Polen - Das ist Sklaverei
Edward Lipiński sandte im November an General Jaruzelski anläßlich der Ermordung von Jerzy Popiełuszko folgenden Brief.
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Edward Lipiński sandte im November an General Jaruzelski anläßlich der Ermordung von Jerzy Popiełuszko folgenden Brief.
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The work is a confronting of the phenomenon of – societies with a mission – as in Enver Hoxha’s Communism, with the question of the traitor. In fact, it is a blend of irony and interpretative and theoretical deliberation upon the “lack” of traitors in our collective, this having for a background the recent collective confusion raised upon the “treason” of Martin Camaj and Ernest Koliqi, two key figures of Albanian struggle against this regime, since the initiation of the very same regime. The work takes for an interpretative and theoretical basis three key fiction novels connoting the complex of the traitor and the society with a mission, confronting this phenomenon.” The Journey to The End of The Night” Ferdinand Louis Celine; “Vajza e Agamemnonit” (Agamemnon’s Daughter) Ismail Kadare; “Pasardhesi” (“Successor”) Ismail Kadare. The work is concluded by e graduation of these three fictions to an anti-heroic reality.
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The article systematises the previously unknown aspects of the biography of the Russian peasant Ivan Krivozertsev (1915–1947), who was the most important witness of the Katyn massacre after 1945 until the disclosure of this crime in the 1990s. The article presents details of the repression and death of the witness’s father, currently available information about his family, escape from his place of residence, complete testimony to the Polish authorities and writers, and the investigation undertaken after the unexplained death of Ivan Krivozertsev. The article’s subject is also the legal analysis and verification of testimonies made by Ivan Krivozertsev, the assessment of the witness’ motives and the reconstruction of the witness's character in connection with the recently made feature film.
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The paradox of the terrorism: it comes from within us and it is us who need to suffer in the end. Why? Because terrorism is not only the evil that threatens the society, but also the evil that comes from within us, from the obssesive fanaticism of the human being, from the obsession of power, of punishment, of revenge, these visions which darken even the brightest minds. Terrorism is regulated in the national legislation mainly by the Law 535/2004, regarding the prevention and the combat of the terrorism, in addition to which there are the international regulations, firstly stated by the Convention from 1937, regarding the prevention and the repression of the terrorism, adopted by the Nations League. These international regulations have developped through a multitude of conventions, resolutions and statements of the United Nations Organization. The vulnerability of the society facing this phenomenon is beyond question, but do we currently really know the level of this vulnerability, its risks or the climax? Are we really capable of finding viable remedies and an efficient treatment? Trying to fiind potential answers to these questions, I fiind of paramount importance to draw the attention, besides the national and international regulations, on the historical aspects of this phenomenon and on the psichology behind the concept of terrorism. I have used the historical-teleological method in order to highlight the evolution of terrorism, the transformations that have occured and the extension of this phenomenon. In order to determine the psychological causes and to establish a connection between the theoretical and the practical aspects, I will be using the logical method. I addition to that, I will be presenting the reaction of the society by adressing two open questions to some people of different ages and with different professions: ”What do you think are the causes of terrorism? What do you consider to be the cure for this phenomenon?” I firmly believe that the answers to these questions will be extremely useful because the fact that society has not enough knowledge about this topic will negatively influence the possibility of finding a real cure and the result will be that we will become more and more vulnerable. In the bottom lines of my essay I will be presenting the world of terrorism through the eyes of the ones that are considered the main suspects and the ones who cause this phenomenon, the islamic people. It is time we found aut how they see us. By comparing the two outlooks we can identify the main vulnerabilities of the society and we could fiind the most efficient cure for terrorism.
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The evaluation of transitional justice processes has focused on assessing their effectiveness and efficiency with regards to attaining the objectives they were designed for. By focusing on positive or neutral effects, research has not yet systematically examined instances, where transitional justice processes had negative effects on the processes’ objectives. This article proposes to assess the effects of transitional justice through a risk perspective, which allows to incorporate the possibilities of both positive and negative effects on the referent object of their objectives. Using empirical examples from historical transitional justice processes, this article then proceeds to outline some of the mechanisms through which a transitional justice process can negatively impact the objectives it was designed for. This risk awareness contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of transitional justice processes and the article advocates to take possible risks into account when designing new processes.
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The children have been from the beginning of times the most vulnerable group whose constant protection has been needed. Now also state institutions and international organisation comes into the play in this field and they set rules in order to protect the children. It is possible to find countless of provisions serving for their protection, but only when the profound research is conducted. Even though they are the most vulnerable, they have also the most silent voice. The failing of a protection from a side of the institutions is quite visible at the times of ongoing armed conflict. This essay discusses the issue of child victims of armed conflict and is specifically focused on the situation during the Yugoslav wars. That does not mean, that in other countries and during other armed conflict there were no child victims. There were and there still are atrocities happening to the most silent ones of us and something should be done to change that.
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In this study on “Genocidal anti-Bosnianism”, five elements of anti-Bosnian ideology are looked at with reference to past and potential genocides: (1) orientalism and self-orientalization and Turkification and self-Turkification as applied to the Muslim section of the Bosnian people; (2) the ideological justification of the war against Bosnia and her people by reducing it to a Civil War; (3) the ideological inversion (and so undermining) of any potential politically conscious Bosnian identity (Bosnianhood); (4) the means and mechanisms for anamnesis in understanding the genocidal anti-Bosnian project; and (5) psychological and epistemological shortcomings in current research into genocidal ideologies. In the author’s view, this analysis at least suggests potential ways to overcome our failure to come to terms the present and future threat of genocide and other crimes being repeated.
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This paper offers a unique longitudinal qualitative perspective on a group of women maintaining desisting pathways in two different European countries: Sweden and England. Applying a social and emotional capital framework, with particular attention given to the friend and family connection, the paper aims to unveil how a resource perspective can enable a more nuanced view of the role of overlapping female identities and network management, the paradoxes of trust within these, and experiences of stigmatisation and emotional expenditure in female desistance narratives across time and space. The crossnational perspective brings to light the importance of situating the desistance process in the particular context in which it plays out, making visible how narratives may be structurally mediated by wider social, cultural, penal – and gendered – conditions and processes. These insights may, in turn, contribute to the identification of desistance support that have the potential to make female desistance paths less socially and emotionally costly.
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Having offered a short presentation of the phenomenon of pornography, in particular its common, yet ominous presence in the means of social communication, the paper focuses on the analysis of the relationship between pornography and sexual violence. By employing theories of family violence and especially, theories of sexual violence, the paper examines connection between pornography and sexual violence, analyses offsetting »pro et contra« views concerning this interrelation, and possible interests lying behind contrary arguments. The paper proceeds with a detailed analysis of the document issued by the Pontifical Council for Social Communications »Pornography and Violence in the Communications Media«, followed by an anthropological and ethical analysis of the relationship between pornography and sexual violence. The deceit and deception of the dilemma lies in the fact, the paper concludes, that pornography and sexual violence are not only in a causal relationship, but these are two very similar phenomena, almost the same by (their) nature and content, the result of the same mentality and culture with the same devastating effects on a person and person’s sexuality.
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This paper discusses the presence of genocide and the persistent threat and possibility of its new eruption in Bosnia. Statements about this, not only in public policies, are dangerous but their more or less subtle involvement in educational programs guarantees the mentioned possibility of a new eruption in the future. Bosniaks are usually advised with bad intentions to look ahead and not inwards as a kind of sleeping pill, i.e. anesthesia before amputation. The paper discusses what to do with Serbian ethno-religious nationalism in this context? What kind of ideology is that? What is the Serbian identity like after 1995? How are the contrasts between “us” and “them” painted, and what should be the response of Bosniaks to such challenges? What to do next and how to move on?
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The aim of the conducted research is the perception of football in a chain of fan violence, with a special overview of the reporting of the media as social subjects whose task is to encourage other agents of the society to understand more seriously the problem and to respond more efficiently to violent and hooligan behaviour of football fans. By connecting theoretical findings and empirical data, the paper examines, within the subject of research in the media context, the examples of fan violence at football stadiums before, during and after football matches. The conclusion is that only with organized social action of all agents, in particular media, a solution to the problem of violence and hooliganism can be reached.
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The review of: The Muslim Resolutions: Bosniak responses to World War Two Atrocities in Bosnia and Hezegovina, editors: Hikmet Karčić, Ferid Dautović and Ermin Sinanović, translation: Desmond Maurer, Hikmet Karčić, Center for Islam in the Contemporary World at Shenandoah University, Institute for Islamic Tradition of Bosniaks, Sarajevo/Virginia, 2021
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Review of: Joanna Ostrowska, "Oni. Homoseksualiści w czasie II wojny światowej", Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, Warszawa 2021, pp. 362
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Hidden migrant routes through Croatia lead through forest areas (among other types of terrain) which include those along state borders, but also forests in the interior of the territory. Those forests can variously be seen as shelters for migrants, albeit harsh, or as green tunnels leading to desired destinations, and as scenes of suffering and violence. This article approaches the forests in question as landscapes that have been transformed from a neutral natural environment into active factors for creating and maintaining border control regimes and deterring and expelling unwanted migrants. Based on our long-term field research and publicly available (archival, media and other) sources, we seek to document, interpret, and interconnect the objects and practices involved in constructing the forest as a hostile terrain and perilous environment for migrants, and as an important element in controlling unwanted migrations. These are, on the one hand, objects and practices that intervene into forests, such as setting up cameras or cutting down trees, and, on the other, interventions that take place in forests, such as police interception or expulsion. Apart from these external interventions, in this context of remodeling forests into dangerous environments, one can also discuss the role of nature itself and its characteristics, as well as the causes of why migrants find themselves in nature in the first place. Although, at first glance, it seems that people on the move choose the forest as the place and route of their movement of their own volition, they are pushed and expelled into these forests by exclusionary policies (visa regimes, asylum systems, etc.). This, ultimately, classifies forests in Croatia as weaponized landscapes of exclusion and death, such as the desert (e.g., De León 2015), mountain (Del Biaggio et al. 2020), maritime (e.g., Albahari 2015) or archipelago (Mountz 2017) landscapes.
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A number of effective treatments are available for children and young people who have developed various forms of psychological difficulties as a consequence of traumatic experiences. The aim of this paper is to review the therapeutic approaches employed when working with children who have been exposed to various forms of abuse and neglect during their childhood. This paper provides relevant information to psychotherapists and counsellors on new trends in therapy, as well as techniques and possibilities in interventions in this field, not only with respect to traumatised children, but also family members and other caregivers involved in the child’s life. Furthermore, this paper reviews the therapeutic interventions used to treat emotionally, sexually, and physically abused children, neglected children, children who have witnessed domestic violence, and children who have been exposed to multiple forms of abuse.
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Two Romanians, one of whom was a gendarme, renounced honor and dignity, being drawn by the mirage of big financial gains. They were convinced to blow up railways, bridges, and trains with Romanian and Russian soldiers, but they were discovered, arrested and sentenced to death. Their execution was public and was a parable for all those who had such intentions.
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The paper is divided into two parts to facilitate a clearer understanding of different aspects of the violent death of previously abused female victims. The first part offers a brief overview of the most recent phenomenological conclusions on violence ending in death and explains the need to focus on gender differences in homicide victimisation. A bulk of research has confirmed that most women are more vulnerable to homicide within home and that the lethal outcome is an escalation of previously experienced abuse. In order to contribute to a more in-depth study of female intimate homicides, the authors focus on a variety of definitions and draw a clear line between the term femicide and the aggravated murder of a closely related person. In the second part of the paper, the authors have analysed the case-law of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia in which the perpetrators were found guilty of the criminal offence of aggravated murder of a closely related person (Art. 111, Para. 3 of the Criminal Code) in the period from 1 January 2013 to 1 June 2020. The research primarily focused on the circumstance of previous abuse, especially on the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator, the duration and frequency of abuse, and the reaction of the environment and competent authorities in cases where they knew about the abuse or when it was reported.
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Excessive and uncontrolled use of the internet while neglecting other agents and aspects of socialization with the lack of awareness of the risks of this use, negatively affects the proper psychosocial development of young people, it can also negatively affect the strengthening of their competencies and general alienation. The aim of this research within the project of the Federal Ministry of Education and Science, significant for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was realized in 2019 in the Tuzla Canton, Central Bosnia Canton and Sarajevo Canton, was to investigate and establish the frequency and risks of improper and uncontrolled Internet use and their connection with certain forms of disorders in behaviour. The research was conducted on a sample of 333 high school students in these cantons, both genders, aged from 15 to 19. The results showed that 92.2% of students have access to the internet and that they use it every day mainly for the purpose of chatting and entertainment. Students are generally not sufficiently familiar with the dangers and risks of the internet. 8.7% of students experienced cyberbullying, which resulted in various manifestations of stress reactions. 1/3 of the respondents are not sufficiently aware and responsible when communicating/chatting and in the same proportion neglect their regular obligations due to uncontrolled use of the internet. The results of our research are significant in terms of providing a more detailed insight into the researched issues and facilitating the provision of recommendations and guidelines for improved solutions, as well as for possible further research.
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This article portrays the basic structure of the Territorial Defense of the Western Slavonia SAR during 1991 and the circumstances of its disappearance during the end of that year. Territorially speaking, this defense covered the area from Gradiška – Novljana Posavina to Bilogora and Papuk mountains. However, keeping in mind that the Janković magazine primarily covers the middle and northern portion of Western Slavonia, the article will not show the defense structures in the Gradiška – Novljana Posavina itself. Also, the defense structures mentioned here persevered, unlike those in the north, which were destroyed as a result of Croatian victories. As was the case of SARs in Krajina, the Western Slavonia SAR had the TD, along with the police, as the basic military organization of rebelled Serbs.
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The article examines the topics that are discussed in the feminist Internet communities of the Republic of Ingushetia. Over the past three years a number of feminist communities have emerged in the North Caucasian segment of the Internet. Typically most republics of the North Caucasus Federal District have just one such community each, while in Ingushetia there are three such communities. The content analysis of the posts of these communities allows us to conclude that there is a growing socio-cultural gap between genders. We can also say that many women are not willing to live in accordance with the ideas of traditional society. Violence against women is being discussed more and more often, and the stigmatization of this topic is gradually disappearing. Traditional family relationships do not fit into the modern realities of life, and some women do not want to marry representatives of their nationality at all. An increase in the number of divorces, a decrease in the number of marriages and a decrease in the birth rate indicate a change in the demographic situation in the region, which is still considered a stronghold of the patriarchal traditional family.
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