Viktimitet starih ljudi
The review of: „Viktimitet straijih ljudi/ The Victimology of Elderly People“ by Miomira Kostić; Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Centar za publikacije, Socijalna misao, Beograd, 2010, str. 247
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The review of: „Viktimitet straijih ljudi/ The Victimology of Elderly People“ by Miomira Kostić; Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Centar za publikacije, Socijalna misao, Beograd, 2010, str. 247
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Paper analyzes possibilities writers sex determination in Forensic handwriting identification. Paper shows and analyzes results available researchs in this area of interest, as presentation conclusions of these researchs. Also, are shown in theoretical point of view autors in this area of interest. Results presented the success of researchs range from 57 % to 94 %. The methodology presented researchs can not be used with absolute certainty in Forensic handwriting identification, but results of these studies can be used in the process of crime offender profiling
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In this article the author publishes the recorded oral statements of three witnesses, that is, their memories of the time spent in World War II and the immediate post-war period. Mehmed Avdić from Donja Orahovica (born in 1924) was mobilized into the Ustashas. As a member of the 14th battalion, he headed toward the Austrian border, to Dravograd, where he fell into captivity. He testified about the separation of prisoners in a camp in Maribor, where one group was singled out for liquidation. He was conducted to Varaždin with others in the so-called „death marches“. There he was mobilized into the Partisans (Yugoslav Army), and sent to the battles against the remaining members of the losing Axis forces. Mustafa Duraković from Malešići (born in 1927) was a member of a local unit of the so-called „Zeleni Kadar“, hiding in front of the Partisan attacks. At the end of the war he started to depart while still under Ustasha units. He was captured by the Yugoslav army near Dravograd, and then in the death marches, he was conducted to Bosanski Brod, and the lead from camp to camp. From there he was released home, but he was arrested and taken to the notorious Štok prison in Tuzla, from where he was sent into forced labor. Mustafa Hasičević from Klokotnica (born in 1925) was mobilized into the 13th SS Division Handžar. The division was trained in Germany, after which he returned to Bosnia. In the autumn of 1944, his unit was sent to Hungary, where he fought against the incoming Red Army until the moment when he got seperated from the unit with several soldiers. After that, he returns to his homeland, joining a local unit of the „Zeleni Kadar“. They started to withdraw, but Mustafa's group surrendered to the Partisans somewhere around Bosanski Brod. Mustafa was enlisted into the 23rd Serbian Division, where he remained until the end of the war.
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Although not proved in court, facts explicitly show that genocide against Bosniaks occurred in the period from 1992 to 1995 in Zvornik municipality. The total number of Bosniak killed in the municipality of Zvornik was 1976, of which 1542 were identified, while 434 people were missing. We would like to emphasize that the total number killed in the municipality of Zvornik is the largest number in the area of Bijeli Potok. At the beginning of June 1992, 665 Bosniak civilians were captured and killed in the Bijeli Potok. Of these, 422 were identified and 243 were missing. The majority of Bosniak victims were men, 655 men, while the rest were women. At the time the killed age structure was as follows: 69 were 15 to 20 years old, 150 killed 20 to 30 years old, 180 killed were aged 30 to 40, 121 killed were aged 40 to 50 , while there were 145 of them for 50 or more years. Most of the Bosniak killed were originally from the local community of Đulici, then from the local community of Klisa. Also, a large number of victims lived in Kucic Kula, Tršić, Šetići and Bijelo Potok, or they happened to be there by accident.
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In this article I describe the phenomenon of the false historical object in Holocaust research by analyzing the three Polish editions of Rutka Laskier’s diary (with particular attention paid to the latest one). I show that a false historical object is a result of the loss of material/physical contact with the historical source and that it attempts to substitute the document. This is why editions of certain novels stylized as personal document literature eagerly imitate the old texts both in the visual layer (the reader is faced with the manuscript’s facsimile, sepia-colored paper, and old photographs) and in the layer of the events presented (in the novel its author does not always specify that it is fiction). This essay also presents the key mistakes made while rewriting Laskier’s diary by its publisher; analyzes the visual and material layer of its third edition (which follows the ‘not a single page without a photograph’ rule) in reference to the rules adopted by the Polish Center for Holocaust Research and the Jewish Historical Institute for editing diaries (particularly those written by adolescent girls); and discusses the conceptions of necroesthetics and necropolitics, derived from new humanities, in the context of the practical aspect of the popularization of the diary, the history of how it was transported, and the interest taken in its author (particularly her appearance). In the part devoted to the conclusions Tomczok wonders why this type of practices is not accompanied with deepened scholarly reflection and why there is a marked quantitative and qualitative difference between the scholarly editions of Laskier’s diary and those addressed to the general audience.
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Po 1989 r. tematyka dotycząca pogromu Żydów w Kielcach pojawiała się w wielu książkach. Opublikowane zostały zbiory źródeł, wywiady ze świadkami. Tragiczne wydarzenia z lipca 1946 r. były przedmiotem śledztwa, tematem filmów i literackich opowieści. W centrum rekonstruowanego obrazu była zbrodnia, której ofiarą padło ponad czterdziestu Żydów i dwóch Polaków. Aby zrozumieć, jak do niej doszło, zbierano rozsypane w wielu źródłach informacje. Z fragmentów starano się zbudować całość. Mimo to wciąż „pewne pytania pozostawały bez odpowiedzi”. Nową propozycję badawczą dotyczącą pogromu, autorstwa prof. Joanny Tokarskiej-Bakir, tworzą dwa tomy. Pierwszy, liczący ponad siedemset stron, w szesnastu rozdziałach opowiada o wydarzeniach w Kielcach z 4 lipca 1946 r. Ważne miejsce zajmują w nim apendyksy i biogramy. Drugi na ponad ośmiuset stronach prezentuje materiał źródłowy.
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The review of: Alessandra Kersevan: Un campo di concentramento fascista: Gonars 1942-1943. Comune di Gonars, Edizione Kappa Vu, Novembre 2003, 389 strani
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The paper deals with the victims of the Second World War in areas with the majority Slovene population in the hinterlands of Gorizia and Trieste. On the basis of the data retrieved by the Slovene and Italian researchers, a victimological sketch has been drawn which considers 822 Slovene war victims who amount to over 5 percent of the total population in the above area and who lost their lives in the period from the Italian entry to the war until the beginning of 1946. This time frame embraces all the wartime victims as well as those executed immediately after the war. Although, due to the specific historical processes, certain differences can be noted between this area and Central Europe, there are also similarities which were dictated by the total war. Whilst the majority of victims are military personnel, the proportion of civilians is much higher than in the First World War.
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The criminal legislation of a number of new states predict more types and measures of institutional (custodial) character in the system of criminal sanctions as well as measures to fight crime in all shapes and forms of manifestation. These are: a) imprisonment, b) medical security measures of custodial character, c) Institutional educational measures and d) juvenile imprisonment. The criminal substantive law prescribes concept, content, nature, character, duration and conditions for the implementation of institutional sanctions. However, the court pronounced forms and measures of custodial sanctions do not have to effectively last for the period pronounced by the decision. In fact, all legislation provide the possibility of conditional release for the convicted person from prisons even before the pronounced sentence is served, provided that the person meets certain conditions. There are two types of conditions for the granting of conditional release. These are: a) a formal requirement - tied to the length of the imposed sanctions of the institutional character and b) substantive requirement - a decision of the competent authority that is fully realized the purpose of punishment and without their effective enforcement in its entirety. The concept, content, conditions for granting, the method of execution and revocation of conditional release in the law of the Republic of Serbia (with theoretical and practical aspects) are discussed in this paper.
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Trafficking in human beings and migrant smuggling are two distinct phenomena, even if both are offenses involving the transfer of human beings for the purpose of making a profit. This paper aims to present the differences between the two phenomena. Thus, it can be seen that the purpose of human trafficking is exploitation of the victim and using it to obtain profits continue, while the aim of smuggling of migrants is illegal border crossing. Crossing international borders is a prerequisite for smuggling of migrants, human trafficking while not always require crossing international borders. One of the most important conditions of human trafficking is to control and restrict the freedom of the victim in order to exploit it, while smuggling of migrants does not require control of freedom. Trafficked person is considered to be a victim because it is constrained and exploited, while in case of smuggling of migrants, migrant consents transaction with trafficker and agrees to the conditions set by him.
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Le franciscain Alojzije Mišić (1859–1942) était évêque des diocèses de Mostar-Duvno et de Trebinje-Mrkanj entre 1912 et 1942. Il est resté en mémoire comme évêque qui a protesté contre les crimes et les meurtres perpétrés par le régime oustachi contre des gens innocents, sans égard à leur appartenance religieuse ou ethnique. Dans ses écrits, il n’épargnait ni les forces militaires partisanes, tchetniks, allemandes ou italiennes à cause de leurs crimes tout aussi graves, qu’elles avaient commis dans le territoire de ses diocèses. Ce travail présente certaines de ses interventions faites en vue de protéger les simples gens, qui ont aussi e plus souffert pendant les conflits de guerre.
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The main objective of the research is to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the socio-demographic characteristics of families and juveniles and recidivism in the commission of criminal offenses of juveniles. The investigation covered juvenile delinquents - perpetrators of criminal offenses, regardless of the type of crime and the type of legal sanctions imposed. The framework of this research included a total of 161 delinquents. The first group of variables consists of general data on respondents. The second group of variables are related to the sociodemographic characteristics of the family. The third group of variables are those related to the intensity of juvenile delinquent activity. The fourth group consists of those related to the behavioral disorders of juvenile delinquents. The fifth set of variables are those related to the education of juveniles. Among the variables found statistically significantly related to recidivism are younger age, birth order, juveniles whose parents have lower education, those whose father works in lower-paying jobs, aggressive behavior of juveniles, school leaving, some forms of addiction (sniffing and tabletomania), changing school environments and repeating school classes frequently. The birth order increases the chance of recidivism four times, and the biggest contribution to the possible occurrence of recidivism is the change of school because this variable increases the chance of recidivism by 7,3 times. The variables of older age, success in school and higher education of parents showed a protective value in relation to recidivism.
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The objective of this study is to present intersections between biopolitics that intends to benefit from biological potential and capabilities of the individual in favor of the state by keeping population under surveillance and politics of death (thanatopolitics) in Soviet corrective labor camps. It discusses the process from constructing persona-grata to destructing persona-non-grata as “enemies of the people” through contemporary Italian philosopher Georgio Agamben’s conceptualisations “bare life” and “state of exception”; and contemporary French historian Annette Becker’s “animalization” and “reification”. The relevant concepts are evaluated within the testimonies of Gulag survivors -Yevgeniya Ginzburg's “Journey into the Whirlwind” and Varlam Shalamov's “Kolyma Stories”. It has been concluded that the phenomenon of camp was not left behind as an anomaly of the past; it has correspondence in theory and practice as the matris and the nomos of current political life as Agamben prescribed.
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Cântăreții, ca şi orice altă categorie profesională, pot prezenta afecțiuni specifice, legate de locul de muncă şi modul de viață. Bolile specifice cântăreților includ afecțiuni vocale, afecțiuni respiratorii şi scăderea de auz de tip trauma sonoră. O parte din aceste afecțiuni sunt menționate în legislația actuală de medicina muncii, ca fiind boli profesionale cu declarare obligatorie. Persoanele care se folosesc de vocea lor în profesie suferă adesea de dureri în gât, iar uneori își pot pierde și vocea. Tratamentul poate fi, în cazul unei infecții cu bacterii, administrarea de antibiotice, un antrenament de vorbire în caz de utilizare greșită a vocii sau o procedură operativă în cazul afecțiunilor polipilor vocali.Pentru a monitoriza starea aparatului vocal, este necesar să se efectueze periodic examinări fonice; fiecare cântăreț ar trebui să cunoască regulile de bază ale igienei.
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This contribution seeks to explore new forms of legal, human and social protection in which clients, lawyers and voluntary associations work together to identify vulnerable people and their needs and to defend them. It shows how forms of so-called collaborative lawyering can be articulated in practice by analysing cases of international protection in Italy. It puts the accent on the role played by non-lawyers (cultural mediators) in contributing to the victims of human trafficking processes of familiarisation and socialisation, thereby exploring whether and how these diverse collaborators may contribute to empowering the performance of vulnerable clients in the procedures that involve them. The contribution ends with a proposal to make conscious use of legal storytelling as a tool for supporting vulnerable clients, in a socio-clinical space shared between researchers, professionals (attorneys, judges, voluntary associations) and clinical students.
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The 21st century has seen a shift away from intra-state conflicts to inter-state conflicts with threats coming from non state armed groups within. This article focuses on the the nexus between conflict politics and organized crime in Kosovo and its effects on ethnic tension. Especially on how an organized crime perpetuated conflict lead to a cycle of violence obstructing transition and the building of Rule of Law. The study is looking on how civic trust and structures affect conflict, politics and in turn, how these reciprocate back on civic trust and structures. Firstly the article outlines the shift in modern warfare from state to non state actors and then continues on to a study of organized crime and parallel structures in Kosovo and what are the root causes of these structures. Lastly recommendations are offered how to deal with the weaknesses found in the previous chapter based on a study on what has been done in the area of Rule of Law.
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Transitional justice is the accumulation of the measures implemented in order to address atrocities and return dignity to victims in post-conflict situations. The core objective of this research is to analyze transitional justice, or lack thereof, that is taking place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in regards to psycho-social support for male survivors of sexual based violence during armed conflict. This article will also briefly examine programs that the neighboring country of Uganda is implementing to tackle this issue.
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The authors of this paper aim to present the results of their research on the frequency and content of rapists’ general sexual fantasies, as well as fantasies related to rape. The research was conducted in the penitentiary correctional institutions in the towns of Nis, Pozarevac, Padinska skela and Sremska Mitrovica, all in the Republic of Serbia. The sample included 40 convicts, males aged 24–69, serving the sentence of imprisonment for having committed the criminal offence of rape. Regarding the presence of sexual fantasies, the results show that as many as 82.5% of the convicts stated that they had general sexual fantasies and that 70% of the prisoners had sexual fantasies related to rape. By analysing the frequency of general sexual fantasies, we have established that 63.6% of the convicts reported that they had sexual fantasies every day and that 67.8% of the convicts reported that they had sexual fantasies related to rape on a daily basis. Regarding the content of sexual fantasies related to rape, the results point to the existence of various types of sexual fantasies, among which masturbatory fantasies appear to be prevalent, only to be followed by sexual fantasies in which the victim shows obedience and submissiveness, sexual fantasies about sex with a minor, and sexual fantasies in which the rapist causes pain to the victim, etc.
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Review of: Klaus-Peter Friedrich - Der Holocaust. Neue Studien zu Tathergängen, Reaktionen und Aufarbeitungen. Hrsg. im Auftrag des Fritz Bauer Instituts von Jörg Osterloh und Katharina Rauschenber-ger. (Jahrbuch zur Geschichte und Wirkung des Holocaust, 2017.) Campus Verlag. Frankfurt – New York 2017. 259 S. ISBN 978-3-593-50799-6. (€ 29,95.)
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