Viktimitet starih ljudi
The review of: „Viktimitet straijih ljudi/ The Victimology of Elderly People“ by Miomira Kostić; Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Centar za publikacije, Socijalna misao, Beograd, 2010, str. 247
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The review of: „Viktimitet straijih ljudi/ The Victimology of Elderly People“ by Miomira Kostić; Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Centar za publikacije, Socijalna misao, Beograd, 2010, str. 247
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The global population aging highlights the problem of social exclusion of older people from all spheres of societal life, including from the social protection system. In R. Macedonia, also undergoing the process of demographic population aging, legislation in itself does not exclude older people from the social protection rights on any basis: nationality, gender, age, rural or urban belonging. However, the practice evidences situations of limited or impeded access to the social protection rights. The overriding obstacles are: complex administrative procedures and unsettled family relations (parents-children relations) that are quite often requirements for enjoyment of a specific social protection right. The lack and the underdevelopment of the forms of social protection anticipated by Law (such as home care and assistance, day care, foster care) results into older people having often only normative, but not concurrently a real access and possibilities to use those services. This situation imposes the need to overcome and eliminate the existing barriers in the practical implementation of the legislative regulations; to promote new forms of protection (non-institutional in the first place); as well as to develop and diversify the pension system in terms of introducing public and private pension schemes to cover diverse social services expenses that may occur in old age.
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This paper analyzes the continuing education of the elderly in relation to: the need, coverage, availability, quality secured, and obstacles in achieving what is defined by the laws in the education system. Education of the elderly should lead to significant progress on eradicating of poverty and overcoming the problems of the elderly in the systems of social protection, labor market / unemployment, health care which are leading to further social exclusion. Differences in education of the old population are source of status differences in later life. Exclusion of older people from continuing education is specifically expressed in those with incomplete primary, i.e. secondary education, and poorer people as well as people from rural areas. This opens space for the further exclusion of the elderly.
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The initiative for establishing the Third Age University in the Republic of Macedonia arose from the conclusion of the public debate on the topic: Education for Life in the Third Age, which was held on December 17, 1998, in the city of Skopje, where Prof. Dr. Laksinsky conveyed the experience of the third country universities: Poland, France , Slovenia and other countries.
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Care of the elderly in private institutions in the Republic of Macedonia Macedonia has a brief history, however, we believe that social work has built up a solid professional experience. In the direction of these achievements, the Rulebook on the norms and standards for establishing and starting the work of the institutions for social protection for the elderly is included, which obligatorily includes the work of a social worker. Also, great help for the work of social workers is the Rulebook on the manner of keeping content and records for the beneficiaries of social protection rights, including the rights and obligations of children with the care of children and the record is unified. The content of this paper is an explanation of the basic thematic content from the aspect of the method of social work in the institutions for care of the elderly.
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The aging of the population is a challenge for intergenerational support, privately within the family and public in the society. Concerns about intergenerational support are most often found in the younger generation: Will the younger ones continue to support the elderly? Within families, the question would be, do adults want and will be able to help their elderly parents? Intergenerational family ties are made up of both sides and should be equally interested in how aging the population can affect the two generations. Parents help their children for the most part and try to protect their children even when they need help. It is understood that the personal expectations and personal interest of the younger ones will influence how adults will behave toward their elderly parents. Subject of research in this paper are intergenerational links as support systems for the elderly and are studied through the six components of intergenerational support that allow for perceiving how intergenerational relationships affect intergenerational support. According to Bengtson and Schrader (1982); McChasney and Bengtson (1988), six dimensions of intergenerational support are defined: 1. support through friendship; 2. support through affection; 3. support through consent; 4. functional support; 5. normative support; 6. structural support. The conclusion of this research is made up of several segments: a) presents the new forms of intergenerational relationships, b) allows the perception of existing family relationships, c) reveals the causes of harmonious or disturbed intergenerational relationships, d) gives an account of the thoughts of the two generations, e) the analysis of the elements of the six components of intergenerational support allows for the identification of measures to overcome the misunderstandings between generations.
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The aim of this work is to show practice and opportunities for improvement of foster care for adults in Republic of Croatia and Republic of Macedonia, through a comparative analysis of the legal framework governing foster care. The analysis will focus on the comparison of certain statutory provisions that are related to foster care and state the main differences that exist in these countries. We will analyze the provisions relating to the types of foster care present in those countries, the accommodation capacities, the conditions to be met to perform foster activities, training and education of foster careers, the issuance of a license to conduct foster care and issues related with conclusion of the contract and compensation for foster carers. We will also display statistics about the current situation on the field of foster care in each country and propose guidelines for the further development of foster care for adults in Croatia and Macedonia.
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This paper discusses the contribution of a new intervention program for older adults (FORCE), developed by the author (Schwartzman Bar-Netzer, 2016). The FORCE Program represents an innovative approach to health promotion with older adults integrating psycho-education and exercising core muscles, for improving everyday quality of life (QOL). The research conceptual framework is based on The Whole Person Wellness Model (Kang & Russ, 2009) and the TransTheoretical Model -Stages of Change (Prochaska, et. al., 2008). 95 women and 11 men aged 60-90 participated in the program for 12 months. Two experimental groups- one of core muscle workout (CM: n = 28) and one with home equipment (CMI: n = 59), and a control group (CoG: n = 19) participated in the research. The research tool was the SF-36 Health Survey Quality of Life Questionnaire (Bentor & Epshtein, 2001) before and after the intervention program. Eight parameters of QOL were examined: Physical functioning, Limited physical health, Limited emotional health, Energy, Emotional wellbeing, Social functioning, General health, Pain. The results show significant improvement, following the program, on 7 of the 8 parameters related to QOL in the 2 experimental groups compared to the control group. These findings were further supported in the research when participants reported undergoing significant improvement in their quality of life and their capabilities in everyday activities. The research conclusions hold the potential for developing new methods to substantially improve the quality of life and well-being of this growing population on whom there is limited empirical research.
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Aim: The article deals with aging of populations, respectively. the quality of life of seniors, with an emphasis on its socio-economic level, retirement and the pension security system. Describes social services and health care for seniors in Slovakia, including institutional care. It characterizes the old age, concepts such as population aging, quality of life, ageism, and other. Scope: To analyze and compare the resulting socio-economic dimensions of the quality of life of seniors living in the home environment and the quality of life of seniors who are clients of social services facilities. Another goal is to measure the age-old experience of seniors' experiences, and compare this depending this whether seniors are or are not a social service provider. Methods: A questionnaire method was used, the research had the character of a quantitative analysis. The research sample was slovak seniors aged 62 years and older. The number of respondents was 224, of which 95 (42.4%) in institutional (residential) care and 129 (57,6%) respondents living in an own home environment. Conclusion: Personal experience with age discrimination reported almost half of the respondents (46.9% of all respondents). More experience with these negative phenomena have seniors who are clients of the institutional facilities (56.8%).
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Active Aging and Happiness: European Senior Citizen Volunteers. This paper studies the relationship between perceived happiness and volunteering among European senior citizens, paying special attention to differences based on gender and generational cohorts. The empirical analysis utilised micro data from the World Values Surveys (WVS: 1994/98, 2005/09 and 2010/14). The main conclusions are: i) Employment, education and income are key factors for understanding senior citizen volunteering and wellbeing; ii) senior citizen volunteering can be a positive factor that reinforces happiness if senior citizens chose activities that promote wellbeing; iii) it is important to encourage economic development that helps to improve the life conditions of all citizens.
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1. Hinführung: Zur Person des Autors und Geschäftsführers des Haus St. Josef am Inn Christian Juranek ist seit 1998 Geschäftsführer des Haus St. Josef am Inn. Sein Auftrag bestand darin, neben der infrastrukturellen Erneuerung des genannten Senioren- und Pflegeheimes auch einen neuen Geist zu etablieren, der im Grunde ein alter war.
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For a long time it was believed that violence against the elderly was a private affair of each individual. Influenced by many human rights movements, intellectuals and scientists, the notion has ripened that violence against the elderly can not be a private matter of an individual and that it must be reacted to. Towards the end of the 20th century there have been significant changes in terms of adoption of international conventions and declarations which tackled the issue of violence against the elderly and domestic violence. However, the awareness in our society about violence against the elderly is still very low. All levels of government and the media do not address this issue in an appropriate manner. It can be noted that in Bosnia and Herzegovina there are few papers dealing with the problem of violence against the elderly.This issue needs to be paid more attention to by the scientific and professional community through the adoption of positive law or appropriate regulations with the aim to prevent and repress such violence. In protecting the elderly, the legislators should in the future consider other ways which have not yet been applied in our current legislation. The register of the perpetrators of such crimes must be established which will be available to the public. Also the violence against older persons should qualify as form of domestic violence. It is necessary that Bosnia and Herzegovina respect the Convention it has ratified and bring the National Strategy for the elderly. The police, prosecution, social workers and the scientific community should act in a coordination so as to protect the elderly from violence. We believe that lawyers and Jurists public themselves should pay more attention to the issue of violence against the elderly. This complex subject has been so far examined from a sociological, psychological and economic standpoint, while its legal aspect remained quite neglected.
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The number of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at age 50 and over is increasing due to increased life expectancy in patients treated with highly effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but also due to a new primary infections in older patients. It is expected that the number of people with HIV / AIDS will be further increased in the future due to progress in treatment, which will enable many currently infected persons to have longer life with AIDS and after a few years they will become part of a group of older people of 50 and more years. HIV / AIDS education and prevention programs are not targeted at the older population, the existing health care system does not adequately investigate risky behaviors in the elderly population, and most doctors rarely or never discuss HIV / AIDS or risk factors with their elderly patients. Since this is a vulnerable population, doctors, as well as geriatric experts, must be aware of all risk factors and alert them to older HIV / AIDS patients. The primary goal of research and treatment during the first two decades of the HIV / AIDS epidemic was to keep people alive and healthy as much as possible with various innovative therapies. By entering the third decade, it is time to focus on the quality of life of people infected with HIV.
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Poljoprivredni karakter SR Srbije i dominacija seoskog stanovništva u ukupnom stanovništvu zahtevaju poklanjanje izuzetne pažnje pojavama na selu, i to, kako nauke, tako i politike. Na žalost, ne možemo reći da je naša sociološka nauka bila na visini svojih obaveza i objektivnih mogućnosti.
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The impact of society on the suicide is an enigma that sociologists try to solve since E. Durkheim’s time. Determinants indicated by Durkheim have continued to act, but they are articulated differently today. During industrialization period in the West in the XIX century suicide rates were heavily increasing, but they were decreasing during the XX century. This contradicts the catastrophic vision in which economic development unavoidably leads to pathological forms of individualism, isolation, and thus to greater exposure to suicide, and induce to think about new forms of sociability having protective function, generated in modern developed societies. Increasing suicide rates in China, India and Russia may point to similar social destabilization patterns which the West experienced in the XIX century. But maybe the most striking result of contemporary research is the turnover of suicide rates according to ages of life. In Durkheim’s explication sheme regular increasing of suicide rates with aging was seen as a "natural fact". However, starting with petrol crisis in the 70-ies, suicide rates of the young have grown, and of the old have clearly stagnated or decreased in developed western countries. This strong growth points to the crisis of identity construction where the unemployement, dequalification and uncertainty of the job market are in the same time a sign of social denial of individuals personal value. Nevertheless, Durkheim’s conclusion " La misère protège" doesn’t seem to be valid any more: sucide rates regularly increase from the top to the bottom of social hierarchy. Suicide rates follow the mouvements of society in both large and short scale. If society is able to put its sign on such a personal act as a suicide, it does it even more efficiently on the other aspects of life.
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The social assistance system plays an important role in country development, through programs, services and benefits offered to all those who need help to socially rehabilitate or meet the challenges of society. At the same time, social assistance systems must have the capacity to reconfigure, new trends in the world and European, the natural evolution of technology and digitization of information, the globalization process, the new social problems that have arisen, and the internationalization social models. By this article, I would like to draw attention to the fact that all those working in this system of social services must take the risk of having an innovative vision of practices and methods of intervention and try not to eliminate any variation in the practice of assistance social fears of the major changes that will occur. A few years ago, you could not associate terms like robotics and social welfare services. At present, due to the project initiated by Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, we can talk about services such as robotherapy and psychotherapy through virtual reality. Since 2006, children have a free counseling and information service by phone. Elderly people also benefit from such a service from 2015. Websites and social media pages of public and private institutions operating in the social field, are aimed at increasing the level of access to useful information for all people in difficulty. All these measures are the result of the tendency of technology to provide social services offered, to digitize information and to absorb innovative methods in the practice of social assistance.
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The aim of this study was, through research of attitudes, to establish perception of loneliness and meaning of life of the elderly people who have the institutional and non-institutional support. The authors in the study started from the assumption that the attitudes of elderly people who have the institutional and non-institutional support does not have statistically significant difference in the perception of loneliness and meaning of life.The method of theoretical analysis and descriptive-analytic survey method was used from research methods. Short form UCLA Loneliness Scale (Allen and Oshagan, 1995) and the Purpose in Life test (Crumbaugh & Maholick, 1964) - adapted form of PIL test (Debats, 1996) were used from research instruments.The research sample consisted of 150 elderly people who use residential care as a form of support and 150 elderly people who live in their households and do not use the services of dormitory accommodation.The results of the research showed that elderly people living in their households show statistically significantly higher levels on a scale of loneliness than the elderly people who have institutional treatment. On the other hand, elderly people who have institutional social support show statistically greater values on the meaning of life scale than people living in their households. The variables sex and age were not statistically significantly associated with variables loneliness and meaning of life.
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Nieubłagane zmiany demograficzne sprawiają, że rośnie procentowy udział – i liczba – osób w podeszłym wieku w społeczeństwie. Zaś wraz z zaawansowanym wiekiem wzrasta ryzyko utraty samodzielno ści, a nierzadko również popadania w zależność od długoterminowej opieki. To jedno z głównych wyzwań, jakie stoi przed społeczeństwem i państwem w nadchodzącej dekadzie. Warto przyjrzeć się temu, jak dziś działa system opieki nad osobami starszymi i jakie są jego słabe punkty.
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The contribution zooms the adaptation of older people to the environment of the institutional facility. It describes the phases of the behaviour of the elderly placed in the facility, as well as the behavior and attitudes of people who have entered a serious crisis. It shows the progress of the adaptation process and the problems associated with the adaptation of older people to the environment in the facility.
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Social inclusion and social exclusion of the elderly belong to the concepts the operationalization of which has started recently. The objective of this paper is to analyze the factors of social inclusion of the elderly who live in Belgrade. Therefore, a research, using a questionnaire, which included 781 elderly persons living in Belgrade, was conducted in 2019. The dimensions of their health, living standard and financial situation, as well as the quality of life and social participation, were in the focus of the research. Basic findings point to a negative correlation between years of life and all measured outcomes; a positive correlation between their education and subjective assessment of the quality of life and objective measure of social participation in the community; as well as an absence of gender differences in dependent variables, except for the mobility.
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