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The aim of this article is to show the necessity of integrated efforts of the state, society and a person in order to overcome the increase of drug using in the country, especially among young people. So on the basis of numbers and facts, the analysis of the present situation has been done. The investigation shows that drug using is increasing rapidly and attempts to stabilize it have failed. On the basis of this situation the another draws the presumption which could be the background for prevention and stabilization of the situation in the country.
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Our study included 30 pairs of siblings aged 12–18 years; one sibling with and one without conduct disorder in each pair. The aim of the study was to assess individual characteristics of those siblings, i.e. to determine differences in psychological characteristics of the siblings with regard to locus of control, stress coping strategies and frequency and structure of behavioral problems and emotions. The results suggested significant differences in individual characteristics of children with conduct disorder and their healthy siblings. These results mainly confirm previous results of foreign research on a sample of our population. Exception of findings was related to strategies for coping with stress: religious behavior that didn’t turn out as a protective factor and avoiding confrontation and withdrawal which are shown as a protective factor. These results suggest the importance of individual psychological characteristics for the occurrence of conduct disorders and have implications in therapy and in preventive work with adolescents.
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Wykorzystanie seksualne dziecka to jak wypalenie dziury w głowie, w emocjach, w pamięci. Do tego nie chce się wracać, ale to wraca. Największej odwagi wymaga powiedzenie przez ofiarę prawdy i zgłoszenie swoich krzywd, przejście przez tę bolesną drogę ponownie.
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Since the 70's of the previous century, the phenomenon of professional burnout is interested in an increasing group of researchers around the world. There is a lot of empirical evidence that burnout is a serious threat to mental health and the ability of workers to work. The aim of the conducted study was to find an answer to the question of whether there is a relationship between losses and gains personal resources among prison service and determining which of the resources gained or lost remain in relation to individual components of occupational burnout. The research sample comprised 98 employees of the Prison Service from the Warmian-Masurian, Podlasie, and Pomeranian Voivodships and Mazowieckie. The following research tools were used in the study: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) and the Profit and Loss Self-Assessment Questionnaire (based on the theory of Stevan Hobfoll). Data analysis showed that losses of hedonistic and vital resources correlate negatively with all burnout scales, and profits with cynicism. Internal resource gains depend on exhaustion and cynicism. Family resources turned out to be in relation to cynicism. Gains of power and prestige are positively related to all dimensions of occupational burnout. Economic resource gains remain dependent on a sense of achievement.
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People leaving prisons face a number of barriers in the process of their social readaptation,making it difficult to exist in an open environment and fulfill specific social roles.A stay in a prison results in the prisonization of the prisoner and disturbs the sense ofagency by limiting the possibility of making decisions and responsibility for them in variousspheres of their life. Learned helplessness develops. Convicts are often stigmatizedby society. This situation makes it difficult, sometimes impossible to return to functioningin an open environment, and to adapt again to independent living in society. Suchpersons require constructive and activating support in the process of their social reintegration,based on the use of their own potential, resources and possibilities. The applicablelaw (including the Act on Social Assistance) regulates the issue of providing supportto people leaving prison in the form of cash benefits and non-material assistance,basing its operation on the principle of subsidiarity. However, a problem that is still relevantand discussed by academics and practitioners in the field of social work and socialrehabilitation is the effectiveness of aid and activation measures and their impact onthe course of the aid process and the related social reintegration of the former prisoner.
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This paper shows the conceptions of restorative justice against the background ofthe idea of general justice. The author indicates to the relationship between theretributive and restorative approaches. By analysing the literature on the subjectmatter and criminal law, the importance of restorative justice practices and profitsthat bring to the offender, victim of a crime and for the local community.
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This article considers the problem of counteracting the illegal trade in wild fauna and flora in Poland, with special regard to the social control of supply and demand of wildlife. Both social control of the demand for wild fauna and flora and the control of the supply part of this phenomenon are burdened with certain drawbacks, by definition, integrated into both models. In order to effectively counteract illegal trade in wild fauna and flora, it is necessary to recognize the patterns of the phenomenon and to design a social and criminal policy in this area that will be an adequate response to both the supply of the phenomenon and its demand. The main aim of the project was therefore to present the results of qualitative research conducted with experts dealing with the phenomenon of illegal trade in wild fauna and flora in Poland.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the essence and statutory signs of an offense by blocking a telephone emergency number, as well as referring to the penalties for them. It was introduced to the Code of Offenses in 2017, and it happened at the initiative of the President of the Republic of Poland. So far, it has not been extensively analyzed by representatives of the science of criminal law in separate studies devoted to it, and therefore this study may benefit from the privilege of innovation using what was previously written about this offense. Criminal liability for them is to contribute to reducing the number of cases of fraud in this respect, which has been and is quite a lot, both by preventing them and by prosecuting them for such behavior. This offense is universal, intentional and punishable by detention, restriction of liberty or a fine. It is also possible to make a decision in connection with his committing. It is a pity that he was not dedicated to a separate editorial unit of the Code of offenses, somehow combining them with a false alarm offense. Prohibition of such behavior under the threat of criminal penalties should be assessed positively, with some doubts about the statutory features of this offense, including blocking itself, which should not be equated with blocking the emergency number. A longer time perspective is needed to assess its real role in reducing the scale of such abuse, but it is certainly needed in the system of offenses as offenses.
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The importance of criminal law is given by the urgent need to defend the essential values of the society on which it is based. Within these values a decisive place is occupied by the man regarded as the supreme social value; he must benefit from criminal protection in all its attributes: life, bodily integrity, health, physical and mental liberty, sexual inviolability, dignity, inviolability of home and correspondence. All the acts, actions or inactions which violate all the values mentioned above through their content are called criminal offences. According to what is presented further, we will carry out a comparative study between the legislation of the Republic of Moldova and that of Romania, regarding the essential features of the criminal offence as they are listed and described in the legislations of both countries. We express our opinion concerning the four essential features of the criminal offence: social danger, illegality, guilt, liability for criminal punishment.
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The development of legal subjects in corruption has been changing. If formerly the punishment is only burdened to the subject of a person, now the legal entities, including corporation, are also burdened with the penalty. This study aimed to understand and analyze the liability of a corporate in its criminal act based on the return of state financial losses. The methodology used in this study was juridical normative (legal research) using statue and conceptual approach. The results showed that, conceptually, the return of state financial losses can still be done even though there are still some obstacles in terms of procedural or technical structure. However, the fact is criminal acts in the form of state money are not only received or enjoyed by the defendant, but also by the third party(non-defendant). Therefore, the penalty in the form of replacement money can be applied for corporate. Replacement money is one of the additional criminal penalty in corruption case that must be paid by the convict to the state with the amount as much as the property obtained from the corruption. In summary, an accurate and effective legal method or instrument is needed to return the state’s financial losses.
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Public procurement processes are riddled with corruption and scandals; in some instances, such corrupt activities are difficult to detect. Thus, this article report on the study that was conducted in Limpopo Province, South Africa on public procurement corruption. The aim of the study was to identify forms and determinants of public procurement corruption that were common in the province and to develop intervention strategies that would combat the scourge of corruption. The study adopted a qualitative content analysis approach to collect and analyse data. The computer assisted software analysis package-NVivo 11 pro™- was used to analyse data. Data was collected from the analysis of 5 journal articles and 40 newspaper articles from Sowetan Newspapers and Polokwane Observer. The study adopted a 4-year longitudinal study analysis, from 1st of January 2013 until the 31st of December 2016. The method employed the word count, word cloud, and word tree queries. Concepts and terms such as fraud and bribery were some of the concepts probed to arrive at conclusions. The study concluded that political interference, officials’ tendencies of contravening rules and regulations caused public procurement corruption. The study further employed the principal agency theory to recommend that there should be a rotation of officials, and transparency in procurement processes.
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The article presents currently used methods of executing capital punishment in comparison to other legally and socially accepted life deprivation methods such as abortion or euthanasia which are permissible under international law, or under domestic law provisions. The article begins with presenting international law regulations in the area of possibilities of death penalty use in domestic legal systems. The second part of the article concentrates on characterising most commonly used methods of execution. Next, the author goes to description of different types of abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures and compares them to chosen death penalty execution methods. In the conclusion part the author proves both of his hypotheses: 1) Some execution methods may be considered humane ones. 2) Some of currently used methods of executing are not less humane than abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures.The article presents currently used methods of executing capital punishment in comparison to other legally and socially accepted life deprivation methods such as abortion or euthanasia which are permissible under international law, or under domestic law provisions. The article begins with presenting international law regulations in the area of possibilities of death penalty use in domestic legal systems. The second part of the article concentrates on characterising most commonly used methods of execution. Next, the author goes to description of different types of abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures and compares them to chosen death penalty execution methods. In the conclusion part the author proves both of his hypotheses: 1) Some execution methods may be considered humane ones.2) Some of currently used methods of executing are not less humane than abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures.The article presents currently used methods of executing capital punishment in comparison to other legally and socially accepted life deprivation methods such as abortion or euthanasia which are permissible under international law, or under domestic law provisions. The article begins with presenting international law regulations in the area of possibilities of death penalty use in domestic legal systems. The second part of the article concentrates on characterising most commonly used methods of execution. Next, the author goes to description of different types of abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures and compares them to chosen death penalty execution methods. In the conclusion part the author proves both of his hypotheses: 1) Some execution methods may be considered humane ones.2) Some of currently used methods of executing are not less humane than abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures.The article presents currently used methods of executing capital punishment in comparison to other legally and socially accepted life deprivation methods such as abortion or euthanasia which are permissible under international law, or under domestic law provisions. The article begins with presenting international law regulations in the area of possibilities of death penalty use in domestic legal systems. The second part of the article concentrates on characterising most commonly used methods of execution. Next, the author goes to description of different types of abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures and compares them to chosen death penalty execution methods. In the conclusion part the author proves both of his hypotheses: 1) Some execution methods may be considered humane ones.2) Some of currently used methods of executing are not less humane than abortion and permissible euthanasia procedures.
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Geografski položaj Bosne i Hercegovine, na raskrsnici puteva od Istoka prema Zapadu, čini ju pogodnom za tranzit migranata na putu prema državama Zapadne Europe. Bosna i Hercegovina se krajem 2017. godine susrela s masovnim pokušajima nezakonitih prelazaka državne granice, a trend nezakonitih ulazaka (i pokušaja nezakonitih ulazaka) pojačan je 2018. godine i nastavio se do danas, posebno u ljetno vrijeme i u boljim vremenskim uvjetima. Veliki broj migranata koji su u tranzitu i koji su se zadržali na teritoriju Bosne i Hercegovine stvorio je ozbiljan izazov za državu s ograničenim institucionalnim kapacitetima za rješavanje migrantske krize. U ovom radu opisana je migrantska kriza, i krijumčarenje migranata, kao jedan od najvećih izazova s kojima se susreće Bosna i Hercegovina, pri čemu Granična policija BiH ima jednu od ključnih uloga prilikom rješavanja ovog sigurnosnog problema. Ujedno, prikazan je broj migranata koji su od 2015. do 2021. zatečeni u nezakonitom ili pokušaju nezakonitog prelaska državne granice. Opisana je, ukratko, i uloga Granične policije u borbi protiv nezakonitih migracija, kao i problemi i loši uvjeti pod kojima rade policijski službenici za vrijeme migrantske krize. Na kraju je iznesen i prijedlog mjera koje bi se trebale primijeniti kako bi se povećala učinkovitost kontrole državne granice, s naglaskom na jačanje kapaciteta Granične policije i uključivanje svih razina vlasti u rješavanje ovog sigurnosnog pitanja.
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The migrant crisis and the smuggling of migrants have been described here as one of the biggest challenges facing Bosnia and Herzegovina. Border Police of Bosnia and Herzegovina is playing a key role in resolving this security problem. At the same time, the number of migrants who were caught illegally or attempting to cross the state border illegally from 2015 to 2021 is shown in this article. It briefly describes the role of the Border Police in the fight against illegal migration, as well as the problems and poor conditions under which police officers work during the migrant crisis. Finally, a proposal for measures to be implemented to increase the effectiveness of state border control was presented, with an emphasis on strengthening the capacity of the Border Police and involving all levels of government in addressing this security issue.
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This paper aims to outline possible directions of criminal activity that are part of both state and global economic crime. It is not a novelty that periods of economic crises carry particular criminogenic potential, affecting the scale and dynamics of specific crime categories. The ongoing pandemic makes precise data collection or statistical calculations, in the context of the problems described in this paper, difficult. Nevertheless, at this stage, it is possible to indicate certain areas which, from the perspective of criminal law, should be of interest for criminal law specialists, but also criminologists aiming to develop tools to combat the most serious pathologies in business trading.
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Insurance crime makes is difficult to interpret and measure the scale of undisclosed crime. In the insurance industry, the perpetrator can easily craft a false claim by simulating, for example a traffic accident, injury, or property damage. This causes difficulties in the evidential process and measuring the scale of the phenomenon. The aim of the article is to analyse the phenomenon of the dark number of insurance crimes. This paper includes the analysis of the definition of the term ‘dark number’ and other factors, such the degree of market development, the effectiveness of detection, the level of insurance awareness, and the dimension of social consent in Poland and selected European countries. Defeating the problem of insurance crime and estimating the dark number of insurance crimes requires taking into account the specificity of individual markets and types of insurance. We prove that effective measurement and reduction of a dark number of insurance crime is not possible without the constant updating of knowledge about the phenomenon of insurance crime and the use of advanced IT tools.
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The insights about the families of children with socio-behavioral disorders come, as a rule, from experts and they are tinted with their perspective, theories and knowledge. On the other hand, this paper deals with the relation of the importance of user participation in the needs assessment process and the planning of further resocializing interventions of young people with the imposed corrective measure of enhanced supervision by a guardianship authority in social work centers, which is in the socio-pedagogical domain. The survey covered 20 respondents, young people with imposed corrective measures, who showed different forms of predominantly active socio-behavioral disorders within a period of six months. This research is based within the area of qualitative and quantitative methodology, as is the analysis of its data. In a semi-structured interview, young people spoke about different areas and topics from their lives, including the experiences and attitudes about their own families. Within the Repertory grid, one of the instruments used in the theory of personal constructs, descriptive statistics and quantitative data analysis approach were applied. While talking about their families, the respondents, despite their not so functional relationships at home, make their families more idealistic and have the need to normalize their family relationships. The respondents highly appreciate their families and perceive them as an important support. The outcomes of the survey are both a valuable contribution to the explanation of the causes and reasons for the occurrence of these behavioral forms, and also an important basis for cooperation in the development of social support networks.
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Cilj rada je predstaviti osnovne značajke prvog bosanskohercegovačkog modela informacijske pismenosti tzv. Modela prožimanja komponenti i način njegove primjene u okviru izbornog predmeta Bibliotečkoinformacijske baze u četvrtom semestru školske 2012/2013. godine na smjerovima Kriminologija i Sigurnosne studije Fakulteta za kriminalistiku, kriminologiju i sigurnosne studije. Model prožimanja komponenti okvirni je model informacijske pismenosti nastao u akademskom okruženju, ali omogućava kreiranje programa informacijske pismenosti prema potrebama različitih nivoa obrazovanja i različitih znanstvenih disciplina, kao i inoviranje načina njegove implementacije. U školskoj 2012/2013. godini u okviru pomenutog predmeta, Model je poslužio za kreiranje programa informacijske pismenosti na način koji će biti predstavljen u radu.
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The present paper is a brief analysis of the crimes included in the group of counterfeiters in Romanian law. In the analysis, we have insisted on highlighting the tradition of incriminating this kind of deeds, a tradition that materialized in the provision of this group of crimes starting with the Criminal Code of 1864, continuing with the Criminal Code Charles II and the Criminal Code of 1969. Regardless of the political regime, the Romanian legislator continued to defend through criminal law these values, which in their essence led to increasing the trust of citizens in documents issued by state institutions or documents emanating from other entities. Out of the desire to present a paper through which we examine the current legal provisions, we have also considered highlighting the amendments and completions brought to some incriminating texts in Chapter I by Law no. 207/2021.The paper will be included in a criminal law course to be published in the future in volume IV at Universul Juridic Publishing House. Given the addressed topic, the paper may be useful to students of the country's faculties, as well as to practitioners in the field.
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