaživanja trans* osoba iz BiH i regiona, nakon čega je u junu 2015. godine uslijedila i prva regionalna konferencija u BiH „Dijalog o transrodnosti“ koja je okupila trans* osobe i stručnjake i stručnjakinje koje se bave ovom tematikom, a koje dolaze iz zdravstvenog, pravnog i civilnog sektora.
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The studies in the volume give a multi-layered sociological portrayal of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust who stayed in Hungary despite their experiences. The portrayal is based on concrete research and the “hard data” of a comprehensive survey. Such a thorough survey has never been undertaken before in Hungarian-Jewish history. The studies comprising the volume arose as the result of sociological research organised in 1999 by the Minority Research Institute of the Sociological Institute of ELTE University in Budapest. The various studies discuss, to a lesser or greater degree of emphasis, the Jewish populace or people of Jewish descent as a special group within the population. Through the dynamics of identity and difference, the authors (Róbert Angelusz, András Kovács, János Ladányi, Tamás Stark, Róbert Tardos) also examine the historical processes influencing the whole of society and determining the past half-century. Their inquiries cover the social and economic roles of Jews in contemporary Hungary, the factors establishing identity, and the broad range of its demographic and historical changes. The main question is, after all, the choice of identity; the possibility that arose after the change of political system has materialised, thus enabling social scientists to address openly the task of measuring Jewish identity and of interpreting the data received. We also publish all the associated statistical data, as well as the complete research material of the survey. In doing so, we offer to the academic and “interested” public a fundamental and standard work of social science and historiography.
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Spółdzielnie socjalne to jeden z rodzajów podmiotów gospodarki społecznej, który został wprowadzony do polskiego porządku prawnego w 2004 r. w celu przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu społecznemu. Organizacje te zalicza się do narzędzi aktywnej polityki rynku pracy, gdyż poprzez zatrudnienie osób zagrożonych ekskluzją społeczną dążą do ich reintegracji społeczno-zawodowej. Ma to na celu poprawienie zatrudnialności spółdzielców na otwartym rynku pracy w dalszych etapach ich karier zawodowych. Spółdzielnia socjalna to przedsiębiorstwo, które może działać w różnych branżach i konkurować z innymi podmiotami rynkowymi. Nie może jednak dobrowolnie dobierać pracowników, gdyż w większości muszą to być osoby z różnych powodów zagrożone wykluczeniem społecznym. Prezentowana monografia została napisana na podstawie badań weryfikujących skuteczność spółdzielni socjalnych w wypełnianiu ich głównego celu ustawowego, jakim jest reintegracja zawodowa osób zagrożonych wykluczeniem społecznym. Jest to interesujące studium stanu rozwoju spółdzielczości socjalnej w Polsce po dziesięciu latach od zaistnienia tej formy działalności w gospodarce.
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Income and consumption inequality increased in all transition economies, albeit to very different levels. The existing literature suggests that countries that were slow to undertake pro-market reforms experienced the largest increases in inequality, with the notable exception of Belarus, one of the least reformed ex-Soviet republics, that nevertheless has inequality comparable to the most advanced and least unequal transition countries of Central Europe. This paper studies the evolution of inequality in Belarus in 1995-2007, decomposes inequality by sources of income, and provides a comparison of Belarus and Ukraine, which suggests that the large difference in inequality is due to different income policies of the two countries: Belarus not only avoided mass privatization, but also kept many of the old-style Soviet social security features.
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The book presents disability as an interdisciplinary issue of interest to representatives of numerous scientific disciplines. It includes chapters on systemic solutions and policies in disability, the role and significance of institutions in the disability support system, society and communities towards disability and people with disabilities, the interactional dimension of disability, and disability as a personal experience. Apart from its scientific dimension, the publication also has a significant social value through its practical and applied nature. Hence, the proposed book is intended for representatives of the academic environment, first of all for sociologists and pedagogues interested in the issues of disability, as well as to practitioners involved in the provision of aid and support to this group of social welfare clients and to all those, who have any contacts with the disabled in the everyday lives, especially to relatives and family members of such individuals.
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The following collection of papers presents the results of the research project “Hate Speech - Hate Discourses and Attitudes Toward the Other”, funded by the Research Fund of the University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski" in the competition for "Young Scientists" projects in 2015-2016. The study sets itself the ambitious task of thematizing hate speech as a social phenomenon, which in different ways entails social actions of “doing” hate speech, and hence - (re)produces unequally distributed relations of power and domination over the Other. Our interest was provoked by the crisis, which escalated in Bulgarian society at the same time and which put on the agenda many acute problems related to otherness and diversity in the context of our coexistence “together”. Our initial premise is that the crisis in social interactions and in the ways of living in a shared world inevitably multiplies in the ways of discussing - explicitly or non-explicitly - the attitude towards the Other and the Different. Their negative practical formulation as unequal, stigmatized, dehumanized is reflected in discourse and discursive practices and underlies that "hater" speech, which we define as “hate speech”. In this way, the hater discourse problematizes the fundamental relationship “I - the Other”, constructing social oppositions and structuring positions of social exclusion and inequality.
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Detecting and countering disinformation grows increasingly important as social media sites have become a leading news source for most people. Efficient disinformation campaigns lead to negative real-world consequences on a global scale, both in politics and in society. Machine learning (ML) methods have demonstrated their potential for at least partial automatisation of disinformation detection and analysis. In this report, we review current and emerging artificial intelligence (AI) methods that are used or can be used to counter the spread and generation of disinformation, and briefly reflect on ongoing developments in anti-disinformation legislation in the EU. This overview will shed light on some of the tools that disinformation-countering practitioners could use to make their work easier.
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Centar za građansko obrazovanje (CGO) je, u okviru potprograma Jednake mogućnosti, prije gotovo dvije godine podnio Ustavnom sudu Crne Gore Inicijativu za ocjenu ustavnosti pojedinih odredbi Zakona o prekršajima ocjenjujući da se njima krše Ustavom zagarantovana prava građana/ki Crne Gore. Ustavni sud do danas o tome nije donio odluku, čime su hiljade naših građana/ki dovedene u poziciju nejednakosti pred zakonom, a vladajućim strukturama ostavljen nekontrolisan mehanizam zloupotrebe.
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Centre for Civic Education (CCE), within a subprogramme Equal Opportunities, has filed an Initiative to review the constitutionality of certain provisions of the Law on Misdemeanors to the Constitutional Court of Montenegro almost two years ago, assessing that they violate constitutionally guaranteed rights of citizens of Montenegro. Constitutional Court has not made a decision up to this date, allowing thousands of our citizens to be put in a position of inequality before the law, while the governing structures were left with uncontrolled mechanism of abuse.
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Mediji imaju ključnu ulogu u borbi za javno dobro i ostvarivanje ljudskih prava. Odabirom tema i načinom na koji o njima izvještavaju, utiču na kritičko sagledavanje stvarnosti i formiranje javnog mišljenja. Zbog toga je njihova uloga od posebnog značaja kada je u pitanju unaprjeđenje položaja osoba sa invaliditetom (OSI). Zakonska je obaveza medija da kreiraju raznovrsne i kvalitetne sadržaje za sve pojedince i društvene grupe, kao i da podstiču inkluziju osoba sa invaliditetom, ali se u praksi to ne reflektuje. Sporadičnim i neadekvatnim izvještavanjem o problemima ove grupacije, mediji diskriminišu OSI i u društvu zadržavaju stavove bazirane na stereotipima, predrasudama i stigmatizaciji. Prilikom informisanja o OSI, pred urednicima i novinarima otvara se mnogo pitanja - koji jezik primijeniti, a da se ispoštuju sve smjernice; kako pričati o OSI, a da invaliditet ne bude nosilac priče; kako izbjeći patetiku, a da priča ne izgubi emociju; kako zaobići senzacionalizam, a zainteresovati publiku; kako uopšte obrađivati teme koje se bave OSI? Ova publikacija, uz kratak osvrt na relevantne međunarodne i domaće propise u oblasti medija, kao i presjek istorijske promjene pristupa invaliditetu, daje smjernice za novinare i urednike koji izvještavaju o OSI i koji bi trebalo da budu nosioci transformacije društva. Ona sadrži i najznačajnije preporuke koje je važno ispoštovati da bi se iz dominantnog medicinskog modela pristupu invalidnosti prešlo na socijalni, koji je utemeljen na principima ljudskih prava i ostvarivanja jednakosti za sve. Takav pristup ima za cilj osnaživanje osoba sa invaliditetom i njihovo uključivanje u društveni, ekonomski, politički i kulturni život zajednice. Stoga je priručnik namijenjen i svima onima koji svojim radom i promjenom stavova žele da doprinesu takvoj transformaciji svijesti i rušenju predrasuda i stereotipa o osobama sa invaliditetom. Standardi, neophodni za razvoj društva utemeljenog na modernom konceptu ljudskih prava, postavljeni su u međunarodnim i domaćim dokumentima. Od predstavnika medija se očekuje da prepoznaju važnost svoje uloge, da zauzmu proaktivniji stav i da u moru tema nađu prostor za osobe sa invaliditetom, jer tako ispunjavaju i svoju obavezu da podstiču stvaranje jednakih mogućnosti za sve. Istinski inkluzivno društvo podrazumijeva i istinito, objektivno i potpuno izvještavanje o životu osoba sa invaliditetom.
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This monograph describes experiences of the world without home, which are the result of accompanying closely people experiencing homelessness by the researcher, her engagement in their everyday affairs and cooperation promoting changes. Each research involved a few-years participation and was a socially committed research. The aim of this publication is to present the signs of a stigma in the process of democratisation as well as the paradoxes that become a part of this process, as a result of social mechanisms of institutional help, perpetuated stereotypes and relations with those who bear the stigma. Here, homelessness has become an example allowing us to observe social and educational phenomena related to various social groups interacting at the intersection of two worlds: that of the ordinary and that of those bearing the stigma. The purposefulness of entering into mixed interactions as part of e.g. organisations or associations, as presented in this monograph, is an example of maintaining the stigma in its bearers and reveals a certain power play, entangled in seemingly noble ideas. The first chapter presents the ways of understanding the key theoretical categories in this work, i.e. those of homelessness and stigmatisation. In the second chapter the democratisation process is depicted together with the paradoxes involved. It directly discloses the mechanisms of exclusion and reinforcing homelessness, or instrumental treatment of the idea of creating associations. The third chapter presents an analysis of specific strategies used by people experiencing homelessness in order to adapt to the democratization process. The fourth chapter shows the democratisation process difficulties in the field of aid directed at the stigmatized.
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Social innovation serves to eliminate differences in society, so their goal is to influence and correct social change. They include new methods, services or approaches to problem solving than those currently introduced and serve to improve and improve the social environment. Social innovation is crucial for the economic and social development of society. Advocacy is an activity that seeks to influence political, economic or sociual decisions with to a positive change in policy, practice or attitude and involves direct access to decision makers at different levels. In the Czech Republic, the introduction of social innovation is supported by projects from the European Social Fund. The aim of the paper is to find out the possibilities of advocacy tools supporting social innovation possibilities of functioning and implementation into public policies in the Czech Republic. The research was based on a questionnaire survey on the implementation of advocacy work for selected implementers and applicants for support from the European Social Fund, focusing on the project of the City of Brno. The survey showed that advocacy has its place in innovation projects and further support and development of this tool is desirable. The limits currently being addressed by the entities are mainly related to the limited capacities, financial demands and relatively low knowledge of the tools they can use in the advocacy.
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Gender equality is a fundamental value in the overall mission of the European Union. It includes non-discrimination and equal opportunities for all, as well as affirmative measures for those who are disadvantaged. One of the challenging goals of gender responsive policies and programmes is to eliminate gender-based violence (GBV) in many political, social, economic and cultural contexts. As a global phenomenon, GBV is closely connected to gender-social norms and expectations and inequitable relations of power based on gender identities. UNIGEM project included 18 partner universities in the Balkans to initiate institutional changes and change organisational culture at the universities which must have zero tolerance towards GBV in its environment. At the very beginning of UNIGEM project, TPO Foundation conducted an extensive quantitative and qualitative research through surveys and in-depth interviews at 18 universities with the aim to explore gender (in)equality and GBV in these institutions.
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Discrimination in legal employment relationships involves the existence of differential treatment applied by the employer in violation of protected criteria established in the states’ national legislation to restrain or eliminate the use or exercise of employees’ rights. Discrimination involves the imposition of differentiation between employees, usually in comparable situations, and the application of identical treatment, even though they have different duties in the work process, with similar effects of excluding their rights. The article analyses multiple discrimination concerning the relevant European and national legislation, with reference to international and European regulations and relevant case law.
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Although the anti-discrimination policy promotes the elimination of any differences, ensuring equal opportunities for women and men to the same extent, the simple provision of these things in the legal norms is not able to ensure the intended effect of gender policies. There is a need for changing mentalities, for a greater assumption by women of the roles that equal chances and opportunities imply for them, in all areas of public or private life.
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