Morphology of Sensual Algorithms: Interview with Leon Eckard
Interview with Leon Eckard by Marija Mitrović.
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Interview with Leon Eckard by Marija Mitrović.
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In this article a group of authors will discuss the documentation process carried out by Filipa Magalhães during her PhD research, who gathered all possible materials concerning the music theatre work FE...DE...RI...CO... (1987) by Constança Capdeville. She created a more complete script (based on the information left by Capdeville, such as scores, texts, drawings, sketches with stage indications, scripts containing the main lines, and scripts for sound and light) aiming to document the several layers of information in order to systematize the work for archival purposes. The music theatre as a performative genre is a synthesis of multimedia artform that involves technological resources (for example the magnetic tape medium), which are aimed to be preserved, exploited, and valorized in order to make re-performance feasible. We will focus on the understanding of the difficulties and challenges found to bring this performance back from the archive to the stage.
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My composition, Flou for solo violin, is an attempt at cocomposition between the composer and the performer at embodying otherwise unidiomatic machine-learning generated materials. The piece touches on a broader compositional problem where historically, when algorithms were used as a means in itself, composers were often faced with tensions between the algorithm, the composer, and the performer. To contextualize further, Cage, Xenakis, and Boulez each came up with their own algorithmic processes and dealt with these tensions differently. Upon scrutinizing these composers’ methods, I observe that these tensions are usually resolved by enabling agency for either side of the humans involved. As in, Boulez deviates from his algorithm to follow his compositional instincts, Cage creates indeterminate scores for performers to interpret, and Xenakis adds ‘human touches’ to his ‘incomplete’ algorithm. Considering these kinds of tensions, Flou uses an open score with only algorithmic pitch notated, which I ask to be played using an octave-lower scordatura. The open score affords the performer’s freedom to react to the instability of the scordatura in non-pitch ways, and it is this tantalizing physical attempt at trying to play the algorithmic pitch that foregrounds the performer’s bodily presence in the performance.
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The cause and consequences of the genre heterogeneity of Władysław Orkan’s Listy ze wsi [Letters from the village] The subject of the article is the genre diversity of Władysław Orkan’s social texts published in the Polish press of the interwar period titled Letters from the village [originally: Listy ze wsi]. Thanks to the use of discursive analysis’ elements of press statements, attempts are made to determine the reasons for the polygence of Podhale’s eulogist’s journalistic texts. The genological complexity of Władysław Orkan’s analyzed texts was due to a number of factors related to the pragmatic and communicative situation, as well as to the author’s creative individuality. Hence, the smooth crossing of the boundaries of journalistic discourse in favor of its fictional counterpart became the reason for creating journalistic artistically signed texts, shaped in a particular way as a result of the author’s attitude, manifested in the care for readers’ satisfaction.
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The article analyzes the method of implementing the culinary discourse in advertising texts published in „Tygodnik Ilustrowany” in 1910–1927. The focus was primarily on analyzing those ads that annexed a specific genre for their needs: a recipe. Moreover, advertisements were described in which determinants of various genres and styles intertwined, especially those in which elements of culinary discourse were intertwined with lexical determinants of scientific discourse. The analysis of the lexis of old advertisements also made it possible to observe which cooking vocabulary, often present in material from over a hundred years ago, is already perceived as archaic from a modern perspective.
More...Česká katolická publicistika v letech 1945‒1948 mezi marxismem a liberalismem
The article presents the approach of Catholic journalism towards cultural, social and political issues as can be found in Catholic periodicals from the years 1945‒1948. One of the main characteristics of this approach is its focus on personal human dignity and its connection to the fact of the creation and redemption of the human person. Personal dignity forms an opposition towards the reductive approach of modern ideologies, which are understood as an instrumental construction of humanity leading to the limitation of the uniqueness and richness of human life. The critique of ideology is not anchored in an unambiguous left‑ or right‑wing political orientation. Catholic authors are also critical for the liberal and Marxist vision of social and political life. The way out of ideologized thinking is therefore found in the richness and depth of the religious, Christian tradition.
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Aim. To determine and analyse motivating factors, which influence the education component of forming successful Ukrainian journalist students and their value orientations. Methods. The main research methods are observation, test, interview, questionnaire and analysis of scientific works. A set of diagnostic tools was used among which were the Dmitriy Leontyev’s Purpose-in-Life Test, which included three most vital life orientations: purpose of life, its eventfulness and self-realisation, and Milton Rokeach’s Value orientations questionnaire. For processing the data, the following analysis methods were used: processing of quantitative data by applying methods of mathematical analysis of statistical; Student’s t-test to compare medians of two independent samples; Spearman’s rank correlation; processing of qualitative data: content study and analysis, processing of the obtained data; quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results. The practical value of the research results consisted in determining modern value orientations and learning and professional motivation of the successfulUkrainian student-journalists as well as finding out that the profession of a journalist can be successful. Conclusion. It was identified that journalist education has a specific character, which should include motivating students to achieving success in learning and professional development. The study demonstrated that the future professional competency growth of the journalism students can be achieved with the development of their instrumental and terminal values. Some student’s success indicators were identified for implementing in the student professional training in order to motivate them to learning and professional efficiency and forming their system of value orientations.
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Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze religious issues in gender and feminist electronic mass media in Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of their policy, audience, and communication strategy Methods. The empirical methods were gathered by a grouping of sites and electronic media: the official sites, the convergent scanned print media, and the social network Facebook. Overall, the 21 electronic mass media were analyzed. The main method of this research is a discourse analysis of religious topics. The main identified topics are representation of religions, political issues, gender history of religion, female priesthood, dogma of religion, pedagogical and scientific topics, critique of religion/church, anti-gender and religion, LGBT issues, sexuality, body, and religion. Only a small amount of material and topics are dedicated to religion, which is marginalized in the Ukrainian media. Conclusions. Our main conclusion is that the more analytical analysis in the material, the more tolerant the authors are to religion, but not to religious organizations. The sensitive topics of sexual orientation, sexual violence, pedophilia, and abortion rights related to church activities, are raised in the feminist/gender mass media.
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Review of: - Anas Al-Shaikh-Alić, Pristranost u popularnoj kulturi. Moć vizuelnih i jezičkih narativa / Bias in Popular Culture. The Power of Visual and Linguistic Narratives; Istanbul: MAHYA Yayıncılık, 2023, 351 str., ISBN: 978-605-72206-2-2.
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Scholarly works on pipeline vandalism have paid extensive attention to empirical questions of causes and consequences. But there remains a dearth of studies on the representation of the acts of vandalism in newspapers, which is necessary for evaluating what message about the problem is being disseminated to the citizens and how that could contribute to resolving the problem or sustaining it. This paper examines the identity construction for critical social actors in Nigerian newspaper reports on pipeline vandalism. Sixteen –news samples were purposively selected from three newspapers: The Tide, New Waves, and The Guardian published between 2015 and 2019. Theoretically, the study is anchored on a combination of Fina’s (2011) identity process and van Dijk’s (1995, 2006a, 2006b) in-group/out-group description. The analysis involved accounting for the deployment of group self-schemata (van Dijk, 1995, 2005) and ideological strategies (van Dijk, 2006) in realising the three identity processes of indexing, positioning, and local occasioning established by Fina (2011). The study finds that through a combination of media identity ascription and social actors’ positive-self description in the news reports, each of the major stakeholders in the conflict assumes an identity of innocence and responsible entity while shifting the blame to others. It concludes therefore that this could be responsible for the difficulty in ending the conflict.
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Television is a dominant medium that can influence one’s attitude and social ideologies formation since it reflects sociolinguistic reality and maintains language ideologies and existing social stereotypes. For that reason, we can mention so-called female and male language patterns and their main characteristics, which are to a great extent associated with social power, i.e. the role that an individual has in his social community or community of practice. This paper aims to examine whether the Greek media and more specifically, the Greek TV series promote so-called male and female language patterns, as well as social stereotypes directed towards women. In this paper, we analysed the linguistic behaviour of the protagonists of the Greek series Mην αρχίζεις την μουρμούρα. Qualitative non-experimental research based on the analysis of linguistic behaviour at the level of the characters‘ lexical choice, Vaso and Charis showed that their choice of language patterns is proportional to their social or professional status. In addition, we noticed the presence of certain social stereotypes, while it is evident that the use of stereotypical-female language patterns is associated with a hierarchically lower social position.
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Aim. The aim of this article is to define and analyse the intention and effects of the use of mass communication and media for military purposes. The authors examine the issue on the example of the Russian Federation and the unrecognized Republic of Abkhazia Methods. The method of the research is a qualitative, discursive analysis of media texts. Results. The study of the content of information platform sputnik-abkhazia.ru, created by the Russian Federation in Abkhazia, allows us to identify the main messages the above-mentioned platform disseminates and tries to enroot in the local community of Abkhazia. In the messages identified during the study an attempt is shown to convince the local audience of the military “invincibility” of the Russian Federation, a clear discredit of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) - and an open attempt to create an icon of the enemy from Georgia and the United States. In this way we see harmful, threatening cooperation of the means of mass media communication against society, carrying out military tasks. Conclusions. A study of the content of Sputnik-Abkhazia shows a clear example of the use of an information platform for military purposes. Given the current situation, we can argue that the informational efforts that the Russian Federation is making in Abkhazia will soon become a problem, not only for Georgia. Such cooperation between military tasks and information platforms serves to sow fear and mistrust in society, which creates fertile ground to rule the public opinion.
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Aim. This research study aims to examine the role and activities of key stakeholders in Slovakia who participate in non-formal education activities focused on the issue of critical thinking in relation to media communication. The aim was to gain an overview of the ways and means by which these actors address their target groups and what conceptual approaches they use to increase the level of media literacy at the national level. Methods. Framework analysis of secondary data on Slovak subjects whose nonformal educational activities and tools focus on the issue of critical thinking, disinformation and fake news by increasing the level of media and information literacy of various target groups. Results. The analysis of secondary data showed that representatives of various stakeholders in Slovakia offer different categories of projects and activities to increase the level of media and information literacy of various target groups. The obtained results indicate that the most active providers of non-formal education activities are in the sector of non-governmental organisations and think tanks. Our analysis also aimed to examine what types of educational activities organisations provide. The most significant representation is static online content (various types of educational content available through the website). Conclusions. The presented research results suggest that in terms of the position of key actors, the ways of their involvement in non-formal education processes are sufficiently diversified. They use a wide range of implementation concepts and models to develop critical thinking through non-formal learning methods for different target groups.
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The proposed article is devoted to the analysis of the state of the publishing industry of Ukraine in the first decades of independence in linguistic aspect. In retrospect the issue of books and newspapers is shown. Newspaper languages in Ukraine are bilingual or multilingual. An analysis of the situation in the fi eld of book publishing has shown that books and brochures are published in Ukraine for more than 20 languages. The lion’s share of publications in Ukrainian and Russian. A comparative description of the issue of Ukrainian-language and Russian-language editions is made. The study refutes the statements of some scholars about the oppression of the Russian language in print products in Ukraine.
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Review of: M. Bogunia-Borowska and J. Rzońca’s Media dwudziestolecia, Warszawa: Narodowe Centrum Kultury, 2022.
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How has the virtual reality of social media impacted our self-image? Has increased communication and possibilities for public self-expression brought us closer to ourselves and others? This paper proposes to examine the negotiation of intersectional postmodern social identity via a brief examination of the functions of social media, in the framework of individuation and personality integration. The historical role of tradition and modernity / postmodernity / metamodernity is explored; suggestions are offered for the creative use of social media as an instrument of self-expression, and the future of individuation in the era of social media is discussed from a depth psychological perspective.
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Disinformation is not a new phenomenon, but it is undoubtedly becoming more and more common, posing a threat to both modern societies and democratic states. The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of Chinese disinformation, which has become visible since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to confront it with its Russian counterpart. The article presents Beijing’s previous defensive practice in the context of spreading disinformation, consisting in improving China’s image with positive messages about the state. Particular attention was paid to changing the Chinese approach since the COVID-19 pandemic to a more offensive one, using Russian disinformation methods and tools. Presented, among others the presence of Chinese diplomats on Twitter in the spirit of wolf-warrior diplomacy, Beijing’s activities in the USA, Africa and Europe, and Chinese tools of influence such as TikTok. The article also analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and Russian disinformation, paying attention to the strengths and weaknesses of both countries in the context of conducting influence operations.
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On February 25, 2021, China officially declared victory in the fight against poverty, which me- ans that extreme poverty has been overcome in China. Correspondingly propagating of the program and its realization in the international community has become an important aspect of China’s storytelling in public diplomacy, in which media and the possibility of conveying specific content through them played a key role. The article presents the results of a com- parative analysis of the content of illustrations accompanying coverage about China’s fight against poverty, published in the years 2016–2021 in the English- and Chinese-language service of Chinadaily.com.cn, which is the largest English-language news portal of China. The results of the research show different strategies for illustrating of coverage of fighting poverty in China adopted by the editorial board of “China Daily” in presenting the researched topic towards foreign and domestic recipients. The obtained results allow to indicate the differences in the way of illustrating of the poverty eradication policy in both services of “China Daily”, as well as to identify the image of this policy that China wants to convey to the world through the media.
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The author of this article examines ways to minimize bias in the evaluation of songs created using artificial intelligence using the AI Song Contest as an example. She compares the voting procedures between the AI Song Contest and the Eurovision Song Contest and formulates a hypothesis that both contests have similar voting mechanisms and introduce mechanisms to reduce bias. However, the solutions used by AI Song Contest organizers seeking to reduce the impact of bias on the voting outcome are more effective. This is due to the use of more advanced technological barriers. The study was conducted using process tracing and qualitative content analysis methods and covered the first three editions of the AI Song Contest from 2020 to 2022. The research process asked the following research questions: 1) What similarities, in terms of organizing the winner selection procedure, and what differences exist between the AI Song Contest and the Eurovision Song Contest? 2) How do the organizers of the AI Song Contest seek to reduce the impact of biased behavior in the voting procedure? Based on these questions, a research process was conducted that positively verified the hypothesis. Comparative research provides insights into how to increase impartiality in the evaluation of musical works, through the use of technological solutions.
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The development of advanced ICT – Information and Communication Technologies – tools leads to mediatization of social society on an increasingly large scale. The use of activities on the smart technology market, the use of virtual assistants are just some of already com- mon interactions between man and machine. The development of artificial intelligence and robotics has an increasingly strong impact on the world of media and social communication. Nowadays, technological development is connected with improvement of intelligent systems based on biological intelligence. Thus, artifacts, equipped with features characteristic for human beings, belong to the circle of communication actors, fulfilling the role of senders and recipients of content. The article is based on the review and analysis of literature in the field of Human-Computer Interaction and Robot Computer-Interaction, as well as the relationship between human and non-human agents, along with the social impact of anthropomorphi- zation and genderization of products of modern technology.
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